멀리서 읽는 “우리” ― Word2Vec, N-gram을 이용한 근대 소설 텍스트 분석

徐在玄 ( Seo¸ Jae-hyun ),金炳俊 ( Kim¸ Byung-jun ),金民雨 ( Kim¸ Min-woo ),朴素晶 ( Park¸ So-jeong ) 성균관대학교 대동문화연구원 2021 大東文化硏究 Vol.115 No.-

우리말 표현 ‘우리’를 설명하고자 하는 논의는 최근까지 이어져 왔지만 각각의 결론에 도달했을 뿐, 포괄적인 설명을 내놓지 못한 채 고착에 빠져있다. 본 논문에서는 멀리서 읽기(distant reading)로 통칭되는 정량적 연구방법론을 적용함으로써 이 상황을 벗어날 새로운 방향을 모색하고자 한다. 본 연구에서 분석 대상으로 삼는 1900년대 초반부터 한국전쟁 이전까지의 신소설로부터 해방기에 이르는 소설 텍스트 자료들은 통시적 관찰을 가능하게 할 뿐 아니라 한문과 한글, 문어와 구어의 경계에 서서 우리다운 표현에 대한 고민이 축적된 지적 산물이라는 점에서 의의를 가진다. 이 텍스트를 수집하고 정제한 말뭉치를 대상으로 기계학습을 활용한 디지털 방법론(Word2Vec분석 및 N-gram분석)을 적용해나가는 과정을 통해 인간의 눈에 의해 포착되지 못한 새로운 통찰에 대한 가능성을 확인하고자 한다. 이를 통해 얻은 문제의식을 바탕으로 가까이 읽기와 멀리서 읽기를 상호보완적으로 병행함으로써 얻은 풍부한 사례들을 토대로 ‘우리’연구에 새로운 방향을 제시하려고 한다. Although it has taken quite a long time to discuss the Korean term ‘Uri’ until recent days, it is still in a stalemate without a clear explanation. Through applying quantitative research methodology so-called ‘Distant Reading’, this paper explores the new way to solve the problem. While covering the preceding researches, the research targets to improve the quality and amount of the data, and to apply data analysis using machine learning methodology(Word2Vec and N-gram) to overcome the bias and highlight the unexcavated usages of ‘Uri’. It can be said that the corpus of modern Korean novels is an accumulated intellectual source that is recorded by the literate stratum (of Korean society) since they had struggled to devise the proper term over time. Through the series of each process(collecting and parsing the data, analyzing the corpus with machine learning methodology) the researcher would capture the unseen insights. In the end, it is expected that ‘Close reading’ would use jointly as a cooperative methodology with ‘Distant reading’ collinearly.

오메프라졸과 베타-시클로덱스트린과의 포접화합물 형성에 따른 특성

소재일,이창현,이계주 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 1991 藥學論文集 Vol.7 No.-

To increase the stability and bioavailability of Omeprazole(OMP), which is used newly as a proton-pump inhibitor, inclusion complex of OMP with β-cyclodextrin(β-CD) was prepared by coprecipitation method and its characteristics were ascertained by means of solubility test, DSC, IR, and the accelerated stability analysis. The type of OMP inclusion complex is classified as Bs-type on phase solubility diagram, and the stoichiometric ratio of OMP: β-CD complex is 1:2 and formation constant is 80.82/mole. The solubility of the complex could be increased remarkably by complexation compare with OMP. Degradation process of both OMP and OMP complex followed apparent first-order kinetics, of which degradation rate constants and activation energies are k_25=8.1×10^(-4)/day, E_a=22 Kcal/mole (OMP), and k_25=4.65×10^(-6)/day, E_a=35 Kcal/mole (complex), respectively. These results show the increase of the stability and solubility of OMP markedly, therefore it is believed that the improvement of stabilization for OMP by inclusion complexation might be practically available.

미성숙영구치의 복합항생제 적용에 의한 변색의 처치: 증례보고

박소연,김영재,김정욱,장기택,이상훈,김종철,한세현,현홍근 大韓小兒齒科學會 2012 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.39 No.1

The concept of revascularization of necrotic pulps regained interest and became an alternative conservative treatment option for young permanent teeth with immature roots. Revascularization of immature teeth with apical periodontitis depends mainly on disinfection of the canal. Since the infection of the root canal system is considered to be polymicrobial, a combination of drugs would be needed to treat the diverse flora. A triple antibiotic mixture of metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocycline was used as an intracanal medicament. However, discoloration was developed after applying the triple antibiotic mixture. It is believed that the marked discoloration is related to the use of minocycline. The aim of this article was to present cases of coronal discoloration after triple antibiotic therapy in immature tooth and was treated with bleaching technique to control coronal discoloration. In conclusion, revascularization by using triple antibiotics promotes a paradigm shift in treating endodontically involved permanent teeth. However, we should understand that triple antibiotics containing minocycline induces tooth discoloration. Further research to prevent coronal discoloration should be investigated and suggested for the safe use of triple antibiotics. 괴사된 미성숙영구치의 치수치료에 있어서 치수의 재혈관화를 통해 치근단 발육 및 치근형성을 지속하려는 개념이 소개됨 으로써 현재 미성숙영구치의 치수치료의 대안으로 제시되고 있다. 이러한 치근단 염증을 가진 미성숙 영구치의 재혈관화를 위해서는 가장 중요한 것이 근관내 감염된 부분을 확실히 제거하는 살균(disinfection)이다. 근관 내 감염은 여러 세균의 복 합작용으로 일어나기 때문에 철저한 살균에 사용되는 약제의 조합은 다양한 범위의 균주를 모두 제거 가능해야한다. Metronidazole(MN), ciprofloxacin(CF), minocycline(MC)의 세 가지 복합항생제가 약제로 사용되고 있으나 이 복합항생 제 적용 후 치관변색을 일으키는 사례가 보고되고 있다. 이러한 치관변색은 항생제의 성분 중 MC에 의한 것으로 여겨지고 있으며, 본 증례에서는 복합항생제 적용에 의해 야기된 치관변색의 증례를 소개하고 이를 표백술로 처치하여 최종 수복한 증 례를 보고하였다. 복합항생제 적용을 통해 미성숙영구치의 치수치료에 새로운 패러다임을 제시한 것은 분명하지만 치관변색 등의 부작용이 있음을 인지하고 치관변색을 사전에 예방하고 최소화하기 위해 다양한 방법이 강구되어야 할 것이다.

항암화학요법 관련 오심과 구토 완화를 위한 비약물요법에 관한 연구동향

소향숙,최자윤,조인숙,김영재,김지영,김애숙,김옥미,김춘심,김현오,설영애,안정옥,이애리,이영자 성인간호학회 2003 성인간호학회지 Vol.15 No.3

Purpose: Purposes of this study were to understand the current trends on complementary therapy in relieving chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and to suggest the future research direction. Method: Subjects were selected on CINAHL, MEDLINE, Korean Academy Data Base from 1980 to 2001 which used nausea, vomiting, chemotherapy and complementary therapy as key words in experimental studies. Eight korean articles and twenty-one international articles were analyzed in terms of general characteristics, research methods, and types of complementary therapy. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistical methods. Result: Since 2000, researchers have more actively used complementary therapy. In subject characteristics, mean age was 35.5 years old, 45% of the researchers were performed with high level of incidence of chemotherapy induced vomiting, 14% of them set limit of consecutive cycle during research, and 65% of them did not comment the selecting criteria of sample. About 60% of them were designed post-test only control group: 35% used INV by Rhodes, 31% used Likert scale, and 24% used VAS for dependent variable. Muscle relaxation therapy was mostly applied for relief of nausea and vomiting. Conclusion: Further studies will be needed to control extrinsic variables affecting nausea and vomiting in research design and to accumulate evidence with studies applying various complementary therapies.

일차배양된 설치류 호흡기 상피세포로부터의 점액소 분비에 대한 수종 약물의 영향

이충재,석정호,이재흔,허강민,박지선,배소현,노삼길,박상철 충남대학교 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.2

1. PKC activator인 PMA는 일차배양 HTSE세포로부터의 뮤신분비를 0.1μM 농도에서 30%, 1μM 농도에서 80% 가량 증가시켰다. 2. 식물 유래 성분으로, flavonoid의 일종인 TFR은 일치배양 HTSE 세포로부터의 뮤신분비를 10μM 농도에서 50%, 100μM 농도에서 80% 가량 증가시켰다. 3. 양이온성 폴리펩티드인 PLL 및 PLA는 일차 배양 HTSE 세포로부터의 뮤신분비를 0.01 - 10μM 농도에서 용량의존적으로 감소시켰다. 4. 결론적으로, 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과들은 새로운 거담제 및 점액용해제나 단백분해 효소제가 아닌 호흡기 류신의 생성/분비를 조절해 줄 수 있는 신개념의 약물을 개발함에 있어 극히 일부분이나마 단서를 제공하고 있다고 하루 수 있을 것이다. In the present study, we tried to investigate whether phorbol myristate acetate(PMA), trihydroxymethoxy-flavanone rutinoside(TFR) and cationic polypeptides significantly affect mucin release(secretion) from cultured hamster tracheal surface epithelial cells. Confluent primary hamster tracheal surface epithelial (HTSE) cells were metabolically radiolabeled with 3H-glucosamine for 24 hr and chased for 30 min in the presence of each agent to assess the effect on 3H-mucin release. The results were as follows : (1) Both PMA and TFR significantly increased mucin release from cultured HTSE cells ; (2) Cationic polypeptides including po1y-L-lysine(PLL, mw 7,500) and poly-L-arginine(PLA, mw 10,800) significantly inhibited mucin release from cultured HTSE cells, in a dose-dependent manner. This finding suggests us that PMA and TFR be further studied for the possible use as mild expectorants and cationic polypeptides might function as a regulator for hyper-secretion of mucus, both by direct acting on airway mucin-secreting cells, during the treatment of chronic airway diseases.

산업장 근로자를 대상으로 실시한 한방 건강검진의 만족도

한현정,정재열,권소희,손용선,장두섭,이기남 한국산업위생학회 2003 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.13 No.2

The examinees who received oriental and western health examination both and submitted questionnaire were 257 workers in workplace for 1 month during health examination for industrial workers. The research was to compare the satisfaction of oriental and western health examination by the questionnaire. The data that were collected by health examination were analyzed into frequencies, ANOVA, T-test with use of SPSS 10.0 program by the research purposes. The results were as follows: 1. Health examination in satisfaction comparison by the general characteristics of subject was significant in oriental health examination for the subjects who had 9-10 working hours(P〈0.05). 2. The workers who had high confidence in result of health examination, affirmative thinking for requirement of health examination, arbitrary decision for receiving the health examination, had high satisfaction in oriental and western health examination both, It was statistically significant difference. 3. For the difference in subjective health condition's recognition, the subject who answered " Healthy" had high satisfaction in western health examination, and it was statistically in western health examination, and it was statistically significant The subject who answered "Healthy" for the early detection of disease had high satisfaction in western health examination, The subject who answered skeptical for the early detection of disease had high satisfaction. in oriental health examination and it was statistically significant. 4. The respondent who said "Yes" for the question, whether you know about oriental health examination or not before receiving oriental health examinatgion had relatively high satisfaction For the question about including of oriental health examination continuously in the coming future, the subject who replied affirmative answer had high satisfaction in average, and it was significant difference(P〈0.05). 5. For the question that will be needed in the item of oriental health examination, the highest item was the requirement of specific oriental health examination for various diseases, followed by the requirement of medical specialist for individual need of medical examination by the item, and the prescription of herbal medicine, the medical examination of cancer, the interview for folk remedies, the parallel treatment for acupuncture cupping, etc, the medical examination for adult disease, the requirement of room for medical examination etc.

마늘첨가가 김치의 숙성 및 품질에 미치는 영향

조현경,박소희,조재선,정청송 한국식생활문화학회 2001 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.16 No.5

마늘이 김치의 숙성과 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하고 아울러 cyclodextrin과 sorbitol의 마늘냄새 masking효과를 실험하였다. 김치 숙성 초기의 산도는 마늘 첨가량이 많을수록 대조구에 비해서 높았고 환원당 함량은 마늘 첨가량이 많을수록 높았으나 숙성말기에는 거의 비슷한 수준을 유지하였다. 미생물의 경우 숙성초기에는 마늘 첨가에 의해 성장이 촉진되었으나 이후에 그 수준을 유지한 후에는 대조구에 비해서 오히려 억제되었다. 관능 검사 결과는 온도에 관계없이 마늘을 첨가하지 않은 김치가 모든 관능적인 면에서 유의적으로 나쁘게 평가되었으며 마늘을 2∼3% 첨가한 김치가 유의적으로 가장 좋게 평가되었다. Cyclodextrin 또는 sorbitol을 1%씩 첨가한 결과 마늘맛을 masking 하는데는 효과가 없었고 관능적으로도 나쁘게 평가되었다. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of garlic on the fermentation and organoleptic quality of kimchi. For this study, changes in pH, acidity, reducing sugar content and microbial count of kimchi during fermentation were tested and sensory test of fermented kimchi was also conducted. The acidity of kimchi with garlic was increased rapidly more than control kimchi at early stage of fermentation. Though the reducing sugar content was higher in kimchi with garlic than control kimchi, but that of all samples were almost same at mature stage of fermentation. Total bacteria and lactic acid bacterial counts were higher in kimchi with garlic than control kimchi at early stage of fermentation, but those were reversed at final stage of fermentation. By the result of sensory test, garlic was contributed to taste and aroma positively at level of 2∼3g garlic to 100g of kimchi.

여성 골프 웨어 발달에 관한 고찰 : 1900년대 이후의 미국 VOGUE 지를 중심으로

김소현,박재옥 漢陽大學校 韓國生活科學硏究所 2000 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.- No.18

Recently there arises a remarkable popularity of sportswear in Korea as well as in other countries in the world. There has been rapid increase not only in the numbers of golfers but also in people's concern on sports. However, golf wear has not been developed much comparing to the popularity and interest of people in Korea. The research investigated developmental stage for American golf wear and its characteristics and influence. The major characteristics in sports wear are as follows : First, equality in sex has brought blue-jean and uni-sex mode. Second, many production has caused the development of industrial wear and sports wear. Third, recently, sports wear has been the fashion leader in the modern clothing. Beginning of the 21s1 century, increasing people who enjoy the golf. As the number of increase, golfers demand more improved and specialized golf wear. According to the development of golf wear, the research suggests the direction for next movement. First, golf wear industries have to solve the problems of changing body accompanied during golf-gesture. Second, golf wear need to be functional, elegant, and neat since golf honors manner and rule. Third, special brands for golf wear should appear. Golf is not sports for upper-class only. Its popularity and interest among people is increasing everyday. Accordingly, the research and project for golf wear need to be increased much.

구강악안면외과에서 의식하진정에 필요한 Midazolam용량에 관한 연구

장재현,김성민,김소희,박영욱 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2002 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.24 No.3

Conscious sedation is a minimally depressed level of consciousness that retains the patients' ability to maintain the airway continuously and to respond appropriately to physical stimulation and verbal command at any time, produced by a pharmacologic or nonpharmacologic method or a combination thereof. In dental anesthesia, a state of sedation in which the conscious patient is rendered free of fear, apprehension and anxiety through the use of pharmacologic agents. Midazolam is a useful drug of benzodiazepine on minor operation of dentistry. The purpose of this study is to estimate the appropriate dosage protocol of Midazolam to the patient receiving intravenous sedation at the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery. Total subject was fifty-one patients and fifteen patients of this subject were decided to control group that they were not received intravenous sedation. The experimental group was randomly subdivided into two groups and each of those groups was administrated to 0.05 ㎎/㎏ and 0.08 ㎎/㎏ each other. All patients of the subject were surveyed with postoperative one day questionaire to evaluate the level of sedation. We found that the result was statistically significant between the experimental and the control, and so we present the protocol of the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Kangnung National University Dental Hospital.

폐렴구균 감염에 의한 복부 대동맥류 1예

최소연,백경란,기현균,문치숙,오원섭,송재훈,신동현,위유미,고영혜 대한감염학회 2005 감염과 화학요법 Vol.37 No.2

폐렴구균은 폐렴, 수막염, 중이염 등의 감염증을 일으키나 감염성 대동맥류를 유발하는 경우는 매우 드물다. 저자들은 고혈압, 당뇨병 등을 가지고 있으며 대동맥류가 확인되지 않았던 78세 남자 환자에서 감염증의 증상없이 대동맥류 파열로 내원하여 폐렴구균에 의한 대동맥류로 진단되었던 증례를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Streptococcus pneumoniae has been an important etiologic agent of community-acquired pneumonia, meningitis, and otitis media. S. pneumoniae is also an important cause of bacteremia, especially in a community setting and it may cause intravascular infection. S. pneumoniae has been rarely been reparted to cause mycotic aneurysm and three is no case report on abdominal aneurysm caused by S. pneumoniae in Korea, yet. We experienced a case of abdominal aneurysm caused by S. pneumoniae infection. A 78-year old male with hypertension and diabetes mellitus was transferred to our hospital due to ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. Surgical intervention was done for removal of hematoma and vascular anastomosis. Ascending aorta showed atheromatous plaque with dystrophic calcification and thrombus. S. pneumoniae was isolated from the culture of the surgical specimen. After successful treatment with antibiotics for 7 weeks, he has been followed up uneventfully in outpatient clinic for 1 year.