Reduction of hydrogen chloride in the furnace of vertical type incinerator

( In-hee Hwang ),( Yuto Futagami ),( Takayuki Matsuo ),( Yasumasa Tojo ),( Toshihiko Matsuto ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2019 한국폐기물자원순환학회 심포지움 Vol.2019 No.1

Hydrogen chloride (HCl) in flue gas of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) is generally removed by the in-duct injection of powdered slaked lime (Ca(OH)₂) before the bag filter (BF). According to the survey of operational characteristics of vertical type incinerator in 2016, the HCl concentration was considerably reduced before the application of dry scrubbing. Vertical type incinerator is a new type one which performs efficient incineration with forming pyrolysis, gasification, and carbon combustion zones vertically in thick waste layer. There is a possibility that HCl gas is reduced in the thick waste layer due to alkali and alkaline earth metals during long retention time. If this assumption is correct, chlorine (Cl) amount is relatively higher in bottom ash (BA) obtained from vertical type incinerator. In this study, the Cl distribution amount to BA, fly ash (FA), and cleaned flue gas as well as the form of Cl compound in ash were investigated to clarify the reduction phenomenon of HCl in the furnace of vertical type incinerator. Questionnaire survey and ash (BA and FA) sampling were conducted for twenty-four MSWI facilities to determine the Cl distribution amount depending on the types of furnaces. Annual amounts of waste incinerated, chemical for ash stabilization, BA and FA discharged were questioned. Flow rate and HCl concentration of flue gas at the outlet of BF were also investigated. BA and FA samples were provided to analyze total Cl content and the form of Cl and Ca compounds. Total Cl content was measured by the modified JIS method (JIS Z 7302-6). XRD analysis and leaching test were performed to know the form of Cl and Ca compounds. Leaching test was carried out under the conditions of LS=10, 200rpm, and 6 h. Cl concentration in eluent was measured by anion chromatography. Na, K, and Ca concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. In the vertical type of incinerator, HCl gas was expected to be captured by alkali and alkaline earth metals while it was passing the thick waste layer. However, there was no significant difference in the Cl distribution amount in BA depending on the types of incinerators as shown in Fig. 1. In order to confirm the possibility that HCl was captured by dust in flue gas at the furnace, dust sample was sampled from the duct before the spray of slaked lime. HCl gas concentration in combustion and post-combustion chamber of vertical type incinerator (V-1 facility) were also measured respectively. As a result, it was revealed that more than 30% of Cl contained in FA was derived from dust of furnace. In addition, it was found that HCl concentration was greatly reduced in the post-combustion chamber. From these results, HCl was considered to be captured by CaO which was contained more than 10wt% in dust at the post-combustion chamber of vertical type of incinerator. This HCl reduction on the furnace is an important phenomenon that leads to the reduction of the amount of alkali chemical required for exhaust gas treatment. It is necessary to verify whether the same phenomenon occurs in conventional stocker type incinerator. In our future study, the analysis of flue gas and dust will be performed by comparison with conventional stoker type incinerator to elucidate the mechanism of HCl reduction in the furnace.

모델동물의 병태.생리 유발 유전자 기능 연구 : 당뇨모델동물의 췌장 β-세포를 이용한 비만발생에 관한 연구 Effect of development of diabetes by fatty acid in animal model

황대연,김용규,강태석,황진희,임채형,강현구,이주은,허영범,장인석,조정식,채갑용 식품의약품안전청 2001 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.5 No.-

체장 β세포에 지방이 축적되는 lopotoricity 현상은 인슬린 비의존성 당뇨 (Non InsuBin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus :NIDDM)의 발생과 상당히 밀접한 관계가 있으며, 췌장 β세포의 lipoapoptosis는 세포막형성에 관여하는 sphingomyelin의 전군체안 ceramide의 과생산에 의해 유도된다는 보고가 있다. 그러나, 지방산 종류에 따른 췌장 β세포에서의 세포사멸 (apoptosis)유발 기작에 대해서는 야직까지 보고된 바가 없파. 또한, 지방세포에서 생성되며, 지질대사, 음식섭취 및 체중조절에 관여하는 렙틴 (leptin)과 렙틴 수용체와의 관계 역시 체장 세포에서 명착하게 밝혀져 있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 6주령 53와 Zucker rat의 췌장으로부터 췌도를 분리하는 기술을 확립하고, 배양된 췌장 췌도 세포와 MS-1세포주에 불포차즌방산 (n-3 linolenic acid; n-6 :linoleic acid), 포화지방산 (stearic acid), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)를 포함하는 4 가지의 지방산을 처리한 후 이들이 췌장 』세포의 사멸에 미치는 영향을 다양한 apoptosis 관련 유전자의 발현을 분석함으로써 확인하고자 하였다. 그 결과 SD rat으로부터 마리 당 평균 약 500개의 췌장 췌도를 분리하는데 성공하였으며, 4 종류의 지방산 중 포화지방산인 stearic acid를 처리하여 ONA fragmentation 증가를 관찰하였다. 또한 RT-PCR 방법을 이용하여 분리된 췌도 세포에사의 Bcl-2, Bax, iNOS가 지방산의 종류에 따라 서료 다른 발현양상을 나타낸다는 」라실을 관귿하였다. 이러한 떤구 결과는 지방산의 종류에 따라 췌장 췌도 세포에서의 세포사멸 유발 효과를 겋증하였으며, 이러한 연구결과는 복잡한 당뇨발병 원인 규명에 중요한 정보를 제공할 것으로 사료된다. Fat contents within the pancreatic islets are closely related to lipotoxicity which induces apoptosis, resulting in non insulin dependent mellituse(NIDDM). High level of fat may contribute to both insulin resistance and obesity in rodent and humans but the evidence is limited. To determine whether dietary fatty acids affect pancreatic cell function, the INS-1 cells and the pancreatic islets isolated from SD and Zucker obese(fa/fa) rats(6 wk, prediabetic stage) were cultured with stearic acid and CLA. As a result, DNA fragmentation laddering was substantially decreased in the INS-1 cells and the isolated pancreatic islets cultured with 2mM CLA compared with those with stearic aced. To investigate the mechanism by which CLA alleviates cell apoptosis as indicated by DNA fragmentation assay, we examined mRNA expressions of apoptosis-related proteins including Bax and Bcl-2 associated with cell death agonist and antagonist, respectively in the both INS-1 cells and islets cultured with 2 mM fatty acids. Bax mRNA expression was not markedly altered by either stearic acid or CLA, whereas Bcl-2 mRNA expression was noticeably enhanced by CLA compared with stearic acid. However, there were no changes in cell apoptosis and cell apoptotic-regulating gene products in the both INS-1 cells and isolated islets treated without or with 2 mM CLA. It is concluded that CLA may have a beneficial effect for maintenance of cell viability via increased Bcl-2 protein expression compared with steraic aced, which lead to delay or prevent, at least somewhat, the onset of NIDDM in the physiological status.

고등학교 학생들의 화학에 대한 질문 조사와 전해질 개념에 대한 고등학교 교과서 분석

황인선,엄광희 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교과교육연구소 2006 교과교육학연구 Vol.10 No.1

본 연구에서는 고등학교 학생들의 질문 비율이 높은 전해질 개념에 대해 과학 교과서에서 어떻게 서술하고 있는지를 분석함으로써, 학생들이 올바른 과학 개념을 형성하는 데 있어서 가지는 어려움의 원인을 조사해 보고자 한다. 수집된 질문들을 6개의 화학 내용 영역 별로 분류한 결과, 물질 단원과 관련된 질문이 가장 많았고, 이를 다시 주제 별로 분류한 결과, 전해질과 이온에 대해 관련된 질문이 가장 많았으며, 이를 다시 세부 학습 요소 별로 분류한 결과, 전해질의 이온화와 관련된 질문이 가장 많았다. 중학교 및 고등학교의 화학과 관련된 내용에서 물질을 구성하고 있는 입자와 관련된 개념들의 관계를 나타낸 개념도를 바탕으로 하여, 전해질과 관련된 개념들의 관계를 의미망으로 구성한 결과, 6개의 개념 간 관계들을 생각해 볼 수 있었다. 6개의 개념 간 관계들에 대해 교과서에서 서술된 내용을 분석한 후 평가 기준에 의해 평가하였다. 또한, 고등학교 과학 11종 교과서를 2개 항목의 평가 기준에 의해 평가한 결과, 전해질의 이온화와 관련된 서술 내용에 있어서 교과서 B가 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. In this research, the contents of electrolytes in high school science textbooks are analyzed and related problems are identified. First of all, we collected 201 on line questions about chemistry from high school students, and classified the questions into 6 groups according to subjects. The results demonstrated that questions regarding the "material" subject are the most with 37.8% of 201 questions. Questions on the "electrolytes and ions" are the most, 76.3% among the questions regarding "materials". As a result, the question about "ionization of electrolytes" are the most with 32.8% among the questions regarding "electrolytes and ions". On the basis of the concept map of material found, we made "Sematic Networking(SemNet)" out electrolyte concept. We could find 6 relations between concepts from SemNet. 『electrolytes are classified with weak electrolyte and strong electrolyte.』, 『If an electrolyte is dissolved in water, it makes cation and anion.』, 『Example of electrolyte is NaCl, HCl, CH_(3)COOH, H_(2)CO_(3)(ionic compound and molecular compound).』, 『If the electric current flows in the electrolytic aqueous solution, electrolysis occurs.』, 『electrolyte consists of ionic bond or polar covalent bond materials.』, 『The electric current flowing in the electrolytic aqueous solution is due to oxidation and reduction reaction.』. For 6 relations between concepts, the content of textbooks were analyzed and evaluated. In relation with ionization of electrolytes, we analyzed 11 high school science textbooks. In most textbooks the "electrolyte" is describe only in terms of ionic compounds instead of being described in both terms of ionic compounds and molecular compounds. Also, we graded 11 textbooks by the standard of 2 items. As a result, "B" textbook's description is the most superior regarding ionization of electrolytes.

스포츠에 있어서의 美의 探究

김인희,황철문 釜山大學校 附設 體育科學硏究所 1993 體育科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.9 No.-

The purpose of this study was to identify the aesthetic in sport. This study focused on aesthetic qualities of sport activities and concluded as following: 1) The value of aesthetic implies two directions both mental meaning and sensible cognition. Its the same meaning when the concept applied to sport, that is, aesthetic is expressed when it accomplished harmony of interinsic feeling and actual activity. 2) There are two ways in which 'aesthetic' is used. (1) evaluation, and (2) conceptual. The former is to use of the term in a positive evaluation way, and is roughly equivalent to 'graceful' or 'aesthetically pleasing'. But conceptual way includes both the beautiful and the ugly: the graceful and the clumsy: the aesthetically interesting and the aesthetically uninteresting. One importance characteristic is that aesthetic is a non-functional of non-functional or non-purposive concept. To take a central example, when we are considering a work of from the aesthetic point of view we are not considering it in relation to some external function or purpose it serves. 3) Purposive sport, which we may call, and which from the great majority, where the aesthetic is normally relatively unimport. This category would include football, climbing, track and field events, orienteering and squash. In each of these sports the purpose can be specified independently of the manner of achieving it as long as it conforms to the limits set by the rules or norms. Aesthetic sport is a category of sports in which the aim cannot be specified in isolation from the aesthetic, for example, synchronised swimming, trampolining, gymnastics, figure-skating and diving. 4) In Aesthetic sport it is of the first important that there should be no wasted energy and no superfluous movements. We can suggest that the same consideration purposive sports from the aesthetic point of view is to reduce the gap between means and end. 5) A movement cannot be considered aesthetically in isolation, but only in context of a particular action in a particular sport. And there is a danger of aesthetic quality. Any feelings is intelligible only if it can be identified by its typical manifestation in behaviour.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1997)

김재홍,문득곤,김정수,김용준,임동진,박상훈,김희성,이민수,송기훈,김갑형,김형석,성소영,이인섭,김석우,황지환,조창근,김경문,부태성 대한화학요법학회 2000 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.18 No.3

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods : For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results : In 1997. 99 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 45(45.5%) were PPNG. Conclusion : The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 45.5% in 1997.

원격 강의 활용 방안에 관한 연구 : 교내 네트워크 중심

황인선,김희수,박경우,조정래 광주보건대학 1998 論文集 Vol.23 No.-

We describe the distance learning at campus network. Many schools are now focusing on producing effective local network. Distance learning are using the PC, workstation, multimedia devices and be linked together. Distance learning has many distinguish characteristics: ① digital libraries. ② registration systems. ③ interation with legacy systems. And multimedia is material presented in a combination of text,graphics, video, animation and sound. A tool that gives the information product designer the freedom to link various kinds and pieces od data in a variety of ways so that students can moves through it campus network. A system capable of presenting multimedia material in its entirety.

Monoamine Oxidase 의 활성 변화에 의한 기미론 연구

黃今熙,마진열,金仁洛 대한본초학회 1999 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.14 No.1

To explain the theory of KIMI which is the theory of therapeutics in oriental medicine, the monoamine oxidase(MAO) activities were determined in the brain and liver of mouse which was orally adminstered cold and hot drugs, and forced swimming in cold and hot water. The MAO plays a central role in the metabolism of many amines including the neurotransmetter monoamines. MAO is a flavoprotein found exclusively in the mitochondrial outer membrane, occuring in the MAO-A and MAO-B subtypes. MAO-A deaminates serotonin and noradrenaline, whereas MAO-B prefers penylethylamine and benzylamine as substrates. Serotonin is important neurotransmetter for the control of body temperature. Coptis japonica Makino was selected as the cold drug, and Radix Aconiti lateralis preparata was as the hot drug. Coptis japonica Makino elevated the MAO-A activity which was increased by cold stress, whereas it inhibited the MAO-B activity which was increased by cold stress. Coptis japonica Makino elevated the MAO-A activity which was decreased by heat stress, whereas it inhibited the MAO-B activity which was increased by heat stress. Radix Aconiti lateralis preparata inhibited the MAO-A activity which was increased by cold stress, whereas it inhibited the MAO-B activity which was increased by heat stress.

ON THE STATISTICAL CONVERGENCE OF SEQUENCES OF FUZZY POINTS IN A FUZZY NORMED LINEAR SPACE

Gil Seob Rhie,In Ah Hwang,Jeong Hee Kim 충청수학회 2012 충청수학회지 Vol.25 No.1

In this paper, we introduce the notion of the statist- cally fuzzy convergent sequence and the statistical fuzzy ?? -Cauchy sequence of fuzzy points in a fuzzy normed linear space. And in- vestigate some related properties.

장내의 탄수화물과 지방 흡수 억제를 통한 체지방 및 비만 개선 효과에 관한 연구

정은희,윤승원,이홍석,윤유식,유경미,황인경 한국조리과학회 2003 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.19 No.1

In a previous study, a dietary supplement was developed in our lab using natural herbal extracts against digest enzyme activity in GI tract for weight control. This natural herbal extracts could regulate absorption of glucose and lipid by the inhibition of digest enzyme activity. In this study, we screened the natural herbs that inhibit glucoamylase activity and developed an water extract of cinnamon. The cinnamon extract delayed and decreased the increment of carbohydrate degradation through the inhibition of glucoamylase activity in vitro. Fifty volunteers were subjected to the intake of the herbal extracts by taking twice a day for 60 days. As a result, the treated subjects lost 3kg of body weight and 3.5kg of body fat mass after the treatment. Furthermore, the body mass index and waist size were significantly decreased during the experimental period. Above results suggested that the administration of the dietary additives composed of cinnamon and natural herbal extract improves the obesity by the decrement of body weight and body fat mass.

민들레 잎과 뿌리 분말을 첨가한 설기떡의 품질 특성

유경미,김세희,장정화,황인경,김경임,김성수,김영찬 한국조리과학회 2005 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.21 No.1

In order to develop a dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) with natural food applications, the effects of dandelion leaves and roots powder content on the physical, textural and sensory properties of sulggidduk were examined. Dandelion powders of leaves and roots at 0, 1, 2 and 3% were added to the dandelion sulgidduk. In the dandelion roots powder in sulgidduk, the color intensity of L values and the values and moisture content decreased however, the sensory color intensity, dandelion flavor and overall acceptability increased with increasing the dandelion powder content. The sensory overall acceptability indicated the dandelion roots powder content at 3% had the highest overall and flavor scores. As the dandelion leaves content was increased, the moisture contents, lightness, adhesiveness and cohesiveness of sulggidduk decreased, while the sensory color intensity, sensory hardness, hardness of texture properties and dandelion flavor increased. The addition at 1% of the dandelion leaves powder content with the dandelion sulggidduk and the addition at 3% of the dandelion roots powder content with the dandelion sulggidduk showed the highest overall acceptability.