대한방사선종양학회지 게재 논문의 통계적 오류 현황

박희철(Hee Chul Park),최두호(Doo Ho Choi),안성복(Song-Vogue Ahn),강진오(Jin Oh Kang),김은석(Eun-Seog Kim),박원(Won Park),안승도(Seung Do Ahn),양대식(Dae Sik Yang),윤형근(Hyong Geun Yun),정은지(Eun Ji Chung),지의규(Eui Kyu Chie),표홍렬( 대한방사선종양학회 2008 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.26 No.4

목 적: 본 연구는 대한방사선종양학회지 게재 논문의 통계 오류 현황을 파악하고 이에 근거한 문제 제기를 통해 학회지의 학술적 발전에 기여하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2006∼2007년 사이에 대한방사선종양학회지에 게재된 총 77편의 논문을 연구 대상으로 하였다. 각각의 논문에 적용된 통계 방법론의 적정성 평가는 통계점검표를 활용하였다. 통계점검표에는 연구의 종류, 통계기법의 사용 범위, 각 논문에 적용된 통계 기법의 종류, 통계적 기법 적용의 타당성 항목이 포함되었다. 통계 오류는 ‘생략의 잘못’과 ‘시행의 잘못’ 항목으로 나누었다. 한 논문에서 서로 다른 항목이 여러 가지 관찰된 경우 각각 횟수로 측정하였다. 같은 항목이 2회 이상 측정된 경우 1회로 횟수를 측정하였다. 통계 전문가가 개별 논문을 대상으로 통계점검표를 작성하였다. 일차 평가자가 방사선종양학 전문가가 아닌 것에서 올 수 있는 평가 오류가 있을 수 있으므로 개별 통계점검표는 간행위원회에서 한 차례 더 세부 점검을 하였다. 작성된 통계점검표의 통계 분석은 SAS (version 9.0, SAS Institute, NC, USA) 소프트웨어를 이용하였고 빈도분석을 시행하여 각 항목의 빈도와 백분율을 산출하였다. 결 과: 총 77편 중 원문을 다운로드 할 수 없었던 4편을 제외한 73편의 게재 논문을 대상으로 평가하였다. 증례보고는 5편, 원저 논문은 68편이었다. 대상 논문 중 46편의 논문에서 통계적 추론을 사용하였고, 16편의 논문에서 단순한 기술통계를 사용했으며, 11편의 논문에서는 통계적 기법을 사용하지 않았다. 추론통계를 사용한 46편의논문에서 사용된 추론통계의 횟수는 각각 분할표분석 17회(37.0%), 비교통계분석 23회(50.0%), 회귀분석 7회(15.2%), 상관분석 5회(10.9%), 생존분석이 27회(58.7%)였다. 통계 기법을 활용하여 연구 결과를 분석할 때 통계적용의 오류가 없는 논문은 19%였다. ‘생략의 잘못’은 34편(50.0%)의 논문에서 총 50회 관찰되었다. ‘시행의 잘못’은 35편(51.5%)의 논문에서 총 47회 관찰되었다. ‘생략의 잘못’과 ‘시행의 잘못’이 모두 발견된 논문은 21편 (30.9%)이었다.결 론: 대한방사선종양학회지에 게재된 논문에서 통계 분석 과정의 다양한 영역에 걸쳐 크고 작은 통계적 오류가 있음을 확인하였다. 향후 대한방사선종양학회지 투고 논문의 심사 과정에서 통계 오류에 관한 적절한 심사를 추가하는 것이 필요하다고 판단된다. Purpose: To improve the quality of the statistical analysis of papers published in the Journal of the Korean Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (JKOSTRO) by evaluating commonly encountered errors. Materials and Methods: Papers published in the JKOSTRO from January 2006 to December 2007 were reviewed for methodological and statistical validity using a modified version of Ahn’s checklist. A statistician reviewed individual papers and evaluated the list items in the checklist for each paper. To avoid the potential assessment error by the statistician who lacks expertise in the field of radiation oncology; the editorial board of the JKOSTRO reviewed each checklist for individual articles. A frequency analysis of the list items was performed using SAS (version 9.0, SAS Institute, NC, USA) software. Results: A total of 73 papers including 5 case reports and 68 original articles were reviewed. Inferential statistics was used in 46 papers. The most commonly adopted statistical methodology was a survival analysis (58.7%). Only 19% of papers were free of statistical errors. Errors of omission were encountered in 34 (50.0%) papers. Errors of commission were encountered in 35 (51.5%) papers. Twenty-one papers (30.9%) had both errors of omission and commission. Conclusion: A variety of statistical errors were encountered in papers published in the JKOSTRO. The current study suggests that a more thorough review of the statistical analysis is needed for manuscripts submitted in the JKOSTRO.

불악산(경기도)의 식물상에 관한 연구

안영희,안영철,최광율,박대식,정연택 중앙대학교 유전공학연구소 2001 遺傳工學硏究論集 Vol.13 No.1

Field surveys were carried out 3 times from 2000 5. 17 to 2000. 6. 4. Main results obtained from this study wet·e as follows : 1.The vascular Plants in Mt. Bull-ak were consisted of 221 taxa such as 71 families, 163 genera, 188 species, 30 varieties, 2 forma, 1 hybrid. 2.Family Compositae and Gramineae covers 8.6% and 7.2% of total number of naturalized plants, respectively. 3.Pteridophyte, Gymnosperm, Dicotyledon and Monocotyledon covers 2.5%, 2.7%, 75.9% and 18.1% of total number of naturalized plants, respectively. 4.The life cycle of the plants was annual 11.8%, biennial 11.3%, perennial 76.9%. As it compared with consistency ratio in the flora of Korea, the distribution of biennial appeared highly. 5.The highest peak of blooming month is May (49.3% among total number of naturalized plants). 6.In this area the Korean endemic plants are 5 taxa (2.3% among total number of naturalized plants). 7.Number of naturalized is 20 taxa (9.0% among total number of naturalized plant)

자유곡면으로부터 단면정보를 이용한 황삭계획에 관한 연구

안대건,최홍태,이석희 한국경영과학회 1994 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.1

This study deals with roughing planning by cross sectional information generated from sculptured surfaces. Bicubic Bezier surface is adopted as sculptured surfaces in this paper. The system consists of 3 parts : (1) modeling sculptured surface, (2) reconstruction of cross-section in 2D coordinates, (3) determination of roughing tool path with structural data. The system is developed by using IBM-PC in the environment of Auto CAD R11, AutoLISP and MetaWare High C. The proposed system shows an efficient algorithm for roughing planning with cross sectional informaiton.

관광객의 쇼핑가치 지각이 쇼핑만족에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

안대희,김희영 세종대학교 관광산업연구소 2002 호텔관광경영연구 Vol.17 No.-

The objectives of this study were 1) to examine the relationship between shopping value and shopping satisfaction.; 2) to examine the relationship between store type and shopping value. Self-administrated questionnaire was used to collect the data for this study after reviewing previous studies and conducting pre-test twice. The data was analyzed by using analysis, Multiple regression, T-test. The followings are the results of this study, First, There were significant relationships between Tourists' Shopping value and Shopping satisfaction. Second, Store type were significant differences according to Tourists' Shopping value. The result of this study will be helpful for the shopping industries which gave needs to establish the marketing strategies.

다단토양층을 이용한 하수처리에 관한 연구

손대희,정윤철,신정훈,정진영,안대희 한국물환경학회 2004 한국물환경학회지 Vol.20 No.3

The sewages produced from small villages, rural community, drinking water reservation area and park which doesn't have sewage piping system can be caused a serious water pollution at the restricted areas. The objective of this research was to suggest an economical and effective sewage treatment method by investigating the removal of the organics, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the multi-soil-layering reactor. Soil, natural zeolite, and iron slag were used as a supporting media of multi-soil-layering in this research. The purpose of natural zeolite addition was to maintain the consistent ammonium exchange capacity by providing a sequential environment, and that of iron slag addition was to remove phosphorus by adsorption. Continuous experiment of lab-scale single-soil-layering (S-1), multi-soil-layering (S-2), and mixed-soil-layering (S-3) methods were studied to compare and optimize three different types of the reactors. The organic removal efficiencies showed more than 90% in all three reactors. While S-1 and S-3 reactors showed about T-N removal of 31%, 45%, respectively, the average T-N removal efficiency of the S-2 reactor represented an 87%. In conclusion, that results suggest that the multi-soil-layering reactor could be effectively utilized as a plant for treatment of small village sewage.

생태학습장을 이용한 학교 환경교육의 발전방향 : 독일의 생태학습장을 이용한 환경교육 사례를 중심으로

김대희,안삼영 順天大學校 師範大學 附屬 科學敎育硏究所 1997 科學과 敎育 Vol.5 No.-

The concept of environmental education contains from teaching environmental pollutions and the importance of environment to the ecological relationship between human and the nature. The ultimate goal of environmental education, however, is to cause the environmental-friendly and responsible behavior. one of the best way to achieve this goal is eco-logical learning centers, where students can themselves observe and analyse three, plants and animals, and they learn the principle of the environmental succession with feeling and understanding. And there students internalize environmental awareness through experiencing the nature. In this report, we would like to introduce the divers types of ecological liearning centers in Germany and suggest the practical programs for environmental education in Korean school system.

재난관리 행정에 대한 네트워크적 분석

박석희,노화준,안대승 서울대학교 행정대학원 2004 行政論叢 Vol.42 No.1

우리나라에서 재난관리행정(disaster management system)에 대한 논의는 대부분 지엽적이고 기술적(technical)인 측면에서만 이루어지고, 재난관리행정의 본질적 특성에 대한 논의는 소수에 불과하였다. 재난관리행정의 중요성을 강조하면서도 재난관리행정의 접근을 위한 이론적 논의나 체계적인 분석은 배제한 채 재난관리에 대한 재구조화에 대한 논의만 무성하였다. 이러한 논의들은 대부분 전통적 관료제적 접근을 전제로 하고 있다. 재난관리행정은 재난관리서비스의 특성과 재난 관리행정조직의 특성상 네트워크 거버넌스를 통한 연계성과 통합성의 실천으로 이해되어야 함에도 불구하고, 관료제적 위계의 방식으로 접근하는 오류를 범하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 재난관리행정의 특성에 대한 분석을 바탕으로 재난관리행정의 규범적 모델로서 네트워크 거버넌스(network governance)에 입각한 지역 거버넌스 모형의 적용가능성을 모색하였다. 먼저 네트워크를 전통적 서비스 공급방식인 시장 및 관료제와 비교하여 네트워크에서의 서비스 교환조건과 사회 메커니즘의 작용을 분석하였다. 이러한 분석을 토대로 재난관리서비스의 특성과 교환조건을 분석하고 우리나라에서 재난관리 네트워크 형성의 제약요인을 검토하였다. 마지막으로 극장의 논의를 기반으로 재난관리행정의 규범적 모델로서 네트워크 거버넌스적 설계방식을 제시하였다. The Disaster Management System(DMS) in Korea has been addressed in unessential and technical aspect, while the discussions on the essential attribute of it have been just a few. The importance of DMS has been highlighted, but the theoretical approach and systematic analysis on in has been excluded. The arguments only on the restructuring of DMS have prevailed. These arguments are usually based on the traditional bureaucratic approach that are very hierarchical. However, considering the characteristics of the organizations and services that compose DMS, it should be recognized as the practice of connectedness and integratedness through network governance, not as the hierarchical bureaucracy. Analyzing the attributes of DMS, this paper searches for the applicability of regional governance model grounded on the network governance as a normative model of DMS. Firstly, this research compares network with market and bureaucracy which are traditional way of service delivery, and analyzes the service exchange condition and operation of social mechanism on network. Secondly, it analyzes the characteristics and the exchange condition of disaster management service on the basis of analysis above, and reviews the factors that restricts the building up of disaster management network in Korea. Finally, it presents the network governance design as a normative model on the basis of the argument above.

활성화된 마우스 대식세포가 Toxoplasma gondii의 증식에 미치는 영향

엄대자,민득영,안명희 한양대학교 의과대학 1992 한양의대 학술지 Vol.12 No.1

The present study was aimed to elucidate the effect of antitoxoplasma activity and oxidative capacity of peritoneal macrophage of immunized and/or normal mouse. BALB/c mice were immunized with dozens of cyst (Beverly of Fukaya strain) intraperitoneally. Glass adherent cells were used as macrophage from immunized and normal mouse peritoneal cells. Macrophage(?? cells/ml) and Toxoplasma tachyzoite(RH strain) were incubated in 10% fetal calf serum-minimum essential medium, 37℃, 5% CO₂ incubator. The ratio of cell to Toxoplasma was 1:1 or 2:1. After 4 and 24hr incubation, cell rupture and infection rate of macrophage, number of tachyzoite in a cell were observed under microscope. Production of hydrogen peroxide from immunized or normal macrophage after 1hr incubation of Toxoplasma or Toxoplasma with phorbol myristate acetate(PMA) were measured. After 4hr incubation of macrophage and Toxoplasma tachyzoite, 10% of cell rupture were observed in normal and immunized macrophages. One to five organisms per cell were observed 32.8~38.7% of normal macrophage and 50.7~52.6% of immunized macrophages. After 24hr incubation, Toxoplasma multiply freely in normal mouse macrophage and 90% of cells were ruptured. Meanwhile immunized mouse macrophage display toxoplasmacidal effect and 50% of cells were survived. Toxoplasma invation into cell were 34.~48.7% of normal macrophage and 59.4% of immunized macrophage. Immunized macrophages released 2~7 times of H₂O₂than those of normal macrophages. With above results, it is assumed that peritoneal macrophage from immunized mouse has high producibility of H₂O₂and then might enhance the subsequential toxoplasmastatic and/or toxoplasmacidal effect.

용융침투법으로 제조한 알루미나-유리 복합체의 동적 피로 특성 평가

원대희,안승근,배태성,강동완,진영철 대한치과기재학회 1998 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.25 No.3

The fatigue characteristics of alumina-glass composites were evaluated by biaxial flexure test under the dynamic loading conditions. 88 specimens were tested by tested by testing 22 samples at each of four loading rates : 0.01, 0.1, 1, and mm/min. A Vickers-produced indentation crack was made at the center of the tensile surface with load of 49.0 N, and the microstructural aspects of crack propagation was investigated under statically loaded state in distilled water at 37℃. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The fatigue parameter of alumina-glass composite containing 6 mol % yttria was n=22.2, σf0=319.6 MPa. 2. 10-year failure stress of alumina-glass composite containing 6 mol% yttria was 171.7 MPa. 3. Fracture surface of alumina-glass composite indicated the frictional interlocking of jogs having the tendency of toughening by crack deflection, rather than by crack bridging.

외국인 쇼핑관광객의 의류상품 평가에 관한 연구

김희영,안대희 한국문화관광학회 2001 문화관광연구 Vol.3 No.1

The purpose of this study is to investigate the evolution of the selection of clothing product, and to survey how the evolution criteria affect overall shopper's satisfaction, the willingness of repeated buying. The sample of this study is from the inbound traveler. The result of this study is as follows: 1. Demographic characters affect the evolution of the selection of clothing to inbound traveler. 2. The Clothing evolution criteria affect overall shopper's satisfaction, willingness of repeated buying. The result of this study will be helpful for the apparel industries which have needs to establish the marketing strategies.