일 대학병원에 입원한 노년기 양극성 장애 환자의 인구학적 및 임상적 특징

조숙현(Sook Hyun Cho),정한용(Han Yong Jung),권영준(Young Jun Kwon),이소영(So Young Lee),김양래(Yang Rae Kim),김윤정(Yun Jung Kim) 대한노인정신의학회 2006 노인정신의학 Vol.10 No.2

Objectives : As the elderly population is continuing to increase, psychiatric diseases of the elderly are becoming an important social issue. This study looks into the demographical and clinical features of the elderly patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder in a University hospital. Methods : The study subjects include patients admissioned in the closed wards of Soonchunhyang Seoul hospital and Cheonan hospital from March, 2000 to February, 2005 who met the DSM-IV-TR criteria for bipolar disorder at the time of discharge. A total of 146 patients (76 men, 70 women) medical records were studied retrospectively. Subjects older than the age of 50 at time of admission were grouped as the old age group, whereas those who were younger than 50 as the young age group. Also among the old age group, those who had the first onset of episode under the age of 50 were grouped as the early onset group, whereas those who had the first onset after the age 50 were grouped as the late onset group. Results : The number of bipolar disorder patients in the young age group and old age group were 73 and 73 respectively. The number of early onset group and late onset group were 46 and 23 respectively. The old age group had a relatively higher incidence of bipolar II disorder than the young age group. Also in the old age group there was a higher incidence of hypomanic or depressive episode rather than manic episode compared to the young age group. And in the old age group psychotic symptoms were less common and the mean admission length shorter than the young age group. Additionally in the old age group treatment with Lithium monotherapy or with no mood stabilizers at all were relatively common. Among the old age group, late onset group had a higher rate of bipolar II disorder than the early onset group. Conclusion : This study shows differences in the demographical and clinical features among different age groups. But additional research would be required to determine whether the bipolar disorders in the elderly or late onset group are actually a different type of disorder from those of the young.

항암화학요법 관련 오심과 구토 완화를 위한 비약물요법에 관한 연구동향

소향숙,최자윤,조인숙,김영재,김지영,김애숙,김옥미,김춘심,김현오,설영애,안정옥,이애리,이영자 성인간호학회 2003 성인간호학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Purpose: Purposes of this study were to understand the current trends on complementary therapy in relieving chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and to suggest the future research direction. Method: Subjects were selected on CINAHL, MEDLINE, Korean Academy Data Base from 1980 to 2001 which used nausea, vomiting, chemotherapy and complementary therapy as key words in experimental studies. Eight korean articles and twenty-one international articles were analyzed in terms of general characteristics, research methods, and types of complementary therapy. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistical methods. Result: Since 2000, researchers have more actively used complementary therapy. In subject characteristics, mean age was 35.5 years old, 45% of the researchers were performed with high level of incidence of chemotherapy induced vomiting, 14% of them set limit of consecutive cycle during research, and 65% of them did not comment the selecting criteria of sample. About 60% of them were designed post-test only control group: 35% used INV by Rhodes, 31% used Likert scale, and 24% used VAS for dependent variable. Muscle relaxation therapy was mostly applied for relief of nausea and vomiting. Conclusion: Further studies will be needed to control extrinsic variables affecting nausea and vomiting in research design and to accumulate evidence with studies applying various complementary therapies.

Original Articles : Clinical significance of occult hepatitis B virus infection in chronic hepatitis C patients

( Jae Young Jang ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Sung Ran Cheon1 ),( Sae Hwan Lee1 ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Young Koog Cheon ),( Young Seok Kim1 ),( Young Deok Cho1 ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( So Young Jin ),( Yun Soo 대한간학회 2011 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.17 No.3

Background/Aims: We investigated the frequency of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive individuals and the effects of occult HBV infection on the severity of liver disease. Methods: Seventy-one hepatitis B virus surface-antigen (HBsAg)-negative patients were divided according to their HBV serological status into groups A (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs negative; n=18), B (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs positive; n=34), and C (anti-HBc negative, anti-HBs positive/negative; n=19), and by anti-HCV positivity (anti-HCV positive; n=32 vs. anti-HCV negative; n=39). Liver biopsy samples were taken, and HBV DNA was quantified by real-time PCR. Results: Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 32.4% (23/71) of the entire cohort, and HBV DNA levels were invariably low in the different groups. Occult HBV infection was detected more frequently in the anti-HBc-positive patients. Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 28.1% (9/32) of the anti-HCV-positive and 35.9% (14/39) of the anti-HCV-negative subjects. The HCV genotype did not affect the detection rate of intrahepatic HBV DNA. In anti-HCV-positive cases, occult HBV infection did not affect liver disease severity. Conclusions: Low levels of intrahepatic HBV DNA were detected frequently in both HBsAg-negative and anti-HCV-positive cases. However, the frequency of occult HBV infection was not affected by the presence of hepatitis C, and occult HBV infection did not have a significant effect on the disease severity of hepatitis C. (Korean J Hepatol 2011;17:206-212)

초·중·고등학교 학생·학부모·일반교사의 보건교육 영역별 요구도와 보건교육

윤순녕,김영임,최정명,조희순,김영희,박영남,오경순,이분옥,조선녀,조소영,한선희,하영미 韓國學校保健學會 2005 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.18 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the needs of health education in students, their parents and teachers in the elementary, middle and high schools and the current situation of health education class. Method: The subjects of this study were a total of 9450 persons including students, their parents and teachers from 279 schools throughout the country. They were selected through convenient sampling. Data were analyzed through x^(2)­test and ANOVA. Result: Students, their parents and teachers replied that 18 dimensions of health education class (DHEC) are necessary. The four DHEC - healthier life style, sex education, mental health and safety education - showed high educational needs in students, their parents, and teacher. High school students had higher educational need of 'symptom management for daily living' than elementary and middle school students. Students, their parents and teachers in elementary school had higher educational needs of 17 DHEC that those in middle and high school. The percentages of schools with health education class taught by health teachers were 99.2%, 75.5% and 66.0% respectively in elementary, middle and high schools. Health education was given mainly using physical education classes at elementary schools, and creative class hours at middle and high schools. In general, health education took 1-3 hours per week at elementary schools, and less than an hour at middle and high schools. Conclusion: Therefore, based on the results, systematic health education class should begin from elementary school to meet the need of health education in students, their parents and teachers, and further study should be made on the number of hours required and the amount of contents of 18 DHEC.

초·중·고등학교 학생, 학부모, 일반교사의 보건교육 요구

윤순녕,김영임,최정명,조희순,김영희,박영남,오경순,이분옥,조선녀,조소영,한선희,하영미 韓國學校保健學會 2004 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.17 No.2

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify needs of health education of the students, parents, general teachers, and health teacher of the elementary, middle, and high schools. Method : 279 schools of elementary, middle, and high school were sampled nonproportionally during the period from June 28 to July 26, 2004 . The data were collected by the questionnaire from 1,888 students, 1,876 parents, 1,695 general teachers, 279 health teachers. A frequency, % and χ2-test were used to analysis by SAS program. Result : 1. It showed that 98.1% of elementary school students, 92.3% of middle school students, 89.6% of high school students answered that they need health education. The most of students, parents, and general teachers had high interests in health education. 2. In the case of students, main causes of needs of health education was 'to prevent diseases or accidents''. But parents answered that it was 'to build up a healthier behavior'. General teachers answered that it was 'more effective systematic and continuous health education'. 3. Over 80% of students, parents, and general teachers about the question of who qualified person is to teach health education as a regular class responded that health teacher is available. Especially 93% of elementary school students answered like that. 4. The most of students, parents, and general teachers answered that health education in the classroom is favorable 1 to 2 hours per week. Conclusion : As results of the study , the majority of students, parents, general teachers agreed needs of health education. Therefore, on the basis of this study, systematic and continuous health education is necessary. Additionally the establishment of independent health subject is required certainly.

간호실무에서 신봉이론(Espoused theories)에 대한 탐색적 연구

서문자,김혜숙,이은희,박영숙,조경숙,강현숙,임난영,김주현,이소우,조복희,이명하,지성애,하양숙,손영희,권성복,김희진,추진아 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1

As a nursing practice involves nurses' actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives, Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal) ; excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, account- ability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics) ; human respect. partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences. positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention. rewarding peer relationship(3 theories of situations) The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore. it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to and any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions

영어전용수업에 대한 중등 영어교사 및 학습자 인식 조사

조윤경,이소영 새한영어영문학회 2009 새한영어영문학 Vol.51 No.2

The present study has sought to investigate secondary teachers' and students' perceptions of Teaching English through English (TETE). Specifically, it examined whether and how teachers' and students' perceptions differ in terms of four major themes: its necessity, educational models, advantages and difficulties. To this end, 50 in-service teachers and 125 students at secondary schools in Busan were asked to respond to a 27-item questionnaire. The major findings from chi-square analyses are summarized as follows: (1) both the teachers and the students showed positive attitudes towards the necessity of TETE; (2) the teachers expressed lack of confidence in their English ability to implement TETE; (3) both the groups perceived TETE more suitable for teaching listening and speaking skills; and (4) both the groups felt that large class size and Korea Scholastic Aptitude Test (KSAT) are the biggest obstacles to implement TETE in secondary English classes. Finally, pedagogical implications and directions for future research are suggested.

회전원통수조 실험에서 회전속도에 따른 표류각속도

소선섭,강민구,김영은,조미순 公州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2003 自然科學硏究 Vol.10 No.-

본 논문은 Kazuo Ukaji와 Katsumi Tamaki의 논문 중 회전속도(回轉速度)와 표류각속도(漂流角速度)의 관계를 기초로 하였다. 그들에 따르면, 회전삼중수조 실험값이 수치모델값보다 열손실에 의해 약 10% 정도 작고, Ω(회전속도)값이 증가하면 ω(표류각속도)는 점차적으로 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 본 논문에서는 그것을 실험으로써 증명하고자 하였다. 온도차(∆T)를 일정하게 유지하고 회전속도를 증가시키면서 파를 관찰하였다. 그 결과, 회전속도(回轉速度)를 크게 할수록 파의 표류각속도는 점차 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 또 회전속도에 따른 표류각속도의 기울기는 온도차가 작은 경우에 기울기가 더 높게 나타났다. This essay was based on relation of the drift angular speed and angular velocity in the essay of Kazuo Ukaji and Katsumi Tamaki. According to them, because of heat loss, rotating fluid annulus experimental value is lower about 10 percent than numerical model value, we could know that ω is dwindling if Ω increases. In this essay, we observed to certify it as an experiment. We kept differences of temperature changelessly, and observed form of waves as increasing turning number of times. By the result, when we changed greatly volutions per minute, observed hat the drift angular speed of wave is dwindling. Also, by the result, we observed tilt of a drift angular speed by angular velocity, slant in case difference of temperature is low.

응급실을 통한 정신과 입원환자에 대한 임상적 고찰

소용섭,정영조,오석환 大韓神經精神醫學會 1988 신경정신의학 Vol.27 No.2

Hospital records of 127 neuropsychiatric patients admitted to Seoul Paik Hospital via the E.R. from January 1, 1984 to December 31, 1986 were reviewed, and the following results were obtained. 1) Patients admitted via the E.R. comprised 22.8% of total neuropsychiatric admissions. 2) The readmission rate of patients via E.R. was 36.2%, that of the patients admitted via the O.P.D. was 22.7% 3) The average duration of hospitalization of neuropsychiatric pateints admitted via the E.R. was 36 days that of the patients admitted via the O.P.D. was 48.3 days. 4) 32.3% of the E.R. admission patients were in their twenties ; 55.9% of them were in their twenties or thirties. Male for female ratio was 1.15 : 1 5) 22.8% of the E.R. patients were diagnosed as schizophrenic disorder ; which was the most frequent diagnosis in all patients. 6) 34.6% of the E.R. patients were discharged within 2 weeks, and 60.6%, within 1 month. 7) Presenting problems, in the order of frequency, were paralysis of numbness of extremities, somatic sysmptoms, hallucination of paranoid delusion, and anxiety or panic state. More than half of the patients presented one or more of these symptoms. 8) 36.2% of the E.R. patients were discharged against medical advice. This was higher than A.M.A. discharge rate of 26.7% of the patients admitted via the O.P.D.

장기저장 미곡의 성분 변화 특성

소규호,김영수,홍재식,정준영,조재민 한국식품영양학회 1999 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.12 No.4

미곡의 장기저장에 따른 이화학적 특성의 변화를 조사하여 효율적인 저장방법을 구명하기 위한 기초적 자료를 제공하기 위해 4년간 조곡상태의 미곡 50가마니를 상온 창고에서 저장하면서 성분 변화를 조사하였다. 고내 온도의 변화는 계절에 따라 35℃ 정도였다. 미곡의 수분함량은 저장기간 동안 15% 이상으로 증가한 적이 없어 비교적 안전하였으나 곡온이 18℃이상 유지되는 매년 6월부터 9월까지의 4개월 동안은 고내 습도의 상승과 함께 미질 저하를 일으킬 수 있는 저장 위험 기간이었다. 저장기간 중의 환원당, amylose 함량, 조단백의 변화를 조사한 결과 각각 입고시 0.24%, 19.23%, 7.02%에서 4년간 저장후 각각 0.5%, 20.31%, 7.46%로 증가하는 경향이었다. 저장미의 amylogram 특성을 조사한 결과 저장 기간이 길어짐에 따라 최고 점도, 최종 점도 및 setback은 입고시 각각 449B.U, 610B.U, 161B.U에서 4년 후 493B.U, 715B.U, 222B.U로 높아졌다. 반면에 Breakdown은 입고시 125B.U에서 4년 후 76B.U로 낮아졌다. 저장미의 호화응집성(gel consistency)은 입고시 44.7mm에서 4년후 39.9mm로 감소하였으며 지방산도는 입고시 4.5KOH㎎/100g에서 4년 저장후 각각 24.4KOH㎎/100g로 증가하였다. 배아율과 배아활성은 각각 97%, 100%에서 4년 후 각각 0%, 0.4%로 감소하였다. 한편 미곡에 착생한 미생물상의 변화를 조사한 결과 저장기간이 길어짐에 따라 세균 착생립수는 감소하고 곰팡이의 착생립수는 다소 증가하는 경향이었다. In order to investigate the changes of rice qualities during 4 years storage of paddy stored in warehouse of normal temperature condition. Temperature in warehouse was changed more than 30℃ under the influence of average temperature outside of a warehouse. Water content of paddy was not increased over 15%. But, as average temperature in wasehouse was gone up 18℃ from June to September every years, it was supposed that these periods were to be deterioration of rice quality. On investigation of change in paddy components during the long term storage, reducing sugar, amylose, crude protein were increased 0.24%, 19.23%, 7.02% at enterance time to 0.5%, 20.31%, 7.46% 4 years later, respectively. Max. viscosity, final visocity and set back value by amylograph were increased 449B.U, 610B.U, 161B.U to 493B.U, 715B.U, 222B.U but breakdown was decreased 125B.U to 76B.U with the increase of storage period. Gel consistency of rice stored was decreased 44.7mm at enterance time to 39.9mm 4 years later. Fatty acid was increased remarkably 4.5KOH㎎/100g to 24.4KOH㎎/100g. Germination ratio and germ activity of paddy during long-term storage were decreased 97%, 100% to 0%, 0.4%, respectively. With the increase of storage period, contaminated paddy by molds increased and its by bacteria decreased.