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장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4
Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.
이광진,도상수 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1984 충남의대잡지 Vol.11 No.2
Early mobilization and rehabilitation are most important in the treatment of unstable cervical fracture and fracture-dislocation after stabilization of cervical spine. Clinical analysis was performed on 31 cases of cervical spine injuries admitted in Choongnam National University Hospital from 1976 to 1984. Following results were obtained. 1. The prevalent age distribution was between 21 and 50 year-old age and male was predominant(84%) and the most common cause of injuries was fall down from height. 2. The most common site of injuries was C_5-6(47%) and the most frequent mechanism of jnjuries was flexion-rotation(47%). 3. Neurological involvement was 81%, incomplete paralysis 40%, complete paralysis 32%. 4. Conservative treatment was done on 24 cases(77%) and operative treatment, posterior fusion with poterior wiring following with halo or braces was performed on 7 cases(33%). 5. In the treatment of unstable cervical spine injury, early reduction followed by rigid stabilization is valuable method of treatment 6. We thought that foundation of special treatment center for spine injury is urgent.
Propylene의 氣相重合反應에서 反應因子들이 反應速度 및 立體規則性에 미치는 影響에 관한 硏究
이태형,임상윤,정석진 慶熙大學校 材料科學技術硏究所 1992 材料科學技術硏究論集 Vol.5 No.-
In order to investigate the effects of reaction factors on reaction rate, catalytic yield and stereospecific properties of polypropylene, commercial MgCl_(2) supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst was used. In the effects of reaction temperature, the polymerization rate was increased as increasing of reaction temperature until 60℃, but decreased above 60℃. This was considered as the active site of catalyst was deactivated by decomposition of transition metal-organic compound ligand at higher temperature (≥60℃) It was found that the relation between reaction pressure and catalytic yield was linear, and could derived the equation of catalytic yield with regard to reaction pressure. In the effects of cocatalyst concentration, the more cocatalyst amount, the faster polymerization rate. But reaction rate was decreased above Al/Ti mole ratio = 50. This was considered as the excess cocatalysts were adsorbed on the catalyst active sites in competition with monomers and/or reacted as a chain transfer agent which quenches the polymerization. In the effects of reaction factors on stereospecific properties, the isotactic index of polymer was increased according to temperature and has a maximum valve at 50℃. The effect of reaction pressure on isotacticity was not severe. It was commonly known that the isotactic index of polypropylene is decreased as increasing of cocatalyst concentration because the atactic site activation is increased with increasing of Al/Ti mole ratio. The electron donor(EB) was incorporated for increasing of isotactic index of polypropylene, but the more electron donor, the lower isotactic index. This was considered of isotactic site poisoning by excess electron donor.
SWS 490A 강의 용접 열영향부 음향방출 특성에 대한 연구(1)
이장규,우창기,박성완,윤종희,조진호,김봉각,구영덕 한국공작기계학회 2004 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.13 No.4
The object of this study is to investigate the effect of compounded welding through the AE(Acoustic Emission) characteristics for weld HAZ(Heat Affected Zone) under the static tensile test. This study was carried out an SWS 490A, high tension steel for electric shield metal arc welding(SMAW), CO₂gas arc welding and TIG welding. Data displays are based on the measured parameters of the AE signals, along with environmental variables such as time and load. The accumulated AE event curve of HAZ definitely have the point of inflection subject to tensile test. The results of the tensile test of HAZ come out electric shield arc welding > CO₂ gas arc welding >TIG welding in case of single welding, but generally the tensile test of HAZ come out electric shield arc welding > TIG welding > CO₂ gas arc welding. These history plots give us useful and powerful information to analyze the results of material evaluation testing.
음향방출 신호를 이용한 SWS 490A 고장력강의 접합성 평가에 대한 실험적 연구
이장규,우창기,윤종희,조진호,조대희,박성완,김봉각,구영덕 한국공작기계학회 2004 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2004 No.-
The object of this study is to investigate the effect of joinability by using acoustic emission (AE) signals and doing a pattern recognition for weld heat affected zone (HAZ) in tensile testing. This study was carried out an SWS 490A high tension steel for electric shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), CO₂ gas arc welding and TIG welding. And correspondingly, the root openings are 3, 4 and 2.8㎜. The results of the tensile test of weld HAZ come out electric shield arc welding > CO₂ gas arc welding > TIG welding in case of single welding. It is believed that this is a phenomenon where difference of its root opening or base metal thickness. Also, the technique of AE is ideally suited to study variables which control time and stress dependent fracture or damage process in metallic materials.
수압보증시험시의 음향방출에 의한 복합재 연소관의 파괴거동 예측
이상호,김호철,오치환,송성진,정현조,임수용 韓國非破壞檢査學會 1998 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.18 No.2
섬유강화 복합제 연고관은 복합재료의 사용, 필라멘트 와인딩 및 경화공정 등으로 인하여 제작 중 다양한 결함이 발생할 수 있으며, 또한 사용 도중에도 예기치 않은 손상을 받아 기계적 성질이 저하될 수 있다. 따라서 제작 완료된 연소관의 품질 보증을 위해 수압보증시험이 사용되고 있으나 이를 위해 가한 수압이 오히려 연소관에 예기치 않은 손상을 가하여 실제 사용시 그 성능을 저하시키는 요인으로 작용하는 경우도 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 연구에서는 수압보증시험시의 음향방축을 감지하여, 그 신호의 특성으로부터 복합제 연소관의 파손 거동을 예측하는 체계적인 기법의 개발을 시도하였다. 음향방출을 이용하여 연소관에 발생한 손상의 개략적 위치를 결정할 수 있었으며, 또한 파괴모드의 식별도 가능하였다. 다만, 시료의 부족으로 최종파열압력의 변화와 충격손상의 영향에 대한 신뢰성있는 분석은 불가능하였다. Prediction of failure behavior in filament-wound composite motor cases is one of the important issues for their reliable application. Acoustic emission during hydroproof testing of the cases is used to solve this problem. Based on the acoustic emission behavior, failure sites can be located successfully. The identification of failure modes is also possible using the distribution of acoustic emission amplitude. Due to the limitation in the number of samples, it is not possible to predict the final burst pressure of motor cases and the effect of impact damage on the final burst pressure.