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      • SCIESCOPUSKCI등재

        ADVANCED MMIS TOWARD SUBSTANTIAL REDUCTION IN HUMAN ERRORS IN NPPS

        Seong, Poong Hyun,Kang, Hyun Gook,Na, Man Gyun,Kim, Jong Hyun,Heo, Gyunyoung,Jung, Yoensub Korean Nuclear Society 2013 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.45 No.2

        This paper aims to give an overview of the methods to inherently prevent human errors and to effectively mitigate the consequences of such errors by securing defense-in-depth during plant management through the advanced man-machine interface system (MMIS). It is needless to stress the significance of human error reduction during an accident in nuclear power plants (NPPs). Unexpected shutdowns caused by human errors not only threaten nuclear safety but also make public acceptance of nuclear power extremely lower. We have to recognize there must be the possibility of human errors occurring since humans are not essentially perfect particularly under stressful conditions. However, we have the opportunity to improve such a situation through advanced information and communication technologies on the basis of lessons learned from our experiences. As important lessons, authors explained key issues associated with automation, man-machine interface, operator support systems, and procedures. Upon this investigation, we outlined the concept and technical factors to develop advanced automation, operation and maintenance support systems, and computer-based procedures using wired/wireless technology. It should be noted that the ultimate responsibility of nuclear safety obviously belongs to humans not to machines. Therefore, safety culture including education and training, which is a kind of organizational factor, should be emphasized as well. In regard to safety culture for human error reduction, several issues that we are facing these days were described. We expect the ideas of the advanced MMIS proposed in this paper to lead in the future direction of related researches and finally supplement the safety of NPPs.

      • 톨루엔 폭로 작업자에서 Aldehyde dehydrogenase2(ALDH2)의 유전자형과 요중 마뇨산

        이강숙,노영만,박정일,허성옥 가톨릭대학 산업의학 센타 산업의학연구소 1995 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.34 No.2

        This study was conducted to evaluate the distribution and the effect to urinary hippuric acid excretion according to the polymorphism of aldehyde dehydrogenase2(ALDH2) which is major role in oxidaton of benzaldehyde to benzoic acid. For 39 workers exposed to toluene and 42 white collar workers, we extracted the DNA from venouse blood and confirmed the genotype of aldehyde dehydrogenase2 using the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and artificial created restriction site method. In workers exposed to toluene, normal (NN) type were 34 (88%) and inactive(ND) type were (12%), but in white collar workers NN type were 27(65%) and ND type were 14(33%), DD type were 1(2%). It showed the significant lower rate of inactive type of ALDH2 in workers exposed to toluene than white collar workers. The results of workplace toluene measurement were below 20ppm. For urinary hippuric acid there was not significant differnce between normal and inactive type of ALDH2. It suggested that further evaluation should be conducted in high concentration of toluene exposure group.

      • KCI등재
      • KCI등재후보

        Aldehyde dehydrogenase2(ALDH2) 유전자형이 톨루엔의 생물학적 폭로지표인 요중 마뇨산배설에 미치는 영향

        박정일,장성실,이강숙,노영만 大韓産業醫學會 1996 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.8 No.3

        We investigated toluene exposure level, urinary hippuric acid concentration, subjective symptoms and genotype of ALDH2 DNA in 134 exposed workers and 53 nonexposed workers for evaluating the effect of ALDH2 polymorphism on toluene metabolism and urinary hippuric acid concentration as biological exposure indices(BEI) of toluene. The results were as follows; 1. The percentage of inactive genotype of ALDH2 in exposed workers was lower than that of exposed(P=0.081). 2. The percentages of exposed workers with inactive genotype did not have any significant difference by the increase of toluene exposure level or work duration. 3. The frequency of drinking, monthly and maximum amount of alcohol intake in workers with normal genotype were significantly higher, than those with inactive genotype. 4. The urinary hippuric acid concentration of nonexposed workers with inactive genotype was significantly lower than that with normal genotype. Under 100 ppm of toluene, similar but statistically insignificant trends were found, while above that concentration of toluene, reverse but statistically insignificant trends were found. 5. The number of acute and chronic subjective symptoms were increased positively with the concentration of toluene in workers with normal genotype, but no such trends were found in workers with inactive genotype. 6. The result of simple linear regression between toluene and urinary hippuric acid concentration showed a very significant positive linear relation-ship. The mean hippuric acid concentration of nonoccupational exposure was 0.289±0.227(0.062-0.516)g/l. Toluene exposure level unable to discriminate with nonoccupational exposure estimated from regression equation, it range from 7.29 to 9.87 ppm. Considering above all things, it was useful to estimate the exposure level of toluene by means of analysing urinary hippuric acid concentration in both genotype workers, but the biological exposure indices(BEI) of both genotypes were different from each other. The BEI of the total exposed workers was 2.76g/l, which was lower than current criteria 3.0g/l (2.5 g/g Cr), and it also suggest that the BEI for the exposed workers in our country be lowered to the appropriate level after further study.

      • 황국균과 백국균의 대두 코지제조중 키토산의 효과

        정순택,문길만,조건식,강성국,김설희 木浦大學校 工業技術硏究所 1998 工業技術硏究誌 Vol.8 No.-

        The effect of chitosan in soybean koji preparation and characteristics of chitosan-koji were investigated. Aspergillus oryzae KCTC 6096 and Aspergillus kawachii KCCM 11458 was used for koji preparation. a-Amylase activity of soybean koji prepared with 0.25% 10cp chitosan was excellent relative to 30 cp chitosan and 1.6 times higher than non-added soybean koji. Acid and neutral protease activities of soybean koji prepared with 0.25%, 10 cp chitosan were showed simillary higher value than non-chitosna added koji. The period of koji preperation was reduced 30% by adding chitosan.

      • SCIESCOPUSKCI등재
      • 7개 대학 병원에서 조사한 지역사회 폐렴의 원인균

        정문현,김성민,강문원,최희정,정희진,이경원,한성우,송재훈,신형식,김의종,최강원,김민자,박승철,배현주,정윤섭,김준명,백경란,신완식,이규만,김양리 대한감염학회 1997 감염 Vol.29 No.5

        목 적 : 폐렴은 많이 발생하면서 사망률이 크게 줄지 않는 질환이며, 이를 적절히 치료하기 위해서는 원인균의 상대적 빈도, 기저 질환에 따른 변화, 항균제 내성률, 사망에 관련된 인자들을 알아야 한다. 원인균의 빈도는 지역마다 차이가 있고 국내에서는 항균제 내성률이 높아 지역사회에서 발생한 폐렴을 치료하기 위한 경험적 항균제 선택에 도움이 되기 위해 서울 소재 6개 대학 병원과 천안의 1개 대학 병원이 참여하여 위의 사항들에 대해 조사를 하였다. 방 법 : 1995년에 내과에 입원했던 16세 이상 환자를 대상으로 했다. 퇴원 진단명이 폐렴 또는 폐결핵인 병록지을 찾았고, 이중에서 병원 감염을 제외하였다. 특이도를 높이기 위해, 이들 중에서 호흡기 증상이 있고 발열이나 저체온이 있으면서 흉부 X-선에서 이상 음영이 있는 환자만을 대상으로 했다. 폐결핵은 위의 기준에 입원 초기에 항균제 치료를 하고 입원 7일 이후에야 항결핵제가 투여된 경우만을 폐렴의 원인균으로 하였다. 혈액 배양에서 양성, 객담에서 항상균이나 M. tuberculosis가 증명된 경우, 혈청학적으로 항체가가 4배 이상 증가된 경우, 조직에서 원인균이 진단된 경우는 확정(definitive) 원인균으로 하였고, 객담에서 배양된 균이 그람 도말과 일치할때, 항결액제에 대한 반응으로 진단한 폐결핵, 단일 항체가 양성이고 이에 대해 항균제를 사용했을 때는 가능(probable) 원인균으로 정의하였다. 다세균 감염균은 각각 다 른 원인균으로 처리하였다. 임상 조사와 함께 임상병리과에서 S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, mycoplasma, 항상균에 대해 검사 의뢰 건수, 배양 양성수, 항균제 감수성 결과를 조사하였다. 결 과 : 폐렴의 증례 정의에 부합하지 않은 135명과 폐결핵의 정의에 해당하지 않는 230명을 제외하고 남은 246명의 평균 나이는 58.2세이고 남성이 142명(58.2%) 이었고, 71%의 환자에서 기저 질환이 있었다. 진단 방법의 시행 횟수는 혈액 배양 77.6%, 혈청 검사 18.3%, 기관지경 검사는 4.1%였고, 세균의 항원 검사를 한 예는 없었다. 원인균이 밝혀진 예는 77명(31.3%)이었다. 다세균 감염이 4명에서 있었고, 원인균의 상대적 빈도는 결핵 20명(확정 17, 가능 3: 6개 병원 자료), 폐렴구균 18(확정8 가능 10)명과 폐렴구균이 아닌 Streptococcus 3명 (모두 확정), H. influenzae 11명(모두 가능), 그람음성간균 11명(확정 7, 가능 4) (K. pneumoniae 8건), Mycoplasma 5명(확정 1, 가능 4), S. aureus 4명(확정 2, 가능 2), mucormycosis 1명(확정)이었다. 평균 입원 기간은 19일이고, 중환자실 입원률과 인공 호흡기 사용율은 각각 18%와 9.3%였다. 사망률은 13.8%였고 사망까지 평균 기간은 14.6일 이었다. 다변량 분석에서 사망을 예측할 수 있는 인자는 저체온과 빈호흡이었다. 임상병리과에서 배양되었던 모든 폐렴구균의 Penicillin 내성률은 서울 3개 병원에서 82-88%, 천안에서 72%였다. 폐렴 환자의 혈액에서 배양된 7주는 모두 Penicillin에 감수성이 있었다. K. pneumoniae 8주 모두 cefotaxime과 gentamicin에 감수성을 보였다. 결 론 : 후향적 조사이고 병원마다 원인균 진단에 차이가 있지만, 원인이 밝혀진 경우에는 결핵과 폐렴균이 흔하였고, 무균 부위에서 배양된 폐렴구균의 항균제 내성률은 낮았다. 원인이 밝혀지지 않은 경우가 많고, 혈청검사로 진단되는 원인균이 드물며, 분리균주가 적어 항균제 내성 정도를 추정하기 어려워, 이를 밝히기 위한 전향적 조사가 필요하다. Background : Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity, but its management is still challenging. The limitation of diagnostic methods to identify etiologic agents rapidly make it necessary to use empiric antibiotics in almost all patients, and furthermore the discovery of new respiratory pathogens and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant organisms pose difficulties to the selection of an empiric regimen. To clarify the factors necessary for the optimal choice of empirical antibiotics, such as the frequency of etiologic agents, the attributable rates to death and antimicrobial resistance rates in the community, six university hospitals in Seoul and one university hospital in Cheonan were participating in this study. Methods : medical records of adults (>15 years of age) hospitalized for CAP or pulmonary tuberculosis between April 1995 and March 1996, were reviewed. Patients who satisfied all of the following criteria were included in the study: (1) fever or hypothermia; (2) respiratory symptoms; and (3) pulmonary infiltrates on chest roentgenogram. To exclude cases of pulmonary tuberculosis whose roentgenographic features were so typical that it could be easily differentiated from conventional pneumonia, two additional criteria were required for inclusion: antibiotic treatment during the first week of hospital admission and initiation of anti-tuberculosis medications thereafter. Organisms isolated from sterile body sites, acid-fast bacilli or Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from sputum, pathogens diagnosed by a 4-fold rising titer of antibodies to “atypical”pathogens, or pathogens revealed by histopathology were defined as definitive cause of pneumonia; isolates from sputum withcompatible Gram stain, pathogens diagnosed by a single diagnostic titer plus use of a specific antimicrobial agent, or tuberculosis diagnosed by clinucal response to anti- tuberculosis medications were considered probable cause of pneumonia. The records of the clinical microbiology were reviewed for isolates of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, Mycobacterium or acid-fast bacilli, and Mycoplasma. Then the frequency of these agents, antimicrobial resistance rates of resiratory pathogens from all body sites, and their clinical significance were evaluated. Results: After excluding 365 patients (230 with pulmonary tuberculosis and 135 with CAP) who were screened for inclusion but did not meet the inclusion criteria,246 persons were enrolled in this study. Their mean age was 58.2 years old with slight male predominance (58.2%), and 171(71%) patients had underlying illnesses. Blood cultures were performed on 191 (77.6%) patients and serologic tests on 44(18.3%) patients. The etiologic agents were identified in 31.3%, and the list of individual agents, in decreasing order, was pulmonary tuberculosis (17 definite and 3 probable: data of six hospitals), S. pneumoniae (8 definite and 10 probable), non-pneumococci (3 definite), aerobic gram-negative bacilli (7 definite and 4 probable), Haemophilus spp. (11 probable), mycoplasma (1 definite and 4 probable), polymicrobial infections (2 definite and 2 probable: E. coli and S. agalactiae, M. tuberculosis and S. aureus, S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae and A. baumannii and K. pneumonias), S. aureus (2 definite and 2 probable) , and mucormycosis (1 definite). Among gram-negative bacilli, K. pneumoniae was the most common agent (8isolates). therates of admission to the intensive care unitand of using assisted ventilation were 18% and 9.3%, respectively. The mortality was 13.8% and logistic regression analysis showed that hypothermia and tachypnea were associated with death. Hospital stay averaged 19 days. Susceptible rates of S. pneumoniae isolated from all body sites to penicillin ranged from 8% to 28% but seven isolated from blood of patients with pneumonia were susceptible to penicillin. Also all 8 isolated of k> pneumoniae from patients with pneumonia were susceptible to cefotaxime and gentamicin. Conclusion: In Korea, in addition to S. pneumoniae, M. tuberculosis is an important agent causing community-acquired pneumonia. The low incidence of etiologic diagnosis is probably related to infrequent requesting of test "atypical" pathogens and does not represent the true incidence of infections by "atypical" pathogens, which well be answered by a prospective study. The antimicrobial resistance rates of major respiratory pathogens from sterile body sites are low, however, because of a small number of the isolates this result needs confirmation by a nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial resistance.

      • 홍국균의 최적배양조건에 관한 연구

        정순택,임종환,박양균,황금택,박현진,안찬영,강성국,문길만 木浦大學校 工業技術硏究所 1994 工業技術硏究誌 Vol.4 No.-

        Cell growth and pigment productivity of Monascus anka KCCM 11832 and Monascus sp. has isolated from the Korean Maeju(soybean koji) were determined for effect of culture medium composition and incubation conditions. Increase of NH₄NO₃, and KH₂PO₄ concentration as mineral source promoted mycelium growth, and the highest cell growth was showed in the medium with 0.05% KH₂PO₄ when C/N ratio is 20:1, but pigment production was significantly inhibited at higher concentration than this level. Cell growth and pigment production in porato dextrose medium were higher than those in czapeck-dox broth and malt extract medium. In terms of temperature, the highest cell growth was showed at 34℃, but pigment productivity was the highest at 26℃.

      • Lateral Control of an UCT(Unmanned Container Transporter) Using Ultrasonic Satellite System and System Identification

        Seong Man Yoon,Kil Soo Lee,Su Yong Kim,Ji Hoon Kang,Man Hyung Lee 제어로봇시스템학회 2008 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.10

        In this paper, which is one of the part of the development for the automation system in the port distribution process, covers the UCT(Unmanned Container Transporter). Local detection system and lateral control are proposed on this paper as two practical ways for the UCT management. Local detection system based on pseudo-satellite was used to be able to detect the space coordinates and the absolute location with four ultrasonic transmitters and two receivers. Using this system we get the lateral dynamic model of an UCT by using system identification methods and design a lateral controller. The system input is the steering wheel angle of the vehicle with constant speed and the output is the yaw of the vehicle. With system identification for a basis, to achieve a control objective, we design a PID controller using the model equation.

      • SCOPUSSCIEKCI등재

        Stent-Assisted Coil Embolization for the Proximal Middle Cerebral Artery Fusiform Aneurysm

        Jeong, Seong-Man,Kang, Shin-Hyuk,Lee, Nam-Joon,Lim, Dong-Jun The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2010 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.47 No.5

        Middle cerebral artery (MCA) fusiform aneurysms often have an unfavorable geometry that may limit surgical or endovascular treatment. Herein, we present a case of a fusiform aneurysm of the proximal MCA, which was successfully treated using stent-assisted coil embolization. A 42-year-old man presented with repeated headache and syncope. Five years earlier, a right MCA aneurysm had been treated by aneurismal wrapping. Magnetic resonance images (MRI) revealed a partially-thrombosed proximal MCA aneurysm at the right perisylvian region. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) revealed a multilobulated fusiform-shaped aneurysm. The patient underwent stent-assisted coil embolization under general anesthesia and symptoms resolved postoperatively. A three-month follow-up angiography revealed no recanalization of the aneurysm and indicated tolerable blood flow through the right MCA, as compared to the preoperative angiography. We suggest that in selected patients, stent-assisted coil embolization of proximal MCA fusiform aneurysms can be an effective treatment modality.

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