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국내 다기관에서 조사한 지역사회획득 메티실린내성 황색포도알균의 빈도와 임상적 특성
송진수,최평균,송경호,조재현,김성한,방지환,이창섭,박경화,박경운,신수,최희정,김의석,김동민,이미숙,박완범,김남중,오명돈,김의종,김홍빈,최강원 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.6
목적 : 최근 전세계적으로 지역사회획득 메티실린내성 황색포도알균(community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, CA-MRSA)의 보고가 증가하고 있다. 하지만, 우리나라에서는 CA-MRSA 감염증에 대한 증례보고만 있을 뿐 아직까지 체계적인 연구결과가 없는 실정이다. 저자들은 국내에서 CA-MRSA의 빈도, 감염증의 임상적 양상, 분리된 균주의 항균제내성 양상을 조사하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2005년 1월부터 2005년 6월까지 7개 병원에서 MRSA가 분리된 환자의 명단을 파악한 후 의무기록지와 건강보험심사평가원의 자료를 검토하였다. 외래나 응급실에서 혹은 입원 후 72시간 이내에 균주가 분리되고 MRSA 획득과 관련된 위험인자가 없는 경우 CA-MRSA로 정의하였으며, 분리된 균주의 임상적 의미에 따라 원인병원체(pathogen), 집락화(colonizer), 미결정(undetermined)으로 분류하였다. Penicillin과 oxacillin을 제외하고 3개 이상의 다른 계열 항균제에 내성이면 다제내성으로 정의하였다. 결과 : 연구기간동안 총 3,251주의 황색포도알균이 분리되었으며, 이 중 MRSA는 1,900주(58.4%)였다. MRSA 가운데 CA-MRSA는 114주(6.0%) 였으며, 이들이 분리된 부위는 귀(62주), 비뇨기계(14주), 피부 및 연부조직(11주), 호흡기계(10주), 혈액(3주) 등이었다. CA-MRSA 균주 가운데 집락균은 22주, 원인병원체는 22주였으며, 나머지 균주에 대해서는 그 임상적 의미를 결정할 수 없었다. 항균제 감수성 검사를 시행한 73균주 중 47주(64.4%)는 다제내성이었다. CA-MRSA 감염증 22예 중 피부 및 연부조직 감염(9예)과 중이염/외이도염(9예)이 가장 흔하였다. 침습적 감염증(invasive infection)은 4명(원발성 균혈증 3예, 감염성 관절염 1예)에서 확인되었지만, CA-MRSA 감염증으로 사망한 환자는 없었다. 결론 : 병원내 감염증에서는 MRSA가 심각한 문제이지만, 아직까지 지역사회 감염증에서 CA-MRSA는 흔하지 않았다. Background : Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has emerged in patients who do not have the established risk factors. In Korea, little is known about the epidemiology and clinical features of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). Material and Methods : Clinical microbiology laboratory databases of 7 hospitals were reviewed to identify the patients from whom MRSA was isolated during the period of January to July 2005. Only one isolate per patient was enrolled. In order to identify the risk factors of MRSA acquisition, the medical records and the Health Insurance Review Agency databases were reviewed. CA-MRSA was defined as MRSA isolated from patient without established risk factors. We analyzed patient demographics, underlying medical conditions, characteristics of infection, and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Results : Of total 3,251 S. aureus isolates, 1900 (58.4%) were MRSAs. Of the MRSA isolates, 114 (6.0%) were CA-MRSA. Of 114 CA-MRSA isolates, 22 (19.3%) were colonizers, 22 (19.3%) were pathogens, and the clinical significance of remaining 70 (61.4%) could not be determined. Median age of the 22 patients with CA-MRSA disease was 47 years. Nine patients had skin and soft tissue infections, 9 ear infections, 3 bacteremia, 1 septic arthritis. Seven patients had underlying medical disease. None died of the CA-MRSA infections. Of the 73 isolates of CA-MRSA, 47 (64.4%) were resistant to more than 3 classes of antibiotics besides β-lactams. Conclusion : Although MRSA is highly prevalent among hospital-associated S. aureus infection, CA-MRSA infections are not common.
Eui-Suk Jung,Junseong Bang,Yong-Tae Lee,Won Ryu IEEE 2016 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONSUMER ELECTRONICS - Vol.62 No.1
<P>A set-top box (STB) increases its energy efficiency with active standby and passive standby modes. Compared to the active standby mode, the passive standby mode saves more power by turning off more STB functions, but it results in longer activation latency. For an energyefficient STB, in this paper, power saving with the passive standby is studied. The STB operates the passive standby mode when it is not in use, and the passive standby mode is switched to the active standby mode before a user turns on the STB in order to reduce the activation latency. To do that, the passive standby uses activity logs, which are represented in a bitmap form, to find a user pattern and to predict the next user activity. In the presented power saving method with the passive standby, recent activities is reflected with more weights to quickly find a new user pattern, instead of waiting until activity logs for a new user pattern are accumulated. The method is evaluated via simulations and discussed1.</P>
자발성 세균성 복막염을 일으킨 그람음성간균의 3세대 세팔로스포린 내성률 변화
방지환,송경호,박주경,박완범,김성한,김홍빈,김남중,오명돈,김의종,이효석,최강원 대한감염학회 2007 감염과 화학요법 Vol.39 No.3
The third generation cephalosporin is widely used in treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). Resistance to the third generation cephalosporin was associated with poor outcome in patients with SBP. Thus it is necessary to know the changes in resistance rate. We planned to investigate retrospectively on resistance rate of the third generation cephalosporin of gram negative bacteria isolated in patients with SBP, who visited Seoul National University Hospital between 1998 and 2006. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines were applied for antibiotic susceptibility test. A total of 269 consecutive episodes of clinically and microbiologically proven SBP was identified during the study period and 209 cases were caused by gram negative organisms. Among 209 isolates, 22 (10.5%) showed resistance to the third generation cephalosporin. The prevalence of resistance was decreasing during the study period (P=0.014).
제 1형 콜라겐 판이 전층피부결손의 창상치유에 미치는 영항
이의태,한상벽,박경찬,방사익,김석화,서활,박흥식,현원석,오태석 大韓成形外科學會 1997 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.24 No.6
Wound healing is a natural process proceeded by connective tissue deposition, epithelialization, and wound contraction. Excessive wound contraction causes postoperative scar contractures. Although full thickness skin grafts are known to inhibit wound contraction. the precise mechanism has not been determined. Up to now, dermis is thought to be the essential component of inhibition of contraction. To assess the effect of type Ⅰcollagen-the major component of dermis-upon wound contraction, we compared the wound healing of open wound with that of collagen sheet applied wound. Two full thickness skin defects were created on the back of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. After the application of a thin sheet of type Ⅰ collagen upon one defect in each rat, the area of both wounds in relation to original wound area(day 0) was serially measured at 2, 4, 6.10, and 21 days postoperatively. The difference in the mean area ratios between two groups was then compared using Wilcoxon rank sums test. In addition, we performed histological examination of serial punch biopsies taken at 2,4,6,10, and 21 days postoperatively. During the 3 weeks period, the decrease in the area of collagen sheet applied wound was greater than that of open wounds. For the first 10 days, there was a significant difference (p<0.053 or less) in the mean wound areas between the two groups and histological examination revealed the presence of continuous epithelialization between the collagen sheet and wound bed at the wound margin. By the end of three weeks, no significant difference could be found(p=0.1842)in mean wound area ratios. Thus, the application of thin type Ⅰ collagen sheet upon full thickness skin defects in rats does not inhibit wound contraction, but it promotes both wound contraction and epithelialization and results in rapid wound healing.
휴먼 컴퓨터 인터페이스를 위한 뇌파 측정 장치 성능 분석
최종석 (Choi, Jong-Suk),방재원(Bang, Jae Won),이의철(Lee, Eui Chul),박강령(Park, Kang Ryoung),황민철(Whang, Mincheol),이정년(Lee, Jung Nyun) 한국방송·미디어공학회 2011 한국방송공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.7
최근 사용자와 컴퓨터간의 상호작용이 가능한 사용자 인터페이스(UI, User Interface)에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이중 키보드나 마우스, 리모컨과 같은 별도의 입력장치가 없이 뇌의 활동으로부터 발생하는 생체신호를 이용하여 사용자의 생각만으로 컴퓨터와 커뮤니케이션을 할 수 있는 뇌만으로 컴퓨터와 커(BCI, Brain-Computer Interface) 시스템이 각광을 받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 뇌의 생체신호로는 뇌전도도(EEG, Electroencephalogram)를 사용하였으며, 이를 통하여 P300 speller 실험을 수행하였다. P300 speller 실험을 통하여 발생된 뇌전도도를 취합하여 P300(사건 관련 전위(ERP, Event-related potential)에서 자극 제시 약 300msec 후에 정점에 달하는 정파)을 분석하였다.
김현정,Sang Yeol Kim,Suk Pyo Shin,Young Joo Yang,Chang Seok Bang,백광호,김동준,함영림,Eui Yul Choi,석기태 대한내과학회 2020 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.35 No.2
Background/Aims: Enzymatic analysis of aspartate/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) does not exactly represent the progression of liver fibrosis or inflammation. Immunoassay for AST (cytoplasmic [c] AST/mitochondrial [m] AST) and ALT (ALT1/ALT2) has been suggested as one alternatives for enzymatic analysis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of immunoassay in predicting liver fibrosis and inflammation. Methods: A total of 219 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who underwent hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) and liver biopsy before antiviral therapy were recruited. Serum samples were prepared from blood during HVPG. Results of biochemical parameters including enzymatic AST/ALT and immunological assays of cAST, mAST, ALT1, and ALT2 through sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) immunoassay with fluorescence labeled monoclonal antibodies were compared with the results of METAVIR stage of live fibrosis and the Knodell grade of inflammation. Results: METAVIR fibrosis stages were as follows: F0, six (3%); F1, 52 (24%); F2, 88 (40%); F3, 45 (20%); and F4, 28 patients (13%). Mean levels of AST and ALT were 121 ± 157 and 210 ± 279 IU/L, respectively. Mean HVPG score of all patients was 4.7 ± 2.5 mmHg. According to the stage of liver fibrosis, HVPG score (p < 0.001, r = 0.439) and ALT1 level (p < 0.001, r = 0.283) were significantly increased in all samples from patients with CHB. ALT (p < 0.001, r = 0.310), ALT1 (p < 0.001, r = 0.369), and AST (p < 0.001, r = 0.374) levels were positively correlated with Knodell grade of inflammation. Conclusions: ALT1 measurement by utilizing sandwich ELISA immunoassay can be useful method for predicting inf lammation grade and fibrosis stage in patients with CHB.