Pollen record of the mid- to late-Holocene centennial climate change on the East coast of South Korea and its influential factors

Song, Bing,Yi, Sangheon,Jia, Hongjuan,Nahm, Wook-Hyun,Kim, Jin-Cheul,Lim, Jaesoo,Lee, Jin-Young,Sha, Longbin,Mao, Limi,Yang, Zhongyong,Nakanishi, Toshimichi,Hong, Wan,Li, Zhen Elsevier 2018 Journal of Asian earth sciences Vol.151 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>To understand historical climate change in western Pacific coastal areas, a sediment core (SOJ-2) from the stable sedimentary environment of the Songjiho Lagoon on the east coast of South Korea was obtained for centennial-resolution palynological analysis. The ages of the SOJ-2 core is well controlled by carbon 14 dating with high-resolution accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS), and the results indicated a general warm to cold climate trend from the mid-Holocene to the present, which can be divided into two different stages: a warmer stage between 6842 and 1297 cal yr BP and a colder stage from 1297 cal yr BP to the present, with fluctuations during these stages. The climate was wetter from 6842 to 6227 cal yr BP and 4520 to 1297 cal yr BP and was drier from 6227 to 4520 cal yr BP. The climate changed to cold and dry during the period from 1297–425 cal yr BP. The impact of human activity on the climate began at approximately 1297 cal yr BP and became pronounced starting in 425 cal yr BP. The general cooling trend may represent a response to decreasing solar insolation; however, the relative dryness or wetness of the climate may have been co-determined by westerlies and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). The climate had a teleconnection with the North Atlantic region, resulting from changes in solar activity. Nevertheless, EI Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) activity played an important role in impacting the EASM changes in western Pacific coastal areas.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> There is a centennial resolution climate record from 6842 cal yr BP to present. </LI> <LI> The general cooling trend was probably triggered by decreasing solar insolation. </LI> <LI> The precipitation was co-determined by westerlies and the East Asian Summer Monsoon. </LI> <LI> The ENSO activity may be an important factor for East Asian Summer Monsoon change. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

헌신의 대가: 한국전쟁 중국군 포로의 귀국 이후 삶

이사사 ( Li Sha-sha ),손준식 ( Son Jun-sik ) 호남사학회(구 전남사학회) 2018 역사학연구 Vol.72 No.-

1950년 발발한 한국전쟁은 유엔군과 중국군의 개입으로 국제전으로 확대되었고 포로문제로 정전이 지연됨으로써 3년 이상 전투가 계속되었다. 긴 협상과 곡절 끝에 중국군 포로 중 1만4천여 명은 대만을 선택하였고 7천여 명만 본국으로 되돌아왔다. 수용소 생활과 귀국 투쟁을 이겨내고 송환된 중국군 포로들은 심사를 거친 후 대부분 당적과 군적을 박탈당하고 고향으로 돌려보내졌다. 귀향 후 포로였다는 이유로 취업과 승진 및 진학이 어려웠을 뿐 아니라 가족들도 백안시당하였다. 특히 반우파투쟁과 문화대혁명 시기 叛徒, 特務, 間諜 취급을 받으며 잔혹한 비판투쟁 속에 목숨을 잃거나 스스로 생을 마감하기도, 온 식구가 下放당하기도 하였다. 문혁 종결 후 명예회복과 복권을 위해 노력한 결과, 1980년 중공 中央軍事委의 귀국 포로 문제에 관한 재심사 의견을 이끌어내었지만 아직도 당적과 군적 및 합당한 대우를 회복하지 못한 사람들이 다수를 차지하고 있다. 본 연구는 참전 당시 “가장 아름다운 사람”으로 칭송되던 이들이 귀국 후 “가장 부끄러운 사람”으로 전락하게 된 이유와 배경을 분석하고 그들이 겪은 불행한 삶의 片鱗을 재구성함으로써 전쟁이 남긴 또 다른 상흔을 드러내보이고자 했다. After the intervention of the United Nations forces and Chinese troops in late 1950, the Korean War became an international war. Due to the problem about how to deal with the repatriation of prisoners, the armistice agreement could not be achieved for a long time and the war continued over three years. After the long-term negotiations and compromises were concluded, more than fourteen thousand prisoners were willing to go to Taiwan, while seven thousand prisoners went back to the Chinese mainland. After rough repatriation and strict examination, those combing back to China mostly were expelled from the Communist Party of China and then sent home. After returning to their hometowns, they could not get jobs or enter the higher school, needless to say that they had no opportunities to be promoted to higher positions. Moreover, their families and relatives suffered from the discrimination in society. During the Cultural Revolution and Anti-Rightist Campaign, they were regarded as traitors and spies. Suffering from the self-criticism, some prisoners persecuted, some who could not bear insult committed suicide, and some families were demoted. After the Cultural Revolution, their reputations and rights had been restored, and the Chinese Communist Party Central Military Commission indicated in 1980 to re-examine the problem of returned prisoners. Nonetheless, most of them have not still regained the party membership, military status, and normal treatment. This paper is designed to analyze the reasons and backgrounds of those people who experienced twist and turns from the loveliest men to the shameful ones. And it will state their misfortunes one by one and show the other kind of torture left by the Korean War.

文化大革命 시기(1966-1976) 『人民日報』 보도를 통해 본 중국 정부의 한국 인식

이사사(Li, Sha-sha),손준식(Son, Jun-sik) 한국외국어대학교 역사문화연구소 2021 역사문화연구 Vol.79 No.-

본 논문은 문화대혁명 시기 『인민일보』의 한국 관련 보도 분석을 통해 중국 정부의 한국 인식을 살펴본 연구이다. 전체 기사 수 통계 결과 문화대혁명 절정기와 1976년을 제외한 연평균 편수는 다른 시기와 큰 차이가 나지 않았다. 1970년 이후 기사가 급증하는데, 주로 한국전쟁, <中朝友好合作互助條約>, 남북적십자회담, 한·미 군사훈련, 베트남 전쟁 등 북한과 미국 관련 보도이며 북한 매체의 보도를 많이 이용했던 반면 한국 자체를 대상으로 한 기사는 매우 적었다. 정치 기사가 압도적으로 많고 그중에서도 외교 분야가 다수를 차지하고 있지만, 1971년 이후 한국의 민주화운동과 사회, 문화, 경제 분야에 관한 기사가 늘어나고 있다. 한국 정부에 대해 1972년부터 ‘傀儡’라는 용어 대신 ‘僞’라는 수식어와 ‘파시스트’ 등의 표현이 늘어나는 반면 미 제국주의란 호칭과 관련 기사에서 미국이 등장하는 빈도가 줄어들고 있다. 한국 사회를 ‘인간 지옥’ 또는 ‘철장 없는 감옥’ 등으로 묘사하면서도 朴正熙 정권과 미국에 항거하는 한국 청년학생과 인민에게는 동정적인 태도를 보이고 있다. 결국 문화대혁명 시기 한국 관련 『인민일보』의 보도는 중국의 유엔 가입을 계기로 크게 달라지고 있지만, 미국에 대한 비난과 언급을 자제한 것일 뿐 미국에 종속된 해방시켜야 할 한국이라는 기존 인식은 거의 변하지 않았음을 알 수 있다. 이는 중국 정부(인민)의 내면화된 ‘중국-서구의 이원적 세계관’과 ‘대중국-소한국 구조인식’에 기반한 대국주의적 한국관이 표출된 것으로 생각된다. This paper is to understand the Chinese government s cognition of South Korea by analyzing the People s Daily’s reports on South Korea during the period of the Cultural Revolution. According to the statistics of the total number of articles, the annual average number of articles is similar to other periods except for the peak of the Cultural Revolution and 1976. After 1970, there was a surge in reports, mainly about North Korea and the United States, such as the Korean War, Sino-North Korean Mutual Aid and Cooperation Friendship Treaty, inter-Korean Red Cross talks, South Korea-U.S. military exercises, and the Vietnam War. However, it makes use of the media in North-Korea, thus there were few reports about South Korea. At the beginning, the majority of the news reports was on politics, especially on diplomacy, but since 1971 there has been an increasing number of coverage on the democratic movement and social, cultural, and economic fields. Since 1972, the term fake and fascist have been used to refer to the Korean government instead of Puppet. On the contrary, the imperialist government of the United States has been used less frequently in terms of U.S. South Korea was described as a hell on earth or a prison without a cage, but it showed sympathy for the Park Chung-hee regime and the Korean students and people who fought against the United States. In the end, although during the period the Cultural Revolution, the People s Daily’s news reports of Korea changed greatly when China joined the United Nations, it only refitted its criticism and remarks against the United States, basically not changing the existied understanding that The liberation of Korea should belong to the United States . This is the perception of the China-Western Europe binary world view and the Greater China-Little Korea structure that the Chinese government has internalized. This is a manifestation of the great-power view of Korea based on the little-Korea Structure.

An Ionic Liquid Containing L-Proline Moiety as Highly Efficient and Recyclable Chiral Organocatalyst for Michael Addition

Jiang Li,Xia-Bing Li,Sha Sha Ma,Juan Liu,Ben Hao Li,Bao-Lin Li 대한화학회 2016 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.37 No.8

A novel chiral ionic liquid containing proline moiety was synthesized. It can be used as a highly efficient and recyclable chiral organocatalyst for Michael addition of cyclohexanone with (E)-β-nitroalkenes in methanol at room temperature. The Michael addition affords the corresponding products in satisfactory yields of isolated products (78–98%) with high diastereoselectivities and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98% dr and up to 99% ee). The catalyst can be recycled up to five times without any decrease in yields and stereoselectivities.

아라미드 종이의 특성에 대한 표면 개질 과정 조건의 영향

Li Zheng Sha,Hui Fang Zhao 한국고분자학회 2013 폴리머 Vol.37 No.2

Surface modification of meta-aramid fibers was performed by phosphoric acid treatment. Surface morphology and element composition of untreated and treated fibers were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Effects of surface modification on the mechanical strength of aramid papers made from meta-aramid fibers and fibrid were investigated. Surface modification conditions were optimized by response surface analysis (RSA). Results show that phosphoric acid treatment increases the surface roughness and oxygen content of aramid fibers. They improve the interface bonding strength between aramid fibers and fibrid, which improves the tensile strength of aramid papers. The results of response surface analysis indicate that the tensile strength of aramid papers increases by 47.5% and reaches the maximum when meta-aramid fibers are treated with 21.1wt% phosphoric acid solution at 39.3℃ for 36.7 min.

3-D Deformation Behavior Simulation of Cable Stitch Based on Particle System in Weft Knitted Fabrics

Sha Sha,Lei Luo,Zhongmin Deng,Dapeng Yuan,Bin Li,Xuewei Jiang,Hui Tao,Qufu Wei 한국섬유공학회 2018 Fibers and polymers Vol.19 No.9

The static simulation of weft knitting can be efficiently realized by graphics simulation techniques, but there still remains a challenge for mechanical models. The lack of practical mechanical models significantly limit the realistic deformation behaviors of complex cable stitches, which lead to a great different between the simulation effect and the actual fabric. In order to obtain the deformation behavior and volumetric performance of cable stitch, loop models were built based on an improved particle system in this work. Compared with plain weft knitted, the offset value of bonding points of cable stitches were measured. By analyzing the relationship between the deformation of loops and the displacement of the particles, the deformation behavior of cable stitch was simulated. Velocity-Verlet integration was introduced to simulate cable stitches and the stable results were obtained. The results show that these models and algorithm displayed the accurate deformation behavior of cable stitches, as demonstrated by qualitative comparisons to measure the deformations of actual samples.

Aster scaber Thunb. Inhibits Adipocyte Differentiation in 3T3-L1 Cell and Obesity in C57BL/6N Mice

Sha Li,Jin Young Kim,Sung-il Cho,Myung-Chul Yun,Jin me Yoon,Yong-Xiang Wu,Taewan Kim 한국식품영양과학회 2014 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2014 No.10

Effect of Fabric Layers on Heat and Moisture Transport in Multilayer Fabrics System of Thermal Protective Clothing

( Li Sha Xin ),( Gui Ra Park ),( Eun Ae Kim ) 한국의류학회 2011 한국의류학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.1

Six new dammarane-type triterpene saponins from Panax ginseng flower buds and their cytotoxicity

Li, Ke-Ke,Li, Sha-Sha,Xu, Fei,Gong, Xiao-Jie The Korean Society of Ginseng 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.2

Background: Panax ginseng has been used for a variety of medical purposes in eastern countries for more than two thousand years. From the extensive experiences accumulated in its long medication use history and the substantial strong evidence in modern research studies, we know that ginseng has various pharmacological activities, such as antitumor, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and cardiovascular system-protective effects. The active chemical constituents of ginseng, ginsenosides, are rich in structural diversity and exhibit a wide range of biological activities. Methods: Ginsenoside constituents from P. ginseng flower buds were isolated and purified by various chromatographic methods, and their structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis and comparison with the reported data. The 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H- tetrazolium bromide method was used to test their cytotoxic effects on three human cancer cell lines. Results: Six ginsenosides, namely 6'-malonyl formyl ginsenoside F₁ (1), 3β-acetoxyl ginsenoside F₁ (2), ginsenoside Rh₂₄ (6), ginsenoside Rh₂₅ (7), 7β-hydroxyl ginsenoside Rd (8) and ginsenoside Rh₂₆ (10) were isolated and elucidated as new compounds, together with four known compounds (3-5 and 9). In addition, the cytotoxicity of these isolated compounds was shown as half inhibitory concentration values, a tentative structure-activity relationship was also discussed based on the results of our bioassay. Conclusion: The study of chemical constituents was useful for the quality control of P. ginseng flower buds. The study on antitumor activities showed that new Compound 1 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against HL-60, MGC80-3 and Hep-G2 with half inhibitory concentration values of 16.74, 29.51 and 20.48 μM, respectively.

A Real Time Algorithm for Seismic Data Compression

Li, Sha-bai,Liu, Qi-yuan 한국지진연구소 1996 SAFE Vol.2 No.1

A new real time algorithm of seismic data compression, including the segment normalized logical compression and so called "one taken from two samples", is presented for broad band, high dynamic seismic recordings. This algorithm was tested by numerical simulation and observed data. Its results demonstrate that total errors in recovery data are less than 1 % of original data in time domain, 0.5% in frequency domain, when using these two methods together. Its compression ratio is greater than 3.