The Signing of the Geneva Convention of 1864 and the Creation of China Red Cross Society

Ling Yan 대한적십자사 인도법연구소 2014 人道法論叢 Vol.- No.34

Novel GRN mutations in Koreans with Alzheimer’s disease

Lingyan Shen,Seong Soo A. An,Eva Bagyinszky,Vo Van Giau,Seong Hye Choi,SangYun Kim 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2019 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.15 No.3

Backgrounds: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are the two most common neurodegenerative diseases leading to early onset dementia (<65 years). Mutations in the amyloid precursor protein, presenilin, and presenilin 2 genes are involved in some cases of familial early-onset AD (EOAD), while the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) and progranulin (GRN) mutations have been mainly identified in FTD patients. Clinically, FTD was often misdiagnosed and confused with AD or psychiatric disorders, which could be a challenge in disease diagnosis. Methods: We performed mutation analysis of GRN in 89 Korean patients with clinically diagnosed EOAD. In silico predictions were also performed for the variants to estimate their role in different disorders. Results: No pathological mutations in MAPT was identified, but we identified two novel genetic variations in the GRN gene: p.Leu585Phe (c.1767G>T) and c.IVS8+23_+26delTGGG, which occurred independently in two EOAD patients (frequenct of 2/89, 2.2%). Using a combination of clinical and association studies, in silico prediction, and 3-D modeling software, we suggest that both mutations are probably pathogenic and involved in FTD. Conclusion: Our data suggest that it would be important to re-examine EOAD patients who had been diagnosed when the FTD spectrum was not well described and the causative FTD genes had not yet been identified. In addition, we propose initially analyzing genes associated with the first form of suspected dementia and, if the results are negative, studying genes implicated in the other form of dementia.v

Effects of light quality, light intensity, and photoperiod on growth and yield of cherry radish grown under red plus blue LEDs

Lingyan Zhang,Wenke Liu 한국원예학회 2018 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.59 No.4

For more plant species to be suitable for plant factory production, their optimal light regimes need to be optimized. We evaluatedthe efects of light quality, light intensity, and photoperiod on the growth and yield of cherry radish grown under redplus blue LEDs in a controlled environment. Radish plants were cultivated under two light qualities with diferent red:blueratios (1R:1B, 2R:1B) at three light intensities (180, 240, 300 μmol m−2 s−1) or two photoperiods (12 h/12 h, 16 h/8 h),respectively. The light quality 2R:1B increased root diameter, root volume, and the biomass of shoot and root comparedto light quality 1R:1B under a light intensity of 240 and 300 μmol m−2 s−1, but the growth diferences between 1R:1B and2R:1B were signifcant when the light intensity was 240 μmol m−2 s−1. New leaf chlorophyll content, root growth indicesand the root-shoot ratio increased with light intensity. Cherry radish only formed storage roots with commercial value whenlight intensity was equal to or over 240 μmol m−2 s−1. The root diameter, root volume, root-shoot ratio, and the biomass ofshoot and root of plants grown in the 2R:1B treatment was signifcantly higher than those in the 1R:1B treatment under the16 h/8 h photoperiod. However, no signifcant diference was observed in the 12 h/12 h photoperiod. These results indicatedthat light regime in combination with a light intensity between 240 and 300 μmol m−2 s−1, the light quality 2R:1B, and a16 h/8 h photoperiod produced appropriate growth of cherry radish in plant factory settings using an LED light source. Inconclusion, the production of commercial storage roots in cherry radish is primarily dependent on light intensity, followed bylight quality and photoperiod. Furthermore, the efectiveness of light quality regulation of storage roots was highly dependedon light intensity and photoperiod.

Experimental study of frost growth on a horizontal cold surface under forced convection

Lingyan Huang,Zhongliang Liu,Yaomin Liu,Yujun Gou 대한기계학회 2010 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.24 No.7

Frost formation on a horizontal copper surface under low air temperature and forced convection conditions is investigated experimentally. Both the frost crystals pattern and the frost layer thickness formed on the cold plate are compared under different experimental conditions. The environmental variables considered in this study include the ambient temperature (T∞), air relative humidity (φ ), and velocity (v), as well as the cold surface temperature (Tw). The tested ranges are -5≤T∞≤5 °C, 50%≤φ ≤80%, 2.2≤v≤8.0 m/s, -16.8≤Tw≤-25.5 °C. The experimental results show the cold surface temperature and the air relative humidity have obvious effects on the frost growth: the frost layer thickness increases strongly with the decreasing cold surface temperature and increasing air relative humidity. The air temperature and air velocity or Reynolds number are also important factors affecting the frost crystals’ growth and thickness. With the increase of the air temperature and velocity, the frost crystals become denser, and the frost layer thickness become thicker, but this trend becomes weaker under higher air temperature and velocity.

Efficiency Aimed Optimization of Two-stage Coal Gasification Generated Syngas Reforming into SNG and DME Process Using Aspen Plus

Lingyan Deng,Li-Hua Xu(하려화),Hyung-Taek Kim(김형택) 한국에너지기후변화학회 2015 한국에너지기후변화학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.11

Optimal Bit Allocation Adaptive Modulation Algorithm for MIMO System

Fan, Lingyan,He, Chen,Feng, Guorui The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2007 Journal of communications and networks Vol.9 No.2

In this paper, an adaptive minimum transmit power modulation scheme under constant data rate and fixed bit error rate (BER) for the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system is proposed. It adjusts the modulation order and allocates the transmit power to each spatial sub-channel when meeting the user's requirements at the cost of minimum transmission power. Compared to the other algorithm, it can obtain good performance with lower computational complexity and can be applied to the wireless communication system. Computer simulation results present the efficiency of the proposed scheme. And its performance under different channel condition has been compared with the other algorithm.

Effects of feeding different levels of dietary corn silage on growth performance, rumen fermentation and bacterial community of post-weaning dairy calves

Li Lingyan,Qu Jiachen,Zhu Huan,Liu Yuqin,Wu Jianhao,Shao Guang,Guan Xianchao,Qu Yongli 아세아·태평양축산학회 2024 Animal Bioscience Vol.37 No.2

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth performance, rumen fermentation parameters and bacterial community of post-weaning dairy calves in response to five diets varying in corn silage (CS) inclusion.Methods: A total of forty Holstein weaned bull calves (80±3 days of age;128.2±5.03 kg at study initiation) were randomized into five groups (8 calves/group) with each receiving one of five dietary treatments offered as total mixed ration in a 123-d feeding study. Dietary treatments were control diet (CON; 0% CS dry matter [DM]); Treatment 1 (T1; 27.2% CS DM); Treatment 2 (T2; 46.5% CS DM); Treatment 3 (T3; 54.8% CS DM); and Treatment 4 (T4; 67.2% CS DM) with all diets balanced for similar protein and energy concentration.Results: Results showed that calves offered CS had greater average daily gain, body length and chest depth growth, meanwhile altered rumen fermentation indicated by decreased rumen acetate concentrations. Principal coordinate analysis showed the rumen bacterial community structure was affected by varying CS inclusion diets. <i>Bacteroidetes</i> and <i>Firmicutes</i> were the predominant bacterial phyla in the calf rumens across all treatments. At the genus level, the abundance of <i>Bacteroidales_RF16_group</i> was increased, whereas <i>Unclassified_ Lachnospiraceae</i> was decreased for calves fed CS. Furthermore, Spearman’s correlation test between the rumen bacteria and rumen fermentation parameters indicated that <i>Bacteroidales_RF16_group</i> and <i>Unclassified Lachnospiraceae</i> were positively correlated with propionate and acetate, respectively.Conclusion: The results of the current study suggested that diet CS inclusion was beneficial for post-weaning dairy calf growth, with 27.2% to 46.5% CS of diet DM recommended to achieve improved growth performance. <i>Bacteroidales_RF16_group</i> and <i>Unclassified Lachnospiraceae</i> play an important role in the rumen fermentation pattern for post-weaning calves fed CS.

중국 상표권 침해에 대한 징벌적 배상제도의 실전탐색

주령연 ( Zhou Lingyan ),곽의 ( Guo Yi ),제혜금 ( Zhu Huiqin ) 단국대학교 법학연구소 2021 법학논총 Vol.45 No.2

상표법에 징벌적 배상제도를 도입한 이래 최근 몇 년 동안 연구에서 뜨거운 화제가 되고 있다. 지식재산권 산업은 최근 왕성하게 발전하고 있으며, 국민들도 지식재산권을 보호하려는 의식이 끊임없이 상승하고 있다. 입법 측면에서 중국은 이미 지적재산권에 대한 징벌적 배상제도를 구축하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 발전과정에서 특허권 침해문제가 끊이지 않고 있으며, 특히 상표권 침해가 심각한 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 상표법에 징벌적 배상제도를 도입할 필요가 있다. 상표법의 징벌적 배상제도의 도입은 침해 행위를 억제하고 권리자의 이익을 보호하는 데 효과적이다. 그러나 최근 연구자가 조사한 자료에 따르면 상표법상 징벌적 배상 조항이 있음에도 법원은 이를 거의 사용하지 않고 대부분 보상적 배상 조항을 사용하고 있다. 상표법 63조의 규정이 허술하고 침해 인정 요건에 대한 세부 규정이 없어 논란이 크기 때문이다. 특히 배상지수의 산정, 절차적 보장, 법정 배상과 징벌적 배상 혼선 등 문제가 두드러지게 나타나고 있다. 이로 인해 실무 판사들 사이에서도 징벌적 배상의 조항을 적용하는 데 문제가 많다. 징벌적 배상제도는 징벌을 핵심기능으로 본 연구는 최근 징벌적 배상제도가 실전에 활용되고 있는 것에 근거하여 이론과 실전 측면의 문제점을 모색하고 발견된 문제점에 근거하여 일부 보완적 조언을 제시하여 징벌적 배상제도의 보완점을 찾고자 한다. Since the introduction of the punitive compensation system in the Trademark Law, it has become a hot topic in recent years. The intellectual property industry has been booming in recent years, and citizens’ awareness of protecting intellectual property rights has also been increasing. In terms of legislation, China has completed the construction of the punitive compensation system for intellectual property rights. However, in the process of development, there have been some infringement problems, especially in the trademark infringement. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce punitive compensation system in trademark law. The introduction of the punitive compensation system in Trademark Law can effectively curb the occurrence of infringement and safeguard the interests of the obligee. However, according to the information collected in recent years, the author found that although the Trademark Law stipulates the punitive damages clause, the court rarely uses this clause in the trial, and most of them use the compensatory damages clause. The main reason is that the provisions in Article 63 of the Trademark Law are relatively rough and the conditions for identifying infringement are not specified in detail, which leads to disputes in many aspects. In particular, there are some prominent problems such as determining the compensation base, perfecting the procedural guarantee and confusing the legal compensation and punitive compensation. As a result, there are still many problems in the application of punitive damages clause in practical judges. The punitive compensation system takes punishment as its core function and restraining as its objective function, so it should be applied in priority under the situation of multiple legal responsibilities. It is necessary to grasp the constitutive elements of punitive compensation liability in judicial judgment. At the same time, correct use of calculation rules. This paper, starting from practice, based on the punitive damages system in recent years in practice, to explore the system in theory and practice of the existing problems, and according to some of the problems found some suggestions for improvement, to promote the improvement and update of the punitive damages system.

결합가 이론과 말뭉치 방법을 적용한 유의어 분석 연구

마릉연 ( Ma Lingyan ),유나 ( Liu Na ) 인천대학교 사회과학연구원 2020 사회과학연구 Vol.13 No.2

기존의 한국어 유의어 교육 연구에서는 형태, 의미, 문법의 차이를 의존하고 이를 바탕으로 한국어교육에 활용한다. 그러나 학습자들은 어휘를 정확하게 사용하려면 해당 어휘가 어떤 단어와 관련성을 맺고, 어떠한 통사 구조를 가지며, 어떠한 기능적 의미를 가지는지에 대한 관련성을 파악해야 한다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구에서는 21세기 세종 현대국어 문어 형태분석 말뭉치를 활용하여 말뭉치 주도 연구와 말뭉치 기반 연구 방법을 다 취한 혼성적인 연구 방법을 사용하였다. 본 연구에서는 먼저 유의어 분석에 적용 가능한 결합가 이론과 말뭉치 분석 범주를 살펴보았다. 이를 바탕으로 유의어 변별에 적용할 가능성을 분석함으로써 유의어 변별의 활용 방안을 제안하였다. 이에 대한 실천으로 ‘싸우다-다투다’, ‘공부하다-배우다’, ‘견디다-참다’를 연구대상으로 삼아 어휘의 문형구조, 공기 경향성, 연접범주 등 층위에서 구체적인 용례를 살펴보고 유의어의 의미 차이를 기술하였다. 본 연구에서는 결합가 이론과 말뭉치의 활용 방안을 제안하고 구체적인 사례를 통해 입증해 보였다는 데 의미가 있다. 또한 이러한 연구의 결과물이 유의어 교육 내용 구축이나 교육 방안 마련하는데 기여할 수 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 그 결과물이 한국어교육 현장에 기여하리라고 확신한다. The previous researches have studied the differences between synonyms with theories in morphology, semantics and grammar, and then applied the findings to the teaching practice of Korean language. However, if learners want to use a word appropriately, it is needed to have a good knowledge of the word’s related vocabulary, syntactic structures and semantic roles. Based on this assumption, this study has employed the 21st Saison Corpus and combined the corpus-driven approach with corpus-based approach. This article starts with identifying the analysis range of Valence theory and the corpus, and then explores the possibility of applying these two to differentiate synonyms. As a practice, it takes three synonyms ‘싸우다-다투다’, ‘공부하다-배우다’, ‘견디다-참다’ as the subjects and analyzes their differences in the aspects of vocabulary framework, semantic preference and semantic prosody. This research is meaningful in putting forward a set of applications which could combine Valence Theory and corpus to differentiate synonyms and verifying these applications with typical examples. Meanwhile, the research findings also play a positive role in constructing synonyms education content and related education programs.

Coal structure change by ionic liquid pretreatment for enhancement of fixed-bed gasification with steam and CO2

윤상필,Lingyan Deng,남궁훤,Shumin Fan,강태진,김형택 한국화학공학회 2018 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.35 No.2

An innovative pretreatment of Indonesian low-rank coal (ILRC) by 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) ionic liquid (IL) was conducted. The obtained IL pretreated coal had a loose and porous structure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis showed that pretreated ILRC had a stronger absorption ability and an increased average pore size (from 23.6 to 51.8 nm). Steam-coal gasification was conducted to explore the effect of coal pretreatment. The result showed that 1.63-times more hydrogen was generated from pretreated coal compared to original (i.e., untreated) coal, and carbon conversion (Xc) increased from 89.03 to 97.25%. During CO2 coal gasification, IL pretreated coal had a greater CO2 consumption potential and generated more CO. The chemical exergy of syngas of the pretreated coal gasification was higher than that of the untreated coal gasification with CO2 at 900 oC. In addition, pretreated coal emitted less CO2 than untreated coal at 900 oC.