<기리시탄슈몬라이초짓키>의 연구 - 문학적 창작요소를 중심으로 -

강성국 한국외국어대학교 일본연구소 2024 日本硏究 Vol.0 No.99

Although Kirishitanshūmon Raichōjikki claims to be a historical record, as can be seen from the word ‘Jikki’(that is, true story), there are many details that differ from historical truth. In this article, we will focus on the literary aspect of Raichōjikki and examine what creative elements were added to the parts of the work's episodes that differ from historical facts, and what effect these had. Through this research, the creative attempts in Raichōjikki were revealed as follows. First of all, this work develops the story by setting ‘Nobunaga’ and ‘Urugan’ as the central figures in the early days of Christian missionary work. In other words, by choosing the person most likely to be interested as the main character, the level of understanding and immersion for general readers is increased. Second, the episode in which the Great King of ‘Nanbankoku’ (that is, Europe) dispatches Urugan to invade Japan is created as a scene that would appear in popular Chinese novels such as Journey to the West. It can be understood as an attempt to stimulate readers’ curiosity and interest by exploiting the prejudice that “Christians do magic.” Third, the story in which Nobunaga forges the Shogun’s message and brings Urugan to Kyoto attracts the reader's interest by emphasizing Nobunaga’s evil nature. Since Kirishitanshūmon Raichōjikki claims to be a historical record from its title, it is not free from criticism that it is “worthless as a historical material.” However, if such a title is accepted as literary, it would be possible to evaluate it more positively as a piece of popular literature.

역비례의 모순: 저작권과 창작자의 대가, 음원사용료에 대한 단상

강성국 문화과학사 2012 문화과학 Vol.- No.72

발효조를 이용한 Monascus anka의 적색소와 황색소의 생산

강성국,임종환,정순택,김선재 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.6

Monascus anka를 이용하여 천연식용색소를 대량생산하기 위한 방법을 개발하기 위하여 발효조를 이용하여 적색소와 황색소의 색소생산의 최적 배양 조건과 생산된 색소의 색깔 특성을 조사하였다. Monascus anka 적색소와 황색소를 생산하였는데, 이들 색소는 균체내색소와 균체외 색소로 구분되었다. 균체의 적색소(ERP)는 494nm에서, 균체외 황색소(EYP)는 380nm에서, 균체내 적색소(IRP)는 506nm에서 그리고 균체내 황색소(IYP)는 388nm에서 최대 흡광도를 나타냈다. 적색소와 황색소 생산, 색조의 특성 및 균체증식력을 배양 온도, pH, 쌀가루 농도, peptone 농도, magnesium sulfate 농도, 통기량 및 교반속도에 대하여 조사한 결과 적색소 생산력은 30℃, 초기 pH 6.0, 쌀가루 농도 3~5%, peptone 농도 0.05%, magnesium sulfate 농도 0.25%, 통기량 0.1vvm 교반속도 300rpm의 조건에서 최대치를 보였으며, 이때 ERP, EYP, IRP 및 IYP는 각각 A_494nm 0.84, A_380 nm 0.71, A_506 nm 1.18, A_388 nm 1.10, L값은 각각 29.40, 6.44, 34,98, 8.94, a값은 각각 5.76, -1.08, 11.83, -1.55, b값은 각각 18-19, 3.41 27.26, 6.16 그리고 균체량은 7.4 g/l을 보였다. 또한 황색소 생산력은 온도의 경우 적색소 생산을 위한 최적온도 보다 높은 35℃ 부근에서 우수하였으며 초기 pH와 쌀가루 농도는 적색소 생산을 위한 최적조건과 같았고, 질소원과 무기염의 농도가 높을수록 그리고 통기량이 많을수록 황색소 생산력이 우수하였다. 적색소와 황색소 생산을 위한 발효조의 교반속도는 100~300 rpm이 적합하였다. Production of Red and Yellow Pigments from Monascus anda in a Jar Fermenter, Seong-Gook Kang, Jong-Whan Rhim, Soon-Teck Jung^* and Sun-Jae Kim. Department of Food Engineering. Mokpo National University Chonnam, 534-729, Korea - In order to develop the method for mass production of natural food colorant from Monascus anka, optimum cultivation conditions for producing red and yellow pigments by cultivating the mold in a jar fermenter and their color characteristics were investigated. The mold produced red and yellow pigments both intracellularly and extracellularly. These pigments showed unique light absorption characteristics with maximum absorption of 494, 380, 506, and 388 nm for extracellular red pigment (ERP), extracellular yellow pigment (EYP), intracellular red pigment (IRP), and intracellular yellow pigment (IYP), respectively. Optimum conditions for producing red pigments were found to be temperature 30℃, initial pH 6.0, rice powder 3~5%, peptone 0.05%, magnesium sulfate 0.25%, aeration rate 0.1vvm. Optimum temperature for producing yellow pigments was around 35℃ which is higher than that of producing red pigments. The initial pH rice powder concentration for producing yellow pigments were the same as those of producing red pigments. The higher concentration of nitrogen source and inorganic salt, aeration rate, the more the yellow pigments were produced. Them optimum agitation speed was 100~300 rpm for pigment production.

특별강연 : 무화과의 유용성분 및 식초 발효

강성국 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2008 한국식품저장유통학회 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.-

배야서의 문학적 재평가 ―『기리시탄모노가타리(吉利支丹物語)』를 중심으로 ―

강성국 한국일어일문학회 2022 日語日文學硏究 Vol.120 No.-

The Anti-Christian works, which was established to condemn Christianity and spread anti-Christian ideas, has mainly been studied from an ideological or historical perspective, and few studies have been conducted to evaluate and consider it from the literary point of view. However, 'Anti-Christian books in the form of stories' that appeared, starting with Kirishitan Monogatari, are works that are based on historical facts and contain the author's creativity. Accordingly, an attempt was made to evaluate the anti-Christian book as a literary work by examining the composition and content of Kirishitan Monogatari. Kirishitan Monogatari, written in 1639 by an unknown author, is an anti-Christian book written in the form of a story with the purpose of suppressing the spread of Christianity among the people. Kirishitan Monogatari describes the spread of Christianity in Japan, and the process of propagation and persecution in 13 stories. In terms of content, the 13 anecdotes are divided into three parts: 1)∼3) 'The transmission and spread of Christianity' 4)∼8) 'Conversion to persecution and its factors', 9)∼13) 'History of persecution' The sixth anecdote deals with the religious dispute between the Christian evangelist (Iruman) 'Habian' and the Buddhist monk 'Hakuō-Kozi', both of whom are characters extracted from the ambivalence of the historically existent 'Fukansai Habian'. Such active creation can be recognized as the author's literary activity, and it can be said that it is an example of the possibility of literary research of anti-Christian books キリスト教を排撃し、反キリスト教的思想を流布するために成立した排耶書は、 主に思想史的かつ歴史的な側面においてのみ考察されており、文学的側面においてそれを考察し評価する研究はほぼ為されてこなかった。ところで、『吉利支丹物 語』を筆頭にして登場した「キリシタン俗書」類は史実を基盤にしながらも著者の 文学的営為が認められる作品群である。そこで、筆者は『吉利支丹物語』の内容に おける、史実との一致点と相違点を考察し、そこから著者の文学的創作性が認めら れるところを分析した。 『吉利支丹物語』は1639年(寛永16年)の作者未詳の著述で、キリスト教の民衆に おける拡散を抑制するために、分かりやすい物語形式で書かれた排耶書である。同 書は日本におけるキリスト教の伝来と布教、迫害されていく経緯などを十三の逸話 で展開している。内容から13の逸話を三つの部分に分けると、1から3は「キリスト 教の伝来と拡散の契機」、4から8は「迫害への転換の課程とその要因」、9から13 は「迫害の歴史」として規定することができる。 この中で、6番目の逸話は、キリシタン側の伝道者(イルマン)ハビアンと、仏 僧の伯翁居士との宗教論争を取り上げているが、この二人は共に、歴史的に実在し た不干斎ハビアン(1565∼1621)をモデルとして作られたキャラクターである。この ようなキャラクターの創造および配置は、物語全体の構成と流れを考慮して為され たものと考えられる。このような積極的な作為は著者の文学的な営為として認める ことができ、排耶書における文学的な評価の可能性を示す例と言える。

가상교육연수의 제도적 기반구축 연구

강성국,고형주,김성식 한국정보교육학회 1999 정보교육학회논문지 Vol.3 No.1

[P3-72] 수산물과 표고를 이용한 분말 조미료 및 액상조미료 제품의 개발

강성국,박난희,김보섭,오명심,오솔,고두옥,한미영,이정뢰 한국식품영양과학회 2010 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2010 No.10

메이지기의 기독교배격서 『耶蘇一代弁妄記』의 집필의도 및 原典의 수용양식 고찰—『Peter Parley’s universal history』, 『五洲紀事 』와의 비교를 중심으로—

강성국 한국외국어대학교 일본연구소 2018 日本硏究 Vol.0 No.78

“Yaso Itsidai Benmōki”, published in 1874, written by Tajima Shōji, summarizes the main anecdotes of the Bible, inclucing sentences of refutation in some places. The purpose of this book was to prevent the general public from devoting to Christianity. The preface of “Yaso Itsidai Benmōki” is a statement of refutation against the column “Memorial Addressed to the Tenno” on May 18, 1872, the Japan Weekly Mail, an English newspaper in the Meiji Era. This preface is a Japanese translation of what was written by an anonymous Westerner who claimed himself as a follower of the Church of England. Such a record of controversy is a case that shows that Japan, at the time of 1872, had been criticized by critics from the West for the prohibition of Christianity. At the same time, this material is also an example of a Westerner who believed that Western nations should not impose Christian faith on Japan. In this paper, we also compared the texts of “Yaso Itsidai Benmōki” and “Peter Parley’s universal history” and “Goshū Kiji”. Through this work, it was possible to confirm that, by quoting the “Peter Parley’s universal history”, the “Yaso Itsidai Benmōki” refers to the “Goshū Kiji”, which is the Japanese translation of the “Peter Parley’s universal history.” In addition, the authors of the “Yaso Itsidai Benmōki” wrote about the contents of the “Peter Parley’s universal history”, omitting complicated geographical matters, and adding emotional expressions as in the form of popular novels. This is assumed because the book is intended to be read easily even by women and children, as described in the legend of the “Yaso Itsidai Benmōki”. It was also possible to confirm that this kind of trial was sometimes the cause of the distortion of the original content. 田島象二著『耶蘇一代弁妄記』(1874年)は、聖書の主要な逸話を通俗小説風に要約し、ところどころ著者自身の弁駁の文を挿入した本で、一般大衆がキリスト教に帰依することを防ぐために書かれたものである。本書は1870年代当時日本の、キリスト教を巡った談論や聖書関連知識の流布状況を垣間見せるという点において興味深い。 『耶蘇一代弁妄記』はその序文として、某西洋人の文章の翻訳を載せているが、これは明治時代の英字新聞であるジャパンウィークリーメールの1872年5月18日付コラム「天皇に奏する擬状(Memorial Addressed to the Tenno)」に対する論駁の文である。「擬状」の著者は、キリスト教への禁制を撤回してくれるよう天皇に訴えており、序文の著者は、このような主張の論理における矛盾を指摘し、日本への布教活動を批判している。このような論争の記録は、1872年当時の日本がキリスト教禁制をめぐって西洋人からの批判の声を浴びていたことを如実に見せる事例であり、なお西洋人のなかにも、日本に対する無理な宣教を批判する声があったことを知らせる例としても意義がある。 本論文ではまた『耶蘇一代弁妄記』と『パーレー万国史』 『五洲紀事』との本文の比較を行った。この作業を通して『耶蘇一代弁妄記』が『パーレー万国史』を引用するに当たって、その邦訳書である『五洲紀事』をも参照したことを確認することができた。また『耶蘇一代弁妄記』の著者は凡例において婦女と子供でもたやすく読めるような本を書くことを趣旨とすると述べていたが、このような趣旨に従って、本文において複雑な地理的な事項を省略し、通俗小説風の感情表現などを追加していることを明らかにした。なおこのような試みは時に、原典の内容の曲解をまねく原因ともなっていることを指摘した。

영광ㆍ고창지역 천일염 품질등급화를 위한 품질지표 설정에 관한 연구

강성국,오명심,김보섭,고두옥,박난희,조정용,함경식 한국식품영양과학회 2011 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2011 No.10

컴퓨터교육 전문검색엔진을 이용한 체계적 개념학습모형 설계

강성국,이영현,김성식 한국스쿨넷학회 2000 학술발표 논문집 Vol.2000 No.1