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내재화, 외현화, 내-외 혼재 장애를 가진 아동들의 기질 및 성격에 대한 비교 연구
구연익,노경란 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회 2012 한국심리학회지 발달 Vol.25 No.4
The purpose of this study is to compare temperament and character in children with internalizing, externalizing disorders and comorbidity, to identifiy variables that distinguish internalizing, externalizing disorder and comorbidity. The sample comprise of 49 elementary school students who are under psychological treatment in Songpa AiZone, Seoul for Day Treatment Center Childen & Adolescents. The measurements are K-CBCL and JTCI. The results are as followed: First, the externalizing disorders and comorbidity group scored significantly higher than the internalizing disorders group in novelty seeking. Second, the internalizing disorders group scored significantly higher than the externalizing disorders and comorbidity group in harm avoidance. Third, the externalizing disorders group scored significantly lower than the internalizing disorders group in cooperativeness. Fourth, the variables that distinguish internalizing disorder from externalizing disorder are novelty seeking, harm avoidance and cooperativeness. Finally, the variables that distinguish comorbidity from internalizing disorder is cooperativeness. we discuss the importance of comorbidity group and a proposal of therapeutic intervention. 본 연구의 목적은 내재화, 외현화, 내-외 혼재 장애(이하, 혼재 장애)를 지닌 아동의 기질 및 성격 특성을 비교하고, 각 집단을 유의하게 변별해주는 기질 및 성격요인을 탐색하는 것이다. 서울형 아동․청소년 주간치료센터인 송파아이존에 내원하여 심리치료 중에 있는 초등학생 49명의 양육자에게 한국판 아동․청소년 행동평가척도와 한국판 아동용 기질 및 성격검사를 실시하였다. 각 장애집단별 기질 및 성격요인에 대한 다변량 분석 결과, 기질 요인 중 자극추구는 외현화와 혼재 장애집단이 내재화 장애집단에 비해 유의하게 높았고, 위험회피는 내재화 장애집단이 외현화, 혼재 장애집단에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 성격 요인 중 연대감은 외현화 장애집단이 내재화 장애집단에 비해 유의하게 낮았다. 다음으로 내재화와 외현화 장애집단에 대한 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과, 자극추구가 높을수록 외현화 장애집단을, 위험회피가 높을수록 내재화 장애집단을, 연대감이 낮을수록 외현화 장애집단을 변별하였다. 또한 내재화와 혼재 장애집단에 대한 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과, 연대감이 낮을수록 혼재 장애집단을 변별하였다. 본 연구에서 내재화 장애집단은 위험회피의 기질적 극단성이, 외현화 장애집단은 자극추구의 기질적 극단성 및 연대감의 성격적 미성숙이 설명력 있는 요인으로 나타나 이를 기반으로 두 장애집단에 대한 치료적 제안을 했다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 또한 혼재 장애집단은 자극추구와 위험회피가 모두 높아 기질적 취약성이 가장 두드러지고, 연대감 또한 미성숙하므로 그 동안 간과되었던 아동․청소년기 혼재 장애에 대한 중요성 및 후속연구를 제안하였다.
장연익,박훈,이승용,안재평,박종구,Jang Yeon-Ik,Park Hoon,Lee Seung-Yong,Ahn Jae-Pyoung,Park Jong-Ku 한국분말야금학회 2005 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.12 No.4
ZnO nanostructures with various shapes were synthesized under ambient pressure condition by a wet chemical reaction method. Nanorods of ZnO with hexagonal cross-section and their aggregates with radiate shape were synthesized. Precursor concentration affected considerably the shape evolution of ZnO nanorods. Low precursor concentration was proved to be more preferable to the growth of ZnO nanorods, which is attributed to the intrinsic characteristics of chemical reaction in the synthesis of ZnO from zinc compounds.
정연익,이동원,윤인식,나동균,이원재 대한성형외과학회 2011 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.38 No.4
Purpose: The reconstruction of a soft tissue defect of the heel pad can be challenging. One vital issue is the restoration of the ability of the heel to bear the load of the body weight. Many surgeons prefer to use local flaps or free tissue transfer rather than a skin graft. In this study, we evaluated the criteria for choosing a proper flap for heel pad reconstruction. Methods: In this study, 23 cases of heel pad reconstruction were performed by using the flap technique. The etiologies of the heel defects included pressure sores, trauma, or wide excision of a malignant tumor. During the operation, the location, size and depth of the heel pad defect determined which flap was chosen. When the defect size was relatively small and the defect depth was limited to the subcutaneous layer, a local flap was used. A free flap was selected when the defect was so large and deep that almost entire heel pad had to be replaced. Results: There was only one complication of poor graft acceptance, involving partial flap necrosis. This patient experienced complete recovery after debridement of the necrotic tissue and a split thickness skin graft. None of the other transferred tissues had complications. During the follow-up period, the patients were reported satisfactory with both aesthetic and functional results. Conclusion: The heel pad reconstructive method is determined by the size and soft-tissue requirements of the defect. The proper choice of the donor flap allows to achieve satisfactory surgical outcomes in aesthetic and functional viewpoints with fewer complications.