폐렴구균의 용혈능 변화와 pneumolysin 유전자의 변이 양상

오원섭,장현하,정숙인,김연숙,이혁,김신우,김성민,백경란,이남용,송재훈 대한화학요법학회 2002 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.20 No.3

목적 : 폐렴구균은 인체에서 폐렴, 수막염 및 패혈증 등을 일으키는 중요한 병원균으로 현재 전 세계적으로 항균제 내성이 큰 문제가 되고 있다. 하지만 폐렴구균의 항균제 내성에 따라 병독성이 어떻게 변화하는지에 대해서는 구체적으로 알려져 있지 않다. 이에 기능적 및 구조적 분석을 통하여 폐렴구균의 주요 병독성 인자인 pneumolysin의 병인론적 역할을 규명하고자 하였다. 방법 : 임상 검체에서 분리된 페니실링 감수성 균주 20주와 내성 균주 20주를 대상으로 하였다. Pneumolysin의 세포 독성의 변화를 관찰하기 위하여 각각의 균주들의 용혈능을 측정하였고, pneumolysin 유전자를 중합효소 연쇄반응으로 증폭한 후 증폭 산물의 유전자 구조를 분석하였다. 결과 : 페니실린 감수성 균주와 내성 균주간의 용혈능은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 일부 용혈능이 매우 낮은 균주에서 Lys152→Thr, Thr-172→Ile, Lys-224→Arg와 같은 변이가 관찰되었다. 결론: pneumolysin의 세포 독성의 변화는 항균제 내성 정도와는 무관하였으나, 일부 용혈능이 저하된 균주에서 발견된 pneumolysin 유전자의 변이가 pneumolysin의 세포 독성에 영향을 주는 것으로 보인다. Background : Pnumolysin (Ply) is one of the most important virulence factors of Streptococcus pneumoniae. To investigate the functional and structural variation of Ply, hemolytic activity (HA) and gene sequences of pneumolvsin were determined. Methods : A total of 40 invasive pneumococcal isolated (20 penicillin-susceptible & 20-resistant strains) were analyzed. HA of each isolate was measured in crude extracts (1×10^8 CFU/mL) hourly from the time of inoculation to 9h. Crude extracts (50㎕) and DTT buffer (100㎕) were serially diluted in 96-well plate and mixed with 1% sheep blood (50㎕). HA was represented as the reciprocal of the greatest dilution, which resulted in the complete lysis. Two sets of oligonucleotide primers were used to amplify a 1,474-bp fragment containing the coding region and a 578-bp fragment of upstream region of ply gene, respectively. Amplified products were directly sequenced. Results : HA showed a wide variation from 0 to 87,480 regardiess of penicillin MICs, serotypes or specimen sources. Two bacteremic strains showed completely no hemolytic activity. No significant differences in HA between penicillin-susceptible (Mean± SE : 15,468± 4,693) and penicillin-resistant strains (21,384± 4,087) were found (p > 0.05).Sequencing of the coding region showed unique alterations in amino acids in strains with markedly reduced hemolytic activity (≤ 40): Thr-172-Ile and Lys-224-Arg. However, upstream region of ply gene was highly conserved. Conclusions : Ply activity was not related with antibiotic resistance. Absence of HA in some strains was associated with unique alterations in amino acid sequences in ply gene. Relationnship between genomic alteration and functional changes in pneumolysin should be further investigated.

Bloodstream Infections and Clinical Significance of Healthcare-associated Bacteremia: A Multicenter Surveillance Study in Korean Hospitals

Son, Jun Seong,Song, Jae-Hoon,Ko, Kwan Soo,Yeom, Joon Sup,Ki, Hyun Kyun,Kim, Shin-Woo,Chang, Hyun-Ha,Ryu, Seong Yeol,Kim, Yeon-Sook,Jung, Sook-In,Shin, Sang Yop,Oh, Hee Bok,Lee, Yeong Seon,Chung, Doo The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2010 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.25 No.7

<P>Recent changes in healthcare systems have changed the epidemiologic paradigms in many infectious fields including bloodstream infection (BSI). We compared clinical characteristics of community-acquired (CA), hospital-acquired (HA), and healthcare-associated (HCA) BSI. We performed a prospective nationwide multicenter surveillance study from 9 university hospitals in Korea. Total 1,605 blood isolates were collected from 2006 to 2007, and 1,144 isolates were considered true pathogens. HA-BSI accounted for 48.8%, CA-BSI for 33.2%, and HCA-BSI for 18.0%. HA-BSI and HCA-BSI were more likely to have severe comorbidities. <I>Escherichia coli</I> was the most common isolate in CA-BSI (47.1%) and HCA-BSI (27.2%). In contrast, <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> (15.2%), coagulase-negative <I>Staphylococcus</I> (15.1%) were the common isolates in HA-BSI. The rate of appropriate empiric antimicrobial therapy was the highest in CA-BSI (89.0%) followed by HCA-BSI (76.4%), and HA-BSI (75.0%). The 30-day mortality rate was the highest in HA-BSI (23.0%) followed by HCA-BSI (18.4%), and CA-BSI (10.2%). High Pitt score and inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy were the independent risk factors for mortality by multivariate analysis. In conclusion, the present data suggest that clinical features, outcome, and microbiologic features of causative pathogens vary by origin of BSI. Especially, HCA-BSI shows unique clinical characteristics, which should be considered a distinct category for more appropriate antibiotic treatment.</P>

2010 해남, 평창, 원주지역 갈대 등 야초류의 이용실태와 사료가치 평가

서성(Sung Seo),한대덕(Dae Duk Han),장선식(Sun Sik Jang),김원호(Won Ho Kim),정민웅(Min Woong Jung),최진혁(Jin Hyuck Choi),김진숙(Jin Sook Kim),김하영(Ha Young Kim),이종경(Joung Kyong Lee) 한국초지조사료학회 2012 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.32 No.1

본 연구는 부존 조사료자원 이용으로 수입사료를 줄이고 사료비를 절감하고자 2010년도에 전남 해남(간척지), 강원 평창(강변), 원주(섬강변), 전남 영광(와탄강변) 등 4개 지역에서 갈대와 억새 등 야초 자생지를 탐색하고, 수확·이용실태 조사와 함께 사료가치를 분석하였다. 전남 해남 해남목장 내 갈대(Phragmites communis) 위주의 야초 자생지는 300 ha로 예년에는 2회 곤포작업하여 연간 사일리지로 2,300~2,500톤(ha당 8톤)을 생산하였으나 2010년도는 1회 곤포조제로 사일리지 2,000톤(ha당 7톤)을 생산하였다. 유통가격은 롤 당 53천원으로 ㎏당 110원이었다. 곤포는 전량 자가소비하며, 외부 작업단에 롤 당 26천원의 작업비를 지불하였다. 연간 조수입은 2억 2,260만원이며, 소득은 1억원 수준(345천원/ha)이었다. 초장 150 ㎝의 갈대는 조단백질 8.4%, 상대사료가치 71.9 (건초 5등급), 건물 소화율 60.1%로 사료가치는 볏짚에 비해 약간 나은 것으로 평가되었다. 갈대 사일리지의 사료가치와 유기산 함량은 동일 지역에서 동일한 재료로 사일리지를 조제하더라도 수확시기에 따라 차이가 컸으며(CP 4.7~6.4%, RFV 62.2~78.9, 건물 소화율 41.9~53.9%), 갈대 사일리지의 품질은 수단그라스에 비해 불량하였다. 강원 평창 강변 자생갈대의 사료가치는 초장이 79, 117, 121, 142㎝로 생육이 진행됨에 따라 낮아져, 조단백질은 각각 13.9%에서 7.6%로, 상대사료가치는 90.7 (건초 3등급)에서 76.1 (건초 4등급)로, 건물 소화율은 72.9%에서 54.7%로 감소하였다. 원주 섬강 주변 야초류는 곤포수확 작업에 어려움이 있었으며, 초장 130 cm의 갈대는 조단백질 8.5%, 상대사료가치 82.3 (건초 4등급), 건물 소화율 70.2%로 사료가치는 높았으며, 220㎝의 성숙한 갈대는 조단백질 10.2%, 상대사료가치 65.1 (건초 5등급), 건물 소화율 48.9%로 볏짚 대비 조금 나은 것으로 평가되었다. 전남영광지역에서는 와탄천 주변에 자생하는 갈대를 수거 이용하고자 시도하였으나 경제성이 없어 중단하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여볼 때, 갈대, 억새 등 야초류는 현 상태에서 최대한 수거·이용하되, 사료가치를 유지하고 가축 기호성이 양호한 시기에 수확하는 것이 중요하며, 최소한 볏짚과 비슷하거나 그 이상의 사료가치를 기대하기 위해서는 7월 중순 이전(늦어도 7월까지)에 수확·이용하는 것이 권장된다. This study was carried out in 2010 to investigate the utilization and forage quality of native grasses, such as Phragmites communis which might reduce the cost of feeding domestic cattle. The regions surveyed were the Haenam ranch in Haenam, Pyeongchang, Wonju, and Yeonggwang. In Haenam, yearly silage production harvested from 300 ha was 2,000 MT (7 MT/ha). All of those round bale silages were self-consumed in that region, and marketing price was 50,000 55,000 won per roll (110 won/㎏). Phragmites communis of 150 ㎝ in length contained 8.4% crude protein (CP) with relative feed value (RFV) 71.9 and 60.1% in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), which was somewhat more favorable than forage quality of rice straw. The silage quality of Phragmites communis varied greatly by the time of harvest (CP 4.7 6.4%, RFV 62.2 78.9, and IVDMD 41.9 53.9%), even with the same district and of the same original forage materials. Generally, the quality of Phragmites communis silage of was poorer than that of sorghum * sudangrass hybrid. In Pyeongchang, forage quality of Phragmites communis was decreased from 13.9% to 7.6% in CP, 90.7 to 76.1 in RFV, and 72.9% to 54.7% in IVDMD, as plant was getting mature, from 79 ㎝ to 117 ㎝, 121 ㎝ or to 142 ㎝ in length. In Wonju, the quality values of Phragmites communis of 130 ㎝ in length were 8.5% CP, 82.3 RFV and 70.2% IVDMD, while those of matured grasses of 220 ㎝ in length were lower (10.2% CP, 65.1 RFV and 48.9% IVDMD), but this was a little more favorable than quality of rice straw. In Yeonggwang, feeding Phragmites communis was tried in a Hanwoo feed, but stopped due to low profitability. In conclusion, the overall quality of most native grasses including Phragmites communis in this survey was poor. Therefore, we recommend that Phragmites communis and native grasses should be harvested on June or July to obtain richer forage quality in forage values than rice straw.

‘2012Architecten’의 사례 조사를 통한 재사용 디자인 전략

하숙녕(Sook Nyung Ha1),이정교(Jung Kyo Lee) 한국디자인학회 2013 디자인학연구 Vol.26 No.1

바닷물 살포가 토양 화학성과 마늘 무기성분 함량에 미치는 영향

김명숙(Myung-Sook Kim),이상범(Sang-Bum Lee),김유학(Yoo-Hak Kim),강성수(Seong-Soo Kang),현병근(Byung-Keun Hyun),공효영(Hyo-Young Gong),하상건(Sang-Keon Ha) 한국토양비료학회 2011 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.44 No.6

친환경농업에 많이 사용되고 있는 바닷물을 살포하여 토양의 화학성과 마늘의 무기성분 흡수량의 변화를 조사하였다. 바닷물 원액을 토양에 살포한 직후에는 전기전도도, 치환성 나트륨, 염소이온, 나트륨 흡착비 등이 높아졌다. 그리고, 바닷물의 살포횟수가 증가할수록 토양의 전기전도도, 치환성 나트륨, 염소이온 그리고 나트륨 흡착비가 증가하였다. 바닷물로 투입된 성분들은 표토에 대부분 분포하였으며 수확기에는 심토로의 용탈이 일어나 작물이 생육하는 근권에서는 감소하였다. 그리고 바닷물 원액을 작물체에 살포했을 때 마늘 중의 무기성분인 질소, 칼슘, 마그네슘, 나트륨, 미량원소인 철, 망간, 아연 등의 함량은 줄어들었고 염소이온 함량은 처리횟수가 3회일 경우 유의성 있게 증가되었다 (p<0.05). This study was conducted at the organic farming fields which garlics were planted. The treatments were as follows; water of 3,850 L ha<SUP>-1</SUP> (Control), plots applied 1 time, 2 times and 3 times with sea water of 3,850 L ha<SUP>-1</SUP>. In 3 times sea water treatment plot, the level of EC, Exch. Na and Cl- were 1.1, 2.1, and 3.3 times higher than control plot, respectively. Due to seawater application, the contents of inorganic elements such as T-N, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, and Zn in garlic were generally lower than Control, but not significant.

舞踊專攻 女子大學生들의 身體構成과 體型에 關한 硏究

河禎愛,張賀淑 新羅大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.31 No.1

The objective of this study consists in making a comparison between the Body Composition and Somatotype of those woman undergraduates who are majoring in ballet, modern dance or Korean dnace, and then contributing to dancers, choreographers, dance masters, and to those who aremaking researches in dance by providing them with data of findings from this study. For that purpose were randomly sampled out 154 women college students in Pusan, including 55 majoring in korean dance, 51 majoring in modern dance, and 48 majoring in ballet. The resultant findings are as follows; 1) The ratio of body fat they have shows 21.65% in the Korean dance group, 20.36% in the modern dance group, and 20,87% in the ballet. 2) Somatotype in all of the three groups disclose a high value in internal blastoderm factors and a low value in external blastoderm factors. 3) The Korean dence-majoring group shows the lowest value in the development of middle blastoderm factors. 4)The ratio of body fat and internal blastoderm factors in all of the three gorups reveal a high correlation by 0.901, 0.856, 0.841, respectively. 5) The ratio of boby fat indicates an obvious correlation with minus values in external blastoderm factors in all of the three groups, by -0.664, -0.582, and -0.463, respectively.

RNase A 와 B 에 대한 Mouse Immunoglobulin의 생성 및 분리조건

전숙영,이광표,김하형 중앙대학교 약학연구소 1997 약학 논총 Vol.11 No.-

Ribonuclease A, B (RNase A, B) are the enzymes catalyse he hydrolysis of 3',5'-phosphodiester linkages of ribonucleic acids. RNase B(M.W. 15.5KDa) differs from RNase A(M.W. 13.6KDa) in that RNase B has five glycoforms consisting of Man_9GlcNAc_2, to Man_9GlcNAc_2 at the single glycosylation site (Asn-34). It has not been fully studied that the difference of glycosylation between RNase A and RNase B would make difference in production of polyclonal antibody when it was used as antigen. In the present study, male Balb/c mice aged 6-7weeks were used, and three mice per group were immunized intraperitoneally with 0.2ml of emulsion mixture containing 100ug RNase A or B in 0.01ml of PBS and 0.18ml of Freund's adjuvant, and immunized with PBS as a control. To identify the production of polyclonal antibody, total protein amount was detected by use of UV- spectrophotometer and tested 10% sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). In order to know the affinity of polyclonal antibody to RNase A, B and to measure the concentration of polyclonal antibody. ELISA method had been applied using the mouse monoclonal antibody 6 isotypes (IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3, IgA, IgM) and monoclonal anti-goat/sheep IgG peroxidase. Protein A column was prepared to test the possibility of separation of the polyclonal antibody to each immunoglobulin class. As a result, the glycosylation between RNase A and B did not have an effect on production pattern of polyclonal antibody from ascites of mice immunized with RNase A or B. Second, in the present study, the polyclonal antibody made from mice immunized with RNase A or RNase B should be isolated to immunoglobulin class or subclass by use of various binding or elution buffer.

Experimental study for sub-seasonal basic state changes on Rossby wave propagation

Kyung-Sook Yun,Seong-Yeol Kim,Kyung-Ja Ha1 한국기상학회 2011 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.4

연쇄알구균 감염에 의한 급성 인후염 후 반응성 관절염 1예

박은하,도연실,양정채,강미라,서현주,정숙인,손준성,기현균,오원섭,백경란,송재훈 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.6

연쇄알구균에 의한 급성 인후염 후 발생한 반응성 관절염은 급성 류마티스열의 개정된 진단기준을 충족하지 못하면서, 지속적 혹은 재발성의 비이동성 관절염과 발열, 홍반성 결절, 일시적 간기능 이상 등을 보이면서 심장염과 무도증을 드물게 동반하는 질환이다. 따라서, 발열을 동반한 급성 관절염 환자에서 감별해야 할 질환 중의 하나이며, 심근염 예방을 위한 페니실린 요법의 적응증 및 기간에 대해서는 아직 이론이 많은 상황으로, 보다 광범위한 연구가 필요하다. 저자들은 연쇄알구균에 의한 급성 인후염 1주 후에 발생한 하지의 다발성 비이동성 관절염과 함께 결절홍반 및 일시적 간기능 이상을 보인 환자에서 PSRA로 진단하고 비스테로이드성 항염증제 및 스테로이드로 성공적인 치료를 하였기에 이를 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Poststreptococcal reactive arthritis (PSRA) is associated with recent streptococcal infections. However, PSRA is distinct from acute rheumatic fever by its clinical manifestations: non-migrating arthritis, erythema nodosum or erythema multiforme, and transient elevation of serum transaminases. We experienced a 33-year-old man who presented with fever, arthritis of both knees and ankles, and erythema nodosums on extensor surfaces of lower legs which developed 6 days after the onset of pharyngitis symptoms. Blood and urine cultures were negative. Throat culture was negative for group A β-hemolytic streptococcus. The ASO titers increased up to 2080 IU/mL in sequential monitoring. The result of bone scan was compatible to arthritis of both knees and ankles. There were no signs or symptom of carditis. He showed clinical improvement with anti-inflammatory drugs (naproxen 1,000 mg/day and prednisolone 7.5 mg/d). PSRA should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with arthritis combined with fever.

여성들의 자기효능감과 건강증진행위에 관한 연구

정숙희,하안례,심선녀,이용환,김광혁 고신대학교보건과학연구소 2003 보건과학연구소보 Vol.13 No.-

The results were as follows : The higher the degree of self-efficacy feeling, one of the recognition factor was the more did they do health-promoting activities (γ=0.48, p=0.00). The conducting degree of health-promotion activities resulted in 3.79 points in the perfect score of 6point, which was a quiet high result. The subordinate areas under the health-promoting activity were adjustment of personal relationshiP (4.42), nutrition (3.93), stress control (3.87), self-realization (3.64), alcoholic drink/smoking (3.38), and responsibility for health. As for the differences of self-efficacy feeling according to subjects general characters, significant differences were found in the areas of age, occupation, whether or not they have taken healthrelated lectures, family and geriatric diseases of family members or relatives. The above study results tell that the self-efficacy feeling has a great effect on their putting the health-promoting activities into practice, in daily life.