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The Effects of Touch Button Size to the Operability of Touchscreen
Jinghong Xiong,Satoshi Muraki,Kiyotaka Fukumoto 대한인간공학회 2014 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.5
The present study investigated the influence of button size on the operability of a touch panel screen and compared this influence between young adults and the elderly. Twenty-one young adults (age: 22.3±1.5 years) and twenty elderly people (age: 68.1±4.9 years) operated the interface of a touch panel screen with their right index finger. It displayed 0-9 numeric square buttons at 6 different size conditions (6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 mm). Smaller buttons at and below 10 mm increased the operation time and error rate, and decreased the subjective overall operability. The influence of button size was greater in the elderly than in the young adults. The reaction positions were located to the right of the center of the button, which made the reaction position approach the right outline of the button, especially for smaller buttons. These results suggest that smaller buttons should be avoided in interfaces on touch panel screens, especially those used by the elderly.
The Effects of Touch Button Size to the Operability of Touchscreen
( Jinghong Xiong ),( Satoshi Muraki ),( Kiyotaka Fukumoto ) 한국감성과학회 2014 춘계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.-
The present study investigated the influence of button size on the operability of a touch panel screen and compared this influence between young adults and the elderly. Twenty-one young adults (age: 22.3±1.5 years) and twenty elderly people (age: 68.1±4.9 years) operated the interface of a touch panel screen with their right index finger. It displayed 0-9 numeric square buttons at 6 different size conditions (6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 mm). Smaller buttons at and below 10 mm increased the operation time and error rate, and decreased the subjective overall operability. The influence of button size was greater in the elderly than in the young adults. The reaction positions were located to the right of the center of the button, which made the reaction position approach the right outline of the button, especially for smaller buttons. These results suggest that smaller buttons should be avoided in interfaces on touch panel screens, especially those used by the elderly.
Jinghong Wang,Wenyu Yan,Han Xu,Youran Zhi,Zhirong Wang,Juncheng Jiang 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.22 No.3
Emergency evacuation in subway fires is one of the hot issues in public safety. Based on Bayesian theory, a dynamic evacuation risk analysis model considering both psychological and behavioral responses of evacuees was proposed in this contribution. A subway fire scene was modeled using the Event Tree Analysis (ETA) according to the questionnaire survey at Nanjing Xinjiekou station. In this fire scenario, three control events (the fire alarm, the exhaust system and the evacuation route) were related to fire evacuation control and two control events (active escape and passive escape), which were specifically defined, were related to personnel characteristics. Subsequently, the probability of the final state of each scene was calculated by Monte Carlo simulation. Combined with the statistics of accidents and safe evacuation of subway fire cases from 1976 to 2013, the posterior probability distribution of safety evacuation was obtained after real-time dynamic updating of its precursor probability through Bayesian theory. Results show that the posterior probability of safety evacuation to succeed is around 0.8. This indicates that there is still a probability of 0.2 resulting in injury or fatalities in subway accidents even though most passengers are safely evacuated. It also suggests that utilization of 0.2 as the safety threshold would be an appropriate choice.
Synthesis of CdS, ZnS, and CdS/ZnS Core/Shell Nanocrystals Using Dodecanethiol
Jinzhong Niu,Weiwei Xu,Huaibin Shen,Sen Li,Hongzhe Wang,Lin Song Li 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.2
We report a new route to synthesize high quality zinc blende CdS and ZnS nanocrystals in noncoordinating solvent 1-octadecene, using dodecanethiol (DDT) molecules as both the sulfur source and surface capping ligands. Different reaction temperatures and Cd(Zn)/DDT molar ratios were tested to optimize the synthesis conditions. Absorption photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize assynthesized nanocrystals. The narrow half width at the half-maximum on the long wavelength side of the firstexcitonic absorption peak and TEM images demonstrated nearly monodisperse size distributions of asprepared CdS, ZnS, and CdS/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals. Only trap emissions of the nanocrystals were detected when the amount of DDT was excessive, this came from the strong quenching effect of thiol groups on the nanocrystal surfaces. After overcoating with ZnS shells, band-gap emissions of CdS nanocrystals were partially recovered.
Jinzhong Lin,Baozhen Hua,Zhiping Xu,Sha Li,Chengjie Ma 한국축산식품학회 2016 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.36 No.4
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of proteolytic pork hydrolysate (PPH) on yoghurt production by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. Fresh lean pork was cut into pieces and mixed with deionized water and dealt with protease, then the resulting PPH was added to milk to investigate the effects of PPH on yoghurt production. The fermentation time, the viable cell counts, the flavor, free amino acids compounds, and sensory evaluation of yoghurt were evaluated. These results showed that PPH significantly stimulated the growth and acidification of the both bacterial strains. When the content of PPH reached 5% (w/w), the increased acidifying rate occurred, which the fermentation time was one hour less than that of the control, a time saving of up to 20% compared with the control. The viable cell counts, the total free amino acids, and the scores of taste, flavor and overall acceptability in PPH-supplemented yoghurt were higher than the control. Furthermore, the contents of some characteristic flavor compounds including acids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and esters were richer than the control. We concluded that the constituents of PPH such as small peptide, vitamins, and minerals together to play the stimulatory roles and result in beneficial effect for the yoghurt starter cultures growth.
Jinghong Wang,Manman Chen,Wenyu Yan,Youran Zhi,Zhirong Wang 대한토목학회 2019 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.23 No.1
In public gathering places, pedestrian flow congestion may happen in transportation bottlenecks. Limitations exist in the conventional judgment of congestion by considering the crowd density or the walking speed merely. In this paper, a data-driven mathematical approach based on Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) to analyze the probability of pedestrian flow congestion is proposed, which comprehensively considers the walking speed, the crowd density and the flow rate when pedestrians walk towards possible bottlenecks. With the case study of Nanjing metro station during rush hours, the advantages of non-parametric KDE compared with traditional parametric normal distribution estimation are analyzed and the optimal bandwidth for KDE is also discussed. The case study shows that the proposed method can obtain a more reliable quantitative assessment of congestion risk, as it overcomes the limitation of parametric estimation that relies on experience, and also avoids biased assessment of congestion that merely concerns single parameter of pedestrian flow. Finally, an assessment framework for dynamic congestion risk at bottlenecks is suggested. With this framework, the change of congestion situations of a monitored region can be mastered through data-driven approach, and thus the transformation of normal flowing to congestion of the crowd can be quantified through probabilistic analysis.
Jinghong Zhou,Long Zhao,Hong Chen,Mingguang Zhang,Zhijun Sui,Xinggui Zhou 한국화학공학회 2010 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.27 No.5
Carbon nanofiber (CNFs) supported Ru catalysts for sorbitol hydrogenolysis to ethylene glycol and propylene glycol were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation, calcination and reduction. The effect of calcination on catalyst properties was investigated using thermal gravimetry analysis, temperature-programmed reduction, X-ray diffraction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and N2 physisorption. The results indicated that calcination introduced a great amount of surface oxygen-containing groups (SOCGs) onto CNF surface and induced the phase transformation of Ru species, but slightly changed the texture of Ru/CNFs. The catalytic performance in sorbitol hydrogenolysis showed that Ru/CNFs catalyst calcined at 240 oC presented the highest glycol selectivities and reasonable glycol yields. It was believed that the inhibition and confinement effect of SOCGs around Ru particles as well as the high dispersion of Ru particles was the key factor for the catalytic activity.