최인호 소설의 종교성 탐구

황경훈(Hwang, Kyung Hoon) 광주가톨릭대학교 신학연구소 2016 神學展望 Vol.- No.192

최인호는 가톨릭 신자이자 널리 알려진 소설가로 1970년대부터 대중들의 많은 사랑을 받아왔다. 그의 작품 시기를 일별해 보면, 『별들의 고향』의 상업적 성공으로 ‘대중 작가’의 명성을 얻은 1970년대와 이른바 ‘본격소설’을 쏟아낸 1980년대 그리고 역사와 종교의 세계에 깊이 빠져들어 많은 작품을 써냈던 1990년대 후반부터 작고할 때까지로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 본고에서는 한국 불교의 뛰어난 선사인 경허를 주인공으로 하는 『길 없는 길』과 공자에서 퇴계 이황에 이르는 유교의 역사를 다룬 장편『유림』을 살펴보고자 한다. 좀 더 구체적으로 말해, 본고는 이 두 소설이 이룬 ‘문학적 성취’에 초점을 두기보다는 작가의 매우 개방적이고도 다원적인 종교성이 어떻게 그의 작품 안에서 드러나고 있는지를 ‘다른 한 독법’을 통해 보여주고자 한다. 그렇다고 해서 이 두 종교소설을 다시 읽는다 함이 그에 대한 찬사와 비판의 어중간한 지점에서 어떤 타협점을 제시하기 위한 의도와는 거리가 멀다. 그동안 평론가들의 관심을 받지 못한 음지의 영역에 있던 그의 종교소설을 광장으로 끌어내어 입체적으로 다시 보기 위한 하나의 시도라고 말하는 편이 더 적절하다. 이를 위해서는 작가 스스로 생각하는 문학관과 종교관에 대한 올바른 이해를 바탕으로 그것이 어떻게 작품 속에서 드러나고 있는지를 부분적으로나마 살펴보고자 한다. 다시 말해 본고에서는 『길 없는 길』과 『유림』을 중심으로 작가의 정신, 곧 이상세계를 향한 그의 치열한 ‘구도자적 초월의지’가 어떻게 소설 속에 드러나고 있는지를 탐구하고자 한다. 그것은 스스로를 ‘불교적 가톨릭인’이라고 부르는 데서 보이듯 타자에게 완전히 개방된 작가의 불이적 또는 토착적 종교성을 그의 삶과 작품에서 보여주는 한편, 그것이 결국 종교간 대화와 협력을 위한 매우 풍요로운 종교적 전통과 전망을 열어나간 것임을 두 종교소설을 통해 탐사해나간 여정이라고 할 수 있다. Choi In-ho, a well-known Catholic novelist, had long been loved by readers since the 1970s. His works could be classified in the following way: in the 1970s, Home of Stars was one of his most famous novels, and other novels with the same characteristics were very successful. These books led to him being known as a “dime author.” However, since his novel A Windmill in My Heart, he produced in the 1980s other so-called “serious novels” which displayed a sensitivity to understanding modern urban life. The author started to dig into the areas of history and religions from the late 1990s to 2013, the year that he died. This paper explores his later novels, including the religious ones. More concretely, this paper looks at A Road Without Road, a story of Kyung-heo, one of greatest Seon(Zen) masters in Korea, and The Confucians, which deals with various stories of Confucianism from Confucius himself to Toegye Lee Hwang, one of the distinguished Korean scholars on Confucianism. This paper also suggests “another way” of reading Choi’s religious novels by showing the author’s very open and pluralistic outlook of the world and religions rather than focusing only on his literary achievement. Two facts are evident. His later religious novels did not get much attention from literary critics unlike those written in during the 1970s and 1980s. Also, his works got different and even contradictory evaluations. Rereading these novels, however, has nothing to do with offering a “middle place” where the two extreme positions for him, that is, praise or criticism, can be found. Rather, it is proper to say that it has to do with looking at Choi’s works in three dimensions. Therefore, this paper will look closely at how the author’s view on literature and religions are reflected in his works on the basis of a proper understanding of his views. Also, this paper examines Choi’s spirit or, in other words, his ceaseless “desire to transcend” toward the ideal world. Furthermore, this paper will show the author’s non-dual and inculturated religiosity when he describes himself as a “Buddhist Catholic.” Through these two novels there are more plentiful visions of diverse religious traditions for continuing interreligious dialogue and promoting harmony.

동기식 CDMA 시스템에서 다중 사용자 검출을 위한 극소화 알고리즘의 개선

황경훈,김환우 충남대학교 공업교육연구소 1997 論文集 Vol.20 No.1

본 논문에서는 동기식 CDMA 시스템에서 다원 접속 간섭을 제거하기 위해 적용되는 극소화 알고리즘을 분석한다. 분석의 결과로부터 기존의 극소화 알고리즘보다 효율적으로 간섭을 제거할 수 있는 개선된 극소화 알고리즘을 제안하고 제안된 알고리즘을 백색 가우시안 잡음채널에서 기존의 알고리즘과 비트오율 성능비교를 한다. 또한 제안된 알고리즘을 이용하여 기존의 검출방식보다 감소된 연산량과 처리 지연을 얻기 위한 세 가지의 검출방식을 제시하고 최적의 극소점을 얻기 위해 최소의 함수값을 선택하는 기존의 함수값 비교와 달리 최대 함수값에 근거한 극소점의 선택이 연산량을 감소 시킬 수 있음을 보인다. 제안된 검출방식을 최적 검출기를 포함한 여러 가지 준 최적 검출기와 비트오율 성능비교를 하고 성능비교에 의한 결과로 제안된 검출방식은 CDMA시스템의 용량을 증가 시킬 수 있음을 보인다. In this paper we analyze LMA(Local Minimization Algorithm) which is devoted to cancel MAI(Multiple Access Interference) in synchronous CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access) systems. We propose improved LMA so that it enables to remove interference component more effectively than the conventional LMA from the result of analysis and compare our proposed LMA with the conventional LMA through BER(Bit Error Rate) performance under AWGN(Additive White Gaussian Noise) channel. Using our proposed LMA, we also propose three detection schemes to obtain reduced the computational complexity and detection delay with respect to the conventional detection schemes and show that the selection of local minimum point based on the maximum function value can reduce the computational complexity in contrast to the conventional cost function comparison which selects the minimum value to get the optimized local minimum point. Our detection schemes are compared with other suboptimal detectors including the optimal detector via BER performance so that proposed detection schemes are able to increase the capacity of CDMA systems.

두가지 혈류 유발방법에 의한 새로운 심폐소생술(이중 혈류 유발 심폐소생술)장치의 개발

황성오,김현,조준휘,오범진,임종천,최경훈,윤정한,이승환,김영식,이강현,이윤선 大韓應急醫學會 1999 대한응급의학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Background: There have been many efforts to augment blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. These efforts have focused on maximizing the effect of cardiac pump or thoracic pump alone. However, considering that the heart is the biggest blood reservoir and increase of intrathoracic pressure can generate blood flow, simultaneous exploitation of both mechanisms may have synergistic effect. We hypothesized that simultaneous chest constriction in addition to sternal compression by standard CPR may have additive hemodynamic effects by preventing deformation of the chest and increase of intrathoracic pressure. Methods and results: we built a new mechanical device to perform compression and thoracic constriction simultaneously. The device consists of two main elements. Piston in the center is to depress the sternum. Strap is to constrict the thorax circumferentially. Strap is attached to both sides of the piston. When the piston is pushed down, it depresses the sternum and pulls on the thoracic strap. To determine strap width to produce optimal hemodynamic effect, we measured hemodynamic parameters with variable widths of strap in two dogs after induction of ventricular fibrillation. Result of the experiment showed that 10cm wide strap was determined to be most effective. We also determined optimal depth of compression to produce maximal hemodynamic effect with animal experiments using two dogs. Animal experiments showed that the highest aortic pressure could be generated when the stemum was depressed to 5 cm. Cardiopulmonary resusciation using a new device could generate higher systolic aortic pressure, coronary perfusion pressure and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension in comparison with standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a pilot animal study using two dogs. Conclusion: New cardiopulmonary resuscitation method using a mechanical device designed by us could perform sternal compression and simultaneous thoracic constriction, and generate better hemodynamic effects than standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pilot animal experiments.

이중혈류유발 심폐소생술이 심정지를 유발한 개의 단기 생존율에 미치는 영향

황성오,조준휘,강구현,김성환,문중범,이강현,이승환,윤정한,최경훈,홍은석 대한응급의학회 2000 대한응급의학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Background and Objectives: We previously reported that, compared with standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation(S-CPR), better hemodynamic effects could be achieved by simultaneous sterno-thoracic cardiopulmonary resuscitation(SST-CPR) in which we compressed the sternum and constricted the thorax circumferentially during the systolic period by using a device. This study was designed to assess whether SST-CPR, compared with S-CPR, improve the survival rate of dogs with cardiac arrest. Subjects and methods: Twenty-five mongrel dogs(19∼31㎏) were enrolled in this study. After four minutes of ventricular fibrillation induced by an AC current, animals were randomized to resuscitate with either S-CPR(n=13) or SST-CPR(n=12). Epinephrine(1 ㎎) was injected into the right atrium every three minutes after the beginning of CPR. Defibrillation was attempted after 6 minutes of CPR. Standard advanced cardiac life support was started if defibrillation was not successful. Results: SST-CPR resulted in significantly(p<0.001) higher systolic arterial pressure(91±47 vs 47±24 ㎜ Hg), diastolic pressure(43±24 vs 17±10 ㎜ Hg), coronary perfusion pressure(35±25 vs 13±9㎜ Hg), and end tidal CO2 tension(9±4 vs 3±2 ㎜ Hg). Two of 13 animals(15 %) resuscitated with S-CPR and six of 12 animals(50%) resuscitated with SST-CPR survived until 12 hours after cardiac arrest(p<0.05). Donclusion: SST-CPR, compared with S-CPR, improves the short-term survival rate in canine cardiac arrest.

열환경인공기후실의 설계

고경태,정성일,황병렬,박종일,김경훈 경희대학교 자연과학종합연구원 1997 자연과학논문집 Vol.3 No.-

The purpose of this study is the design of the climate chamber. Experiments was performed in a climate chamber that was running Under Floor Air-Conditioning System (UFAC). The chamber has a diffuser in the middle of the floor, and exhausts on the ceiling, simulating underfloor air conditioning system.

인공 치아우식 발생 모델에서 디지털 방사선 공제술을 이용한 인접면 치아우식증의 진단

박정훈,최용석,황의환,이기자,최삼진,박영호,김경숙,진현석,홍경원,오범석,박헌국 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2009 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.39 No.1

Purpose : The purpose of the experiment was to evaluating the diagnostic ability of dental caries detection using digital subtraction in the artificial caries activity model. Materials and Methods : Digital radiographies of five teeth with 8 proximal surfaces were obtained by CCD sensor (Kodak RVG 6100 using a size #2). The digital radiographic images and subtraction images from artificial proximal caries were examined and interpreted. In this study, we proposed novel caries detection method which could diagnose the dental proximal caries from single digital radiographic image. Results : In artificial caries activity model, the range of lesional depth was 572-1,374 μm and the range of lesional area was 36.95-138.52mm². The lesional depth and the area were significantly increased with demineralization time (p<0.001). Furthermore, the proximal caries detection using digital subtraction radiography showed high detection rate compared to the proximal caries examination using simple digital radiograph. Conclusion : The results demonstrated that the digital subtraction radiography from single radiographic image of artificial caries was highly efficient in the detection of dental caries compared to the data from simple digital radiograph.

패혈증 이후 발생한 스트레스성 심근병증 2례

김종훈,남궁준,박혜연,황철웅,박경일,도준형,이성윤,이원로 白中央醫療院 2005 仁濟醫學 Vol.26 No.1

The transient left ventricular apical ballooning syndrome, also known as takotsubo cardiomyopathy is a recently described novel cardiac syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by transient asynergy of the ventricular apex or mid-ventricle in the absence of obstructive epicardial coronay artery disease. This report concerns two types of morphologic difference about left ventricular apex and mid-ventricle. In this case, we report two types of stress-induced cardiomyopathy with review of literatures.

남성 성기자해

김상훈,문남식,황걸,박상학,김학렬,김경환 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2005 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.30 No.2

Background and Objectives: Intentional self-mutilation of the genitals in male is exceedingly rare. As the authors experienced 3 cases of male genital self-mutilation while psychotic, we investigated with psychiatric points of view including general and psychiatric characteristics of genital self-mutilation in Korea. Materials and Methods: Total 21 cases of the genital injury were obtained from the index book of Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association and the Electronic Library Search Engine. From these, excluding the 4 accident-caused cases of penile amputation, the authors investigated 17 cases in terms of general epidemiological characteristics, the type of mutilation, diagnostic classification, psychodynamics of their behavior. Results: Epidemiological data showed that the most of the genital self-mutilation cases are twenties (52.9%); most are single (64.7%). In terms of the mutilation types, complete transection of penis type were committed most frequently (72.1%). The formal diagnoses were mainly schizophrenia (82.3%) and schizoid personality disorder(11.8%). Psychodynamically, lots of cases could be explained as to punish failures in the male role (20.6%), related to religiosity (14.7%), and related to physical pain or somatic illness (14.7%). Conclusion: We are unable to say exactly what prompts a man to divest himself of his genitals. On the basis of 17 cases, we are willing to hazard several risk factors. For individuals psychotic at the time of act there seem to be at least three paradigmatic at-risk groups: (1) younger acutely psychotic men with related to cure or punish failures in the male role, (2) the men with personality disorders who act rageful feelings against themselves and/or close objects, and (3) sociocultural factors known to contribute to such an act include some complex religious belief regarding purification or resisting temptation. Psychological factors yet undetermined may be' equally important.

CO₂레이저빔에 의한 이종재질 및 이종두께의 Tailored Blank 용접에 관한 연구

이경돈,유병길,김도훈,황창선 한국레이저가공학회 1999 한국레이저가공학회지 Vol.2 No.3

This research was conducted as a fundamental study to apply tailored blank welding technique into automotive production process. The materials used in this study were 2.0mm thickness low carbon steel sheets and 1.2mm Zn-coated low carbon steel sheets. To ensure the reproducibility and to consider various factors, experiments were conducted by applying Taguchi experimental method with 6 factors. Every welding process was repeated 3 times to offset the effect of uncontrolled factors. Elongation and LDH(Limited Dome Height) were measured to evaluate formability of specimens and Optical microscopy, XRD, SEM, and EDS analysis were performed to observe the microstructures and to determine the solidification mode in the weld. The elongation of specimen welded with optimum condition was 83% of base metal, and LDH was 84% of base metal. In case of laser treated specimen where Zn coating was removed, elongation was 85% of base metal, and LDH was 85% of base metal. In fusion zone, phases were consisted of quasi-polygonal ferrite, banitic ferrite, and martensite.

심초음파로 결정된 응급 심낭천자술의 천자부위

김성환,황성오,이강현,조준휘,강구현,문중범,이승환,윤정한,최경훈,김영식 대한응급의학회 2000 대한응급의학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether the conventional subcostal approach is suitable for emergency pericardiocentesis in patients with cardiac tamponade or impending cardiac tamponade. Methods: This study was a prospective, observational study conducted at the emergency department of a tertiary hospital, Patients who had symptomatic pericardial effusion and who needed emergency pericardiocentesis in the emergency department were included in this study. We measured the epicardium-to-pericardium distance at the subcostal, parasternal, and apical area with two-dimensional echocardiography to determine the appropriate puncture site for pericardiocentesis. An epicardium-to-pericardium distance of more than 1.0 cm was considered as the primary safety factor in determining the Puncture site for pericardiocentesis. The skin-to-pericardium distance was considered as secondary safety factor. Results: Ninety-five consecutive patients(55 males and 40 females; total mean age: 53 year old) with cardiac tamponade or impending cardiac tamponade were enrolled in this study. The puncture site for pericardiocentesis, as determined by echocardiography, was the subcostal area in 43 patients(45%), the apical area in 40 patients(42%), the left parasternal area In 11 patients(12%), and the right parastemal area in one patient(1%). Pericardiocentesis failed in 2 patients(2%) with the subcostal approach and in one patient(1%) with the apical approach. The average epicardium-to-pericardium distance was 31 ±21 mm in patients with the subcostal approach and 21±8 mm in patients with other approaches. There were no differences in the amount of pericardial fluid and in the intraperical pressure among patient groups according to puncture site. There were two procedure related complications: a puncture of the right ventricle with the subcostal approach and a ventricular tachycardia with the apical approach.