효율적 프론티어 수준에 따른 감정평가법인의 경쟁력 비교 분석

신연수(Yeon-Soo Shin) 한국무역연구원 2018 무역연구 Vol.14 No.5

Context-Dependent DEA is a methodology for recognizing the efficient frontier of DUMs (Decision Making Units). Context-dependent DEA refers to a DEA approach where a set of DMUs are evaluated against a particular evaluation context. Each evaluation context represents an efficient frontier orgainzed by DMUs in a particular performance level. The context-dependent DEA measures the attractiveness when DMUs place on exhibition of poorer performance and the progress when DMUs place on of exhibition better performance as the evaluation group. This research applied the context dependent model to make the competitiveness of 12 appraisal firms on the continuous line of the existing Shin Yeon-Soo (2018) research. During each year it is important to know how the 12 appraisal firms will be classified according to the efficiency frontier and where each should belong. Efficient frontier categories are divided into five in 2010, four in 2011, five in 2012, five in 2013, three in 2014, seven in 2015 and four in 2016. Korea (DMU 12) received the highest score, Daehwa (DMU 8) and Hana (DMU 11) were more than 600. Next, Pacific (DMU 10), Joongang (DMU 4) and Samchang (DMU 7) were more than 450, Thefirst (DMU 2), Nara (DMU 1) and Miraesaehan (DMU 6) were more than 400. Finally Kyungil (DMU 5) and Daeil (DMU 3) were more than 300 while Gaon (DMU 9) has the lowest score.

만성 C형 간염 환자에서 알파 인터페론 치료 중발생한 후천성 반응성 천공성 교원증

최연진 ( Yeon Jin Choi ),신미선 ( Mi Seon Shin ),안지영 ( Ji Young Ahn ),박미연 ( Mi Youn Park ) 대한피부과학회 2008 대한피부과학회지 Vol.46 No.6

Reactive Perforating Collagenosis (RPC) is a kind of perforating dermatosis, which shows transepidermal elimination of altered collagens. Acquired form is developed in an adult without family history, is favorably developed in scratched region due to pruritic sense. Acquired RPC has been reported to be associated with various systemic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, liver disease, chronic renal failure, lymphoma, AIDS, hypothyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, and neurodermatitis, accompanied by itching & scratching. We report a case of acquired RPC in a patient with HCV hepatitis who was treated with interferon alpha. Skin lesions showed multiple erythematous centrally umbilicated, crusted papules of variable sizes on the extensor surfaces of both shins. (Korean J Dermatol 2008;46(6):788∼791)

격자기반의 자동 강우장 탐색기법을 활용한 용담댐 유역 DAD분석

송미연 ( Mi Yeon Song ),정관수 ( Kwan Sue Jung ),이기하 ( Gi Ha Lee ),김연수 ( Yeon Su Kim ),신영아 ( Young A Shin1 ) 한국지리정보학회 2014 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.17 No.3

본 연구에서는 지점강우를 면적평균강우로 변환하는데 이용되는 DA(Depth-area)관계를 보다 효율적이고 정확하게 구축할 수 있는 자동 DAD분석기법을 국내의 유역에 적용하고 그 성능을 평가하는데 목적이 있다. 우선, 제안된 자동 DAD분석기법에는 격자기반의 공간강우분포를 호우중심으로부터 추적하는 방법으로 Box-tracking, Point-tracking, Advanced point-tracking으로 구분된다. 세 가지 방법을 용담댐 유역에서 발생한 호우 중 대표적인 10개의 호우사상에 대하여 적용한 결과, Advanced point-tracking을 적용하였을 경우가 다중호우중심을 가진 각 호우분포 형상을 정확히 고려하고, 보다 정확한 누적 시간별 누적 면적별 면적최대강우량(MAAR)을 산정할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 게다가, Advanced point-tracking이 선정된 여러 개의 호우중심으로부터 면적증가에 따른 각각의 MAAR을 동시에 산정하고 비교할 수 있어, 이에 따른 오차를 효과적으로 감소시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다. 마지막으로, 용담댐 유역의 10개의 호우사상에 대한 DAD 분석을 토대로 해당 유역의 DAD곡선을 누적시간별로 추출하였다. This study aims to apply and evaluate the automatic DAD analysis method, which is able to establish the depth-area relationship more efficiently and accurately for point-to-areal rainfall conversion. First, the proposed automatic DAD analysis method tracks the expansion route of area from the storm center, and it is divided into Box-tracking, Point-tracking, Advanced point-tracking according to tracking method. After applying the proposed methods to 10 events occurred in Yongdam-watershed area, we confirmed that the Advanced point-tracking method makes it possible to estimate the maximum average areal rainfal(MAAR) more accurately with consideration of the storm movement and the multi-centered storm. In addition, Advanced point-tracking could reduce the errors of the estimated MAAR induced by increasing the area because it can estimate MAAR for each storm center and compare them at the same time. Finally, the DAD curve for the study area could be derived based on the DAD analysis of the selected 10 events.

음용수 중 유해화학물질에 대한 위해성 평가에 관한 연구 : Ⅱ 비발암성 화학물질을 중심으로

정용,신동천,김종만,박성은,양지연,이자경,황만식,박연신 한국환경독성학회 1995 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.10 No.1

The purpose of this research is to estimate a safe environmental level of human exposure to thresholding acting toxicants in drinking water and recommend the acceptable levels and management plans for maintaining good quality of drinking water and protecting health hazard. This research has been funded as a national project for three years from 1992 to 1995. This study(the second year, 1993-1994) was conducted to monitor 39 species of non-carcinogenic chemicals such as volatile organic compounds(VOCs), polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), pesticides and heavy metals of drinking water at some area in six cities of Korea, and evaluate health risk due to these chemicals through four main steps (hazard identification, exposure assessment, dose-response assessment and risk characterization) of risk assessment in drinking water. In hazard identification, 39 species of non-carcinogenic chemicals were identified by the US EPA classification system. In the step of exposure assessment, sampling of tap water from the public water supply system had been conducted from 1993 to 1994, and 39 chemicals were analyzed. Indose-response assessment for non-carcinogens, reference doses(RfD) and lifetime health advisories (HAs) of lifetime acceptable levels were calculated. In risk characterization of detected chemicals, the hazard quotients of noncarcinogens were less than one except those of manganese and iron in D city.

서양사상의 전파와 한국의 수용 : 19세기 말-20세기 초를 중심으로

신연재 울산대학교 사회과학연구소 2000 사회과학논집 Vol.10 No.1

19 세기 말엽의 한국 지성 계에는 다양한 근대 서양사상들이 전파되고 있었다. 국가의 자주가 위기에 처한 반면, 위기 탈출을 위한 내부적 수단이 부재한다는 인식이 무엇보다도 크게 작용한 결과였다. 이런 상황과 인식에 따라, 19 세기 유럽의 사상계에서 타당성 경쟁을 벌이던 다양한 사상들이, 일본과 중국의 매개를 통하여 한국에 전파될 수 있었다. 이 과정에서 자유주의, 민족주의, 제국주의가 당시 개혁 지향적 지식인들의 국가사상의 주요 지주로 자리잡게 된다. 그러나 이들의 국가사상은 제국주의에의 대응에 주력한 것이었기 때문에, 그리고 이들이 서구의 우월을 부국강병과 동일시하여 부국강병을 통한 자주독립을 서둘렀기 때문에, 민족주의와 자유주의는 대외 저항에서 효용을 발휘해야만 가치를 인정받을 수 있었다. 이에 비추어 보면 대외경쟁(外競)의 요구가 두 사상 각각은 물론 그 상호관계까지 규율한 것은 당연한 일이었다. 따라서 국가 생존에 기여해야 한다는 규준이 자유주의를 제약하여 민족주의의 우월을 초래하는 한편, 다른 한편으로 민족주의의 저항적 속성을 강화하게 된다. 국가의 부강(富强)이 대외경쟁력의 증강을, 대외경쟁력이 대외 저항력의 구축을 위한 것이었다는 점은, 국가 생존의 절박성이 그들의 국민국가상 정립에 결정적 영향을 주었다는 것을, 그리하여 시민민족주의 관념이 저항민족주의에 의하여 제약되고 있었다는 것을 말해준다. 이처럼 국제정치질서의 변화 과정에 수반된 서양사상 전파의 영향으로, 그들의 국가사상은 국민의 국가에 대한 자유보다는, 약소국의 강대국에 대한 자주의 확보를 더 중시하는 방향으로 정립되었다. It is natural to think that the 'West' never had an one-sided impact on other societies in late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Even when reform-oriented intellectuals of late Chosun argued Westernization, what they really had in mind was not the mechanical substitution of Western society and culture for Chosen. But what they had in mind was the transformation of Chosen in line with a highly selective vision of what the West was all about. The West that Chosun encountered was a part of a whole. This part, moreover, was metamorphosed in the process of encounter. A similar phenomenon occurred in the realm of political thoughts. Political thoughts are defined by situations, for they have meaning in the minds of people and the meaning of given political thoughts will be conditioned by the circumstances of its presentation. Before these political thoughts could evoke responses, they had to be communicated, and they could be diffused only by being filtered through Chosun language and thought patterns. This, inevitably, resulted in the alteration of the original political thoughts.

일부지역 중·고등학생들의 흡연실태 조사연구

신옥순,남철현,김복용,최연희,박선희,박경옥,구재희 慶山大學校 保健福祉硏究所 2002 保健福祉硏究 Vol.7 No.-

This study was conducted to examine aspects of middle and high school students' drinking and smoking with analysis of related factors. The subjects of this study was 540 students in Kyungbuk Province. Data were collected from July, 2002 to September, 2002. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. 43.6% of the boy students experienced smoking, while 12.2% of the girl students experienced it. 5.3% of the students at academy schools experienced smoking, while 44.7% of the students at vocational schools experienced it. 11.4% of the middle school students experienced smoking, while 33.9% of the high school students experienced it. 15.5% of them who lived in towns or villages experienced smoking and 38.3% of them who lived in small or medium sized cities experienced it.37.5% of the students who belonged to the lower economic class experienced smoking and 20.7% of the students who belonged to the upper economic class experienced it. 24.0% of the students who belonged to the middle economic class experienced it. It appears that the respondents showed significantly different smoking experience rates by gender, school types, grades, the number of family members, residences, and economic classes. 2. 14.5% of the respondents who lived with grandparents and parents experienced smoking and 26.5% of them who lived with parents experienced it. The smoking rate was significantly high in the groups of having one-parent, being unsatisfied with family life, making poor grades in studies, and having the father or the mother working as a salesperson. 3. 45.3% of the respondents who were unsatisfied with family life experienced smoking. The smoking rate of the respondents who were unsatisfied with it was significantly higher than that of the other groups. On the other hand, the smoking rates were not significantly different by daily life, schoolmate relation, health condition, and feeling stress. 4. According to smoking rate by frequency of drinking, 16.4% of the respondents who drank less than once a month smoked and 54.8% of them who drank more than twice a month smoked. The more frequently they drank, the higher their smoking rate was. Those who did exercise displayed significantly higher smoking rate than those who did not do exercise. Among the rates of the respondents' agonies, family disharmony was 50.5% and love problem was 39.2%. Economic condition preblem was 34.6%. It appeared that smoking was most influenced by the family disharmony. 5. The factors significantly influencing smoking experience were gender, school grade, schoolmate relation, score in studies, and exercise. From above results, it can be concluded that the students' smoking is a serious problems which can be resolved by simple approaches because it is interrelated complicatedly with gender, grade, family, school, etc. Schools, related organizations, and the government must closely work together to maximize the effectiveness of policy implementation concerning the smoking and drinking problem of the middle and high school students.

동아시아 3국의 근대사상 형성과 서양문명의 수용 : 그 상이성 분석을 중심으로

신연재 울산대학교 2002 사회과학논집 Vol.12 No.1

용인 안성지구 산사태와 파괴 형상에 관한 연구

신승목,김상규,장연수 동국대학교 대학원 1993 大學院硏究論集-東國大學校 大學院 Vol.23 No.-

본 논문에는 1991년 7월의 집중호우로 인해 많은 산사태가 발생한 용인·안성지역의 산사태 현장을 방문 조사를 실시한 결과를 토대로 우리나라의 산사태 발생요인과 파괴형상을 규명하였다. 표본지구의 지질암은 풍화된 편마암 및 편암이 주종을 이루고 주요 사면파괴형태는 평행활동파괴 및 토석류이었다. 평행활동파괴는 표토층이 1m내로 얕고 경사가 30˚이상인 사면의 산복부에서 발생한 반면 토석류는 대체로 길이가 길고 경사가 40˚~50˚로 급경사를 이루는 계곡부에서 발생하였는데 토석류발생이 시작된 산정상부에서는 소규모의 평행 또는 회전활동의 흔적이 발견되었다. 본 지역 식생의 뿌리 깊이는 표토의 두께와 거의 일치하고 파괴면도 표토와 기반암의 경계에서 발생하여 집중호우시 나무하중도 국내 지형 지질에서는 무시못할 요소이며 또한 큰 균열도 유수의 침투로를 제공하여 산사태 발생을 촉진시킨 것으로 판단되었다. This paper investigates the causes of the generation of domestic landslides and their representative failure shapes, based on the results of the reconnaissance of Youngin-Ansung region where enormous number of landslides occurred due to downpour in July, 1991. The geology of the site is mainly weathered schist and gneiss, and the representative failure patterns of the landslides are translational sliding and debris flow. The translational sliding failure is generated at the abdominal region of the mountain, of which the thickness of cover soil is less than 1m and its slope is greater than 30 degrees. On the other hand debris flow is generated in the valleys where their slopes are steep in between 40˚ and 55˚ and the travel distance of debris is quite long. At the summit area where debris flows were initiated, small sized translation or rotational failures were found. The thickness of the vegetation roots in the landslide area consists almost with that of the soil covers, and most failure planes are located at the boundary of cover soil and base rock. Hence, it can be recognized that the surcharge load due to vegetation accompanied with severe downpour can be a significant cause of domestic landslides. The macropores formed at these boundaries can also accelerate the initiation of landslides by accumulating the pore pressure in the pores.

교합 거상 금관이 어린이 교합 발육에 미치는 영향

신정근,백병주,김재곤,양연미,이선영 大韓小兒齒科學會 2005 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.32 No.1

혼합 치열기에서 유치의 탈락 및 영구치의 맹출 과정이 순조롭게 이루어지는 것은 중요한 일이다. 맹출 중인 치아는 인접치유무, 유치의 흡수속도, 유치의 조기상실, 만기잔존, 국소병소나 입술, 혀, 저작근 등의 다양한 요인들에 의해 영향 받을 수 있으며, 이러한 요소들 사이의 균형이 깨지게 되면 인접치 간의 관계가 변하고 심각한 부정교합이 초래될 수 있다. 본 증례는 유치열 및 혼합치열을 가진 어린이들에서 상하악 구치부 교합면에 접착된 교합 거상 금속 스플린트(bite raising metal splint)가 치열에 미친 영향에 대해 보여주고 있다. 이들은 스플린트로 인한 유치의 만기잔존으로 영구치 맹출에 방해를 받거나, 전치부 개방교합, 제 1대구치의 저위 맹출 등 혼합 치열기 발달에 큰 영향을 받고 있었다. 치료로써 고속 핸드피스를 이용하여 스플린트를 제거하고 주기적 점검을 통해 교합변화 및 영구치 맹출 양상을 관찰하였다. Children are in mixed dentition during 6 years after 3 years old. this time is very important for sound permanent dentition. There are many factors of influence to tooth eruption stage ; adjacent teeth, tooth resorption, early loss or retention of deciduous tooth, local lesion, lip and tongue, masticatory muscles, ect. These factors should be in balance, if not, relation of adjacent teeth is changed, then severe malocclusion is occurred maybe. These cases revealed influences of resin bonded metal splint on occlusal surface of children's molar to mixed dentition. Splints interfere with falling off of deciduous tooth, tooth eruption, normal occlusion formation, and development of mixed dentition and occlusion. Therefore we removed the metal splint from teeth, follow-up checked occlusion and tooth eruption.

Cone Beam CT를 이용한 하악 제 1대구치 맹출 양상에 관한 연구

신정근,김재곤,백병주,양연미,정진우 大韓小兒齒科學會 2009 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.36 No.3

건강한 정상 교합 어린이 83명(남자 42명, 여자 41명)을 대상으로 보호자 동의하에 cone beam CT 영상을 촬영하여, 하악 제1대구치의 맹출 양상을 연구하였다. 대상을 발육 정도에 따라 Nolla stage(4-10단계)로 구분한 후 삼차원 기준 평면인 전두면(frontal), 시상면(Sagittal), 수평면(horizontal)에서 각각 하악 제1대구치의 맹출 양상을 관찰하였다. 1. 전두면과 수평면에서, 하악 제1대구치간 폭경은 감소하였는데, stage 5에서 stage 8까지 가장 크게 감소했다가 약간 증가하였다. 2. 시상면과 전두면에서, 하악 제1대구치 맹출량은 교합평면을 기준으로 stage 5에서 stage 7까지 가장 많은 맹출 이동을 보였다. 3. 수평면과 시상면에서, 하악 제1대구치는 제2유구치 원심면으로부터 stage 4에서 stage 6까지 원심으로 이동하였고 이후 큰 변화가 없었다. 4. 시상면에서, 교합 평면과 하악 제1대구치의 근원심 치축이 이루는 각은 stage 4에서 stage 8까지 증가하였다. 5. 전두면에서, 교합 평면과 하악 제1대구치의 협설측 치축이 이루는 각은 지속적으로 증가하였다. 6. 수평면에서, 정중 시상면과 하악 제1대구치의 치축이 이루는 각은 stage 5부터 stage 8까지 증가하다 stage 8이후에는 다시 약간 감소하였다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the eruption pattern of the mandibular first molar in sagittal. frontal and horizontal views using the cone beam CT scanning. CT images were obtained from healthy 83 children(42 boys. 41 girls) between 3 to 10 years of age with a normal dentition according to Nolla stage. 1. In the frontal and horizontal view. the intermolar width decreased continuously with stage and slightly increased at the last stage. 2. In the sagittal and frontal view. eruption distances from occlusal plane were observed the largest change between stage 5 and 7. 3. In the horizontal and sagittal view. mandibular first molar from distal surface of primary second molar moved distally between stage 4 and 6. 4. In the sagittal view, angle from occlusal plane to mesio-distal axis increased between stage 4 and 8. 5. In the frontal view, angle from occlusal plane to bucco-lingual axis increased continuously during all stage. 6. In the horizontal view, angle from midsagittal plane to long axis increased between stage 5 and 8.