Effects of light quality, light intensity, and photoperiod on growth and yield of cherry radish grown under red plus blue LEDs

Lingyan Zhang,Wenke Liu 한국원예학회 2018 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.59 No.4

For more plant species to be suitable for plant factory production, their optimal light regimes need to be optimized. We evaluatedthe efects of light quality, light intensity, and photoperiod on the growth and yield of cherry radish grown under redplus blue LEDs in a controlled environment. Radish plants were cultivated under two light qualities with diferent red:blueratios (1R:1B, 2R:1B) at three light intensities (180, 240, 300 μmol m−2 s−1) or two photoperiods (12 h/12 h, 16 h/8 h),respectively. The light quality 2R:1B increased root diameter, root volume, and the biomass of shoot and root comparedto light quality 1R:1B under a light intensity of 240 and 300 μmol m−2 s−1, but the growth diferences between 1R:1B and2R:1B were signifcant when the light intensity was 240 μmol m−2 s−1. New leaf chlorophyll content, root growth indicesand the root-shoot ratio increased with light intensity. Cherry radish only formed storage roots with commercial value whenlight intensity was equal to or over 240 μmol m−2 s−1. The root diameter, root volume, root-shoot ratio, and the biomass ofshoot and root of plants grown in the 2R:1B treatment was signifcantly higher than those in the 1R:1B treatment under the16 h/8 h photoperiod. However, no signifcant diference was observed in the 12 h/12 h photoperiod. These results indicatedthat light regime in combination with a light intensity between 240 and 300 μmol m−2 s−1, the light quality 2R:1B, and a16 h/8 h photoperiod produced appropriate growth of cherry radish in plant factory settings using an LED light source. Inconclusion, the production of commercial storage roots in cherry radish is primarily dependent on light intensity, followed bylight quality and photoperiod. Furthermore, the efectiveness of light quality regulation of storage roots was highly dependedon light intensity and photoperiod.

Effects of constant versus fl uctuating red–blue LED radiation on yield and quality of hydroponic purple-leaf lettuce

Mingjie Shao,Wenke Liu,Lingyan Zha,Chengbo Zhou,Yubin Zhang,Baoshi Li 한국원예학회 2020 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.61 No.6

This study investigated the eff ects of constant light and alternating relatively high-intensity (500 μmol m −2 s −1 ) and lowintensity(150 μmol m −2 s −1 ) red–blue LEDs (4R:1B) on the biomass production and quality of hydroponic purple-leaf lettuce( Lactuca sativa L. cv. ‘Zishan’) in an environmentally controlled plant factory. Four treatments were set up to separate1 h of high light into four diff erent alternating frequencies in a 24-h light−dark cycle (16/8 h): one time (A1), three times(A3), six times (A6), and twelve times (A12). In addition, one constant light treatment with the same daily light integral(DLI, 9.8 mol m −2 per day) as other treatments was set as the control (CK, 170 μmol m −2 s −1 ). The results indicated thatA6 signifi cantly reduced shoot fresh weight and increased the root–shoot ratio of lettuce compared with CK, but there wasno signifi cant diff erence among other treatments. Alternating light treatments did not promote the accumulation of solublesugar, soluble protein, and phenolic substances compared with CK. Meanwhile, A12 signifi cantly promoted the accumulationof total ascorbate (TA) in lettuce leaves compared with other treatments but decreased ascorbate/TA ratio. Above all, underthe same DLI condition, alternating high and low light did not have obvious positive eff ects on biomass production and theaccumulation of nutrient substance in lettuce under constant light was better than that under alternating light. Therefore,compared with the fl uctuating radiation with the same DLI, constant radiation is a better choice for lettuce production.

Effects of red/blue versus white LED light of different intensities on the growth and organic carbon and autotoxin secretion of hydroponic lettuce

Chengbo Zhou,Qi Wang,Wenke Liu,Baoshi Li,Mingjie Shao,Yubin Zhang 한국원예학회 2022 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.63 No.2

Light is a crucial signal for plant growth, development, and secondary metabolism. Exploring the effects of light on autotoxin secretion in lettuce can be helpful for improving the utilization efficiency of the nutrient solution in plant factories. The effects of white light (WL) and the combination of red (R) and blue (B) light (RB, 4R:1B) at different intensities (150, 200, and 250 μmol m −2 s −1) on the growth and root exudates of hydroponic lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were studied in a closed plant factory. The lettuce biomass and photosynthetic rate increased with the increasing light intensity, and the photosynthetic rate was significantly lower under WL than under RB at both 200 and 250 μmol m −2 s −1 . Lettuce under WL had the longest root length and highest root surface area at 200 μmol m −2 s −1 , while the root length, root surface area, and root volume under RB were the highest at 250 μmol m −2 s −1 . Total organic carbon (TOC) content of root exudates in the nutrient solution based on shoot or root dry weight decreased with the increasing light intensity. With the increase in light intensity, the secretion of four autotoxins (benzoic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, and tannic acid) based on shoot dry weight and root dry weight decreased under WL. Compared with RB, WL significantly reduced the secretion of autotoxins at 250 μmol m −2 s −1 . In conclusion, 250 μmol m −2 s −1 white light should be used for high lettuce yield, and it could also decrease the autotoxins in the nutrient solution and the occurrence of autotoxicity.

学生学业自我效能感与学习投入的关系 -围绕自尊的中介作用-

曹俊 ( Cao-jun ),刘文科 ( Liu-wenke ),李增杰 ( Li-zengjie ) 경상대학교 교육연구원 2022 중등교육연구 Vol.34 No.1

사회가 발전함에 따라, 국내외 많은 학자들은 점점 대학생의 학습몰입에 주목하기 시작했다. 대학생의 학업에 있어서 학업능률성과 학습몰입의 관계는 학업효과에 매우 중요한 영향을 미치고 있으며, 그 구체적인 영향 메커니즘은 교육연구자의 주목을 받고 있다. 그러나 대학생의 사회지지능력 인지 및 학업능률성과 자존감이 학습몰입에 영향을 미치는 중요한 지표임에도 불구하고, 이러한 변수의 구체적인 영향 메커니즘에 대하여 충분히 연구하는 학자는 아직 없어 보인다. 본 연구는 칭다오시 모 대학교 195명의 대학생을 연구대상으로 삼았으며, 학습몰입량표를 사용하여 조사가 진행되었고, 학업능률성과 자존감이 학습몰입에 미치는 구체적인 영향 메커니즘을 연구하였다. 연구 결과, 대학생 집단의 학업능률성과 자존감은 유의미한 상관관계가 있다고 나타났다. 대학생의 학업능률성은 학습몰입에 직접적인 영향을 줄 수 있으며, 자존감이 높을수록 학습몰입에 긍정적인 효과를 줄 수 있다고 나타났다. 따라서 학교는 교육과정에서 학생들의 학업능률성과 자존감을 중점적인 관심대상으로 삼아야 하고, 대학생들이 돌발상황에 마주했을 때 스스로 긍정적인 마인드로 의연하게 대처하도록 도와야 하며, 더 나아가 대학생들의 학습몰입도를 또한 높여야 할 것이다. With the need of social development, more and more scholars at home and abroad began to pay attention to college students' learning investment. College students' academic self-efficacy and learning engagement, as important factors affecting the learning effect, have been widely concerned by educational researchers and practitioners. College students' ability to comprehend social support, academic self-efficacy and self-esteem are important indicators affecting their learning engagement, but no scholars have fully explored the specific influence mechanism of these variables. In this study, 204 students from a university in Qingdao were surveyed by using the academic self-efficacy scale, self-esteem scale and learning engagement scale, and the relationship and mechanism of academic self-efficacy, self-esteem and learning engagement scale were discussed. The results show that academic self-efficacy is positively correlated with self-esteem. Academic self-efficacy not only has a direct positive impact on learning engagement, but also has an impact on college students' learning engagement through the mediating effect of self-esteem. School teaching should focus on cultivating students' academic self-efficacy and self-esteem, face their studies with a positive attitude, such as COVID-19, and help students improve their learning engagement.

Chinese medical drugs for coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Wentai Pang,Zhi Liu,Nan Li,Yuyun Li,Fengwen Yang,Pang Bo,Xin-Yao Jin,Wenke Zheng,Junhua Zhang 한국한의학연구원 2020 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.9 No.3

Background: Integration of Chinese medical drugs (CMD) and western medicine (WM) has been widely used in the treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CMD for COVID-19. Method: A literature search was performed in six databases from injection to June 2020. Both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs were considered as eligible. The quality of included RCTs were assessed by Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, and Review Manager 5.3 software was used to do meta-analysis. Result: Eleven studies with 1259 patients were included in this study. CMD included herbal decoction and Chinese patent medicine. The methodological quality was evaluated as generally unclear. The results of meta-analysis showed that the integration of CMD and WM had better efficacy than WM in number of patients turned to severe and critical type (RR = 0.47, 95% CI=[0.32, 0.69], P < 0.0001), length of hospital stay (MD= -7.95, 95% CI=[-14.66, -1.24], P = 0.02), defervescence time (MD= -1.20, 95% CI=[-2.03, -0.38], P = 0.004), cough resolution rate (RR = 1.37, 95% CI=[1.15, 1.64], P = 0.0004), fatigue resolution rate (RR = 1.37, 95% CI=[1.02, 1.83], P = 0.04), and tachypnea resolution rate (RR = 2.20, 95% CI=[1.11, 4.39], P = 0.02). As for safety, there was no significant difference between two groups. Conclusion: CMD may bring potential benefit to patients suffered from COVID-19. However, the quality of included trials is not good enough. High quality study with core outcome set are still required.

Association between the severity of hypodontia and the characteristics of craniofacial morphology in a Chinese population: A cross-sectional study

Xin Xiong,Jiaqi Liu,Yange Wu,Chengxinyue Ye,Qinlanhui Zhang,Yufan Zhu,Wenke Yang,Jun Wang 대한치과교정학회 2023 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.53 No.3

Objective: To investigate craniofacial differences in individuals with hypodontia and explore the relationship between craniofacial features and the number of congenitally missing teeth. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 261 Chinese patients (males, 124; females, 137; age, 7–24 years), divided into four groups (without hypodontia: no teeth missing, mild: one or two missing teeth, moderate: three to five missing teeth, severe: six or more missing teeth) according to the number of congenitally missing teeth. Differences in cephalometric measurements among the groups were analyzed. Further, multivariate linear regression and smooth curve fitting were performed to evaluate the relationship between the number of congenitally missing teeth and the cephalometric measurements. Results: In patients with hypodontia, SNA, NA-AP, FH-NA, ANB, Wits, ANS-Me/N-Me, GoGn-SN, UL-EP, and LL-EP significantly decreased, while Pog-NB, AB-NP, N-ANS, and S-Go/N-Me significantly increased. In multivariate linear regression analysis, SNB, Pog-NB, and S-Go/N-Me were positively related to the number of congenitally missing teeth. In contrast, NA-AP, FH-NA, ANB, Wits, N-Me, ANS-Me, ANS-Me/N-Me, GoGn-SN, SGn-FH (Y-axis), UL-EP, and LL-EP were negatively related, with absolute values of regression coefficients ranging from 0.147 to 0.357. Further, NA-AP, Pog-NB, S-Go/N-Me, and GoGn-SN showed the same tendency in both sexes, whereas UL-EP and LL-EP were different. Conclusions: Compared with controls, patients with hypodontia tend toward a Class III skeletal relationship, reduced lower anterior face height, flatter mandibular plane, and more retrusive lips. The number of congenitally missing teeth had a greater effect on certain characteristics of craniofacial morphology in males than in females.

Customized maxillary incisor position relative to dentoskeletal and soft tissue patterns in Chinese women: A retrospective study

Zhou Xueman,Zheng Yingcheng,Zhang Zhenzhen,Zhang Zihan,Wu Lina,Liu Jiaqi,Yang Wenke,Wang Jun 대한치과교정학회 2022 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.52 No.2

Objective: To provide reliable prediction models based on dentoskeletal and soft tissue variables for customizing maxillary incisor positions and to optimize digitalized orthodontic treatment planning. Methods: This study included 244 Chinese women (age, 18–40 years old) with esthetic profiles after orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (133 in group I: 1° ≤ The angle between the nasion [N]-A point [A] plane and the N-B point [B] plane [ANB] ≤ 4°; 111 in group II: 4° < ANB ≤ 7°). Dental, skeletal, and soft tissue measurements were performed on lateral cephalograms of the participants. Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine the influence of dentoskeletal and soft tissue variables on maxillary incisor position. Results: The ideal anteroposterior position of the maxillary incisor varied between sagittal skeletal patterns. The position of the maxillary incisor correlated with the sagittal discrepancy between the maxilla and the mandible (ANB), protrusion of the midface, nasal tip projection, development of the chin, and inclination of both the maxillary and mandibular incisors. Distance from the maxillary central incisor to nasion-pogonion plane predicted using multiple linear regression analysis was accurate and could be a practical measurement in orthodontic treatment planning. Conclusions: Instead of using an average value or norm, orthodontists should customize a patient’s ideal maxillary incisor position using dentoskeletal and soft tissue evaluations.