국산 Lidocaine 알칼리화를 위한 Bicarbonate 혼합시 침전유발 최소량에 대한 고찰

이선호,김현수,곽인숙,안원식,최관호,김광민,손민제 대한마취과학회 2000 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.39 No.5

Background : When local anesthetics for regional anesthesia is used, usually small amounts of bicar-bonate are added for rapid onset. This addition gives the mixed solution a more alkaline pH. The following result is an increased unionized form of the local anesthetic and rapid penetration of the drug into tiissue. Unfortunately, no data about adequate mixing volumes of domestic lidocaine and bicarbonate is available. Methods : We examined six mixing pairs of two kinds of 2% lidocaines and three kinds of 8.4% bicarbonates for minimum volumes of bicarbonate to cause a precipitation of 2% 20 ml lidocaine. Results : The mean volumes of bicarbonate to cause precipitation were 1.54 ml for Kwang-Myung lidocaine with Kwang-Myung bicarbonate, 2.90 ml for Kwang-Myung lidocaine with Dae-Won bicarbonate, 2.73 ml for Kwang-Myung lidocaine with Je-Il bicarbonate, 0.97 ml for Je-Il lidocaine with Kwang-Myung bicarbonate, 1.26ml for Je-Il lidocaine with Dae-Won bicarbonate and 1.39 ml for Je-Il lidocaine with Je-Il bicarbonate. Conclusions : We conclude that the Kwang-Myung lidocaine and the Je-Il lidocaine could cause precipitation when mixing with a smaller bicarbonate volume than foreign textbook recommended. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2000; 39: 726-729)

구치의 1급, 2급 와동에 은 아말감, 구치용 복합레진, 복합레진 인레이로 수복시 치아의 파절저항성

안연실,김미자,이광원,손호현 全北大學校 齒醫學硏究所 1991 전북치대논문집 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of the marginal ridge of posterior teeth with class Ⅰ & Ⅱ silver amalgam, posterior composite, and composite resin inlay. The seventy-two extracted caries free human upper premolars were divided into six groups. Class Ⅰ and Class Ⅱ cavities were prepared and filled with amalgam, light curing composite resin, and resin inlay. Fracture strength was measured at the marginal ridge with "Instron". The results were as follows ; 1. Class Ⅰ restorations were stronger than Class Ⅱ in amalgam and composite resin filled group(P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in strength between Class Ⅰ resin inlay and Class Ⅰ resin inlay. 2. In the Class Ⅰ and the Class Ⅱ restorations, the best fracture resistance obtained in resin inlay, followed by composite resin, amalgam(P<0.05). In the Class Ⅰ restorations, result was the same but had no significant difference. 3. Class Ⅰ composite resin and Class Ⅰ resin inlay were stronger than Class Ⅱ amalgam(P<0.05). 4. In the Class Ⅰ restorations, when the marginal ridge was fractured, only enamel or enamel/material were involved. In the Class Ⅱ composite resin and Class Ⅱ resin inlay, enamel/material or only material were involved. In the Class Ⅱ amalgam, only material was fracture.

셀룰로즈 아세테이트 분리막에 대한 계면활성제의 투과거동

안순철,송근호,이광래 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1999 環境硏究 Vol.16 No.-

계면활성제 SDS(M.W. 288)와 SLS(M.W. 420)의 분자량이 셀룰로즈 아세테이트 막의 분획분자량 (MWCO 1,000) 보다 작음에도 불구하고, SDS의 17%와 SLS의 66%가 막에 의해 배제되었다. SLS의 배제율이 SDS의 배제율보다 더 높은 것은 소수기 사슬이 길고 분자량이 큰것에 기인한다. 막오염에 의한 투과저항은 나타나지 않았으며, 농도분극현상에 의한 삼투압은 무시할만 하였다. 계면활성제 SDS와 SLS의 막에 의한 계면활성제의 배제율, 농도분극에 의한 투과저항 등은 계면활성제의 농도에 따라 증가하였으며, 용액의 투과도는 감소하였다. 투과플럭스는 SDS용액의 농도가 24Mm일 때, 막의 고유저항(Rm=6.24×10^(13) m^(1))의 47%에 이르렀다. SLS의 경우 165%에 달했다. The molecular weights of surfactant SDS(M.W. 288) and SLS(M.W. 420) are smaller than the molecular weight cut-off (MWCO 1,000) of cellulose acetate membrane used in this study. However, 17% of SDS and 66% of SLS were rejected by cellulose acetate membrane. The higher rejection rate of SLS than that of SDS is due to the longer hydrophobic chain and greater molecular weight. There was no resistance to permeation rate by membrane fouling, and osmotic pressure due to the concentration polarization was negligible. Rejection rate of surfactant (SDS, SLS) and permeation resistance were increased, and permeation flux due to concentration polarization was declined with increase in concentration of surfactant. Permeation flux of 24mM SDS solution was decreased by 32% as compared to pure water permeation rate (10.9×10^(-3)㎖/min · ㎠ · atm), and decreased by 62% in case of 24 24mM SDS. Permeation resistance due to concentration polarization of 24mM SDS increased upto 47% of intrinsic membrane resistance(Rm=6.24×10^(13) m^(1)), and increased upto 165% in case of 24mM SDS.

節次的 正義實現을 통한 國會信賴의 確保方案

安成浩,政光朝 大田大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.9 No.2

뇌실내출혈로 인한 급성 수두증에서 관찰된 해리증후군

김광기,이경민,이정주,오종배,안태범,정상욱,남현우,박성호 대한신경과학회 1999 대한신경과학회지 Vol.17 No.5

Fluid transport model을 이용한 치근단 역충전 재료의 혈액오염시 미세누출평가

안효순,장인호,이세준,이광원 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.1

Leakage studies have been performed frequently, since a fluid-tight seal provided by various dental filling materials has been considered clinically important. The leakage of the various root-end filling materials has been widely investigated mostly dye penetration method. These dye studies cannot offer any information about the quality of the seal of a test material over a long period of time The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of root end cavities in blood contamination filled amalgam, intermediate restorative material(IRM), light cured glass ionomer cement(GI) and mineral trioxide aggregate(MTA) by means of a modified fluid transport model. Fifty standard human root sections, each 5mm high and with a central pulp lumen of 3mm in diameter, were and filled with our commonly used or potential root end filling materials after they were contaminated with blood. At 24h, 72h, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after filling, leakage along these filling materials was determined under a low pressure of 10KPa(0.1atm) using a fluid transport model. The results were as follows: 1. MTA group showed a tendency of decreasing percent of gross leakage(20ml/day) in process of time, whereas the other materials showed a tendency of increasing in the process time. 2. At the all time interval. GI group leaked significantly less than amalgam group and IRM group (p<0.05). 3. At the 4 weeks, the percentage of gross leakage in MTA group decreased to 0% thereafter, the low percentage of gross leakage was maintained in MTA group until the end of the experiment, whereas the percentage in IRM group increased to 100%. 4. At the 12 weeks, percentage of gross leakage was significantly low in MTA group(0%), comparison with GI group(40%), amalgam group(90%) and IRM group(100%), but there was no significant difference between latter two materials.

상대농도와 질량농도 측정법에 의한 기중 분진농도의 비교

정광호,성수원,안규동 가톨릭대학산업의학센타 산업의학연구소 1983 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.22 No.1

This experiment was carried out to investigate the correlation of accuracy among five kinds of instruments which determined an airborne dust at the various locations of same type work. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Digital dust indicator-P type (DDI-P) instrument for determination of relative concentration was found not having significant variations when it was used without corrective coefficient to the quantitative concentration at the places with a few airborne dust in office and laboratory room. 2. Generally, there were the high correlations between determination values resulted by Digital dust indicator(DDI) and Piezobalance(PB). However, the correlation of two instruments to a filter weighing method was insignificant in the same type work. After determining several times (at least 5 times and over), it was desirable to fix the corrective-coefficient. 3. When the size of the particles of airborne dust was large or its concentration was high in suspended airborne dust, the determination values of High volume air sampler-Respirable(HVS(R)) were 2-4 times higher than that of Low volume air sampler-Respirable(LVS(R)). 4. The emyloyment of corrective coefficient for determination values of DDI and PB was not appropriate to HVS(R) comparing with LVS(R) because of the significant changeable differences. In addition, the determination instruments for relative concentration was not appropriate to using by itself at a manufactruing process. There were also problems about sampling time and evaluation when it was determined the total airborne dust with the open face type holder.

타이타늄 수소화물의 수소동위원소 분석

김광락,백승우,이민수,이성호,안도희,임성팔,정홍석 한국공업화학회 2002 응용화학 Vol.6 No.2

In the hydrogen isotope facility and the fiel cycle of the fision reactor, an effective means for analyzing hydrogen isotopes and decay product(helium) of tritium is very importat from the viewpoint of system operation and control. Chromatographic separation of the hydrogen isotopes mixture from titanium hydride was carried out by gas chromatograph at-196℃ for quantitative analytical purpose.Neon and partially deactivated alumina were employed as the carrier gas and the fixed column, respectively. The chromatogram with complete separation was observed in order ofH_2, HD and D_2 by the thermal conductivity detector. In addition, fairly good separation conditions were obtained in a shorter retention time without any appearance of nuclear spin isomers for the practical applications of the hydrogen isotope separation and analysis.

중금속물질이 마우스 신장 근위곱슬세관의 미세구조에 미치는 영향

염광섭,박경호,양남길,안의태,고정식 순천향의학연구소 1995 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.1 No.2

본 실험은 중금속 물질이 마우스 신장 근위요세관의 미세구조에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 시행하였다. 체중 20-25 g의 숫생쥐를 실험동물로 사용하였으며, 대조군과 중금속 투여군으로 나누었다. 중금속 투여군은 투여 량과 종류에 따라 염화제이수은(HgCl₂)투여군 (2mg, 5mg, 10mg/kg/BW)과 중크롬산칼륨(K₂Cr₂O7)투여군 (5mg, 10mg, 20mg/kg/BW)으로 나누어, 중금속 투여 후 6시간, 3일 및 2주 후에 도살하여 조직을 절취하였다. 중금속투여는 마우스의 등 쪽에 피하주사 하였다. 절취한 신장은 2.5% glutaraldehyde- 1.5% paraformaldehyde액으로 일차고정한 후, 1% osmium tetroxide액에 이차고정하였으며, 고정이 끝난 조직은 acohol과 acetone으로 탈수한 후 araldite 혼합액에 포매하였다. 포매된 조직은 LKB-V ultratome으로 60-70 nm 두께의 얇은 절편을 작성하여 uranyl acetate와 lead citrate액으로 염색한 후 JEM 100CX-Ⅱ전자 현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 염화제이수은은 근위곧은세관에 먼저 영향을 주며, 중크롬산칼륨은 근위곱슬세관에 영향을 준다 2. 중금속이 신장의 근위요세관에 미치는 영향은 중금속의 투여량과 시간에 비례하는 변화를 보였다 3. 중금속은 세포의 막성구조들에 영향을 주어 기능을 저하시켜, 상피의 탈락을 일으켰으나, 시일이 경과하면 정상 상태로 복귀한다. 4. 근위요세관의 변화는 1) 미세융모는 수적 감소, 2) 다양한 크기의 세포질 내 액포형성, 3) 사립체의 변화 , 4) 무과립형질내세망의 증가, 5) 세포기저부와 옆면 세포사이간극의 확장 및 상피의 탈락, 6) 근위요세관의 상피재생의 순서로 일어난다. This experiment was performed to study the morphological changes of the proximal convoluted tubule of mice following subcutaneous injection of heavy metallic agents. Male mice were divided into normal and experimental groups. The mice were subcutaneous injected with HgCl₂(2mg, 5mg and 10mg/Kg/BW) and K₂Cr₂O7(5mg, 10mg and 20mg/kg/BW). Animals were sacrificed on 6 hours, 3 days and 14 days after the injections. Kidney were fixed in the 2.5% glutaraldehyde - 1.5% paraformaldehyde solution, followed by refixation in the 1% osmium tetroxide solution. Dehydrated blocks were embedded in araldite mixture. The sections were cut on a LKB V ultratome, and ultrathin sections stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate were observed with JEM 100CX Ii electron microscope. The results were as follow: 1. Mercury chloride causes selective damage of straight portion of proximal tubule in the mouse kidney. 2. Potassium dichromate selectively affects the cells of the convoluted portion of the proximal tubule. 3. Tubular damage is greater at higher dose levels and at longer time intervals. 4. The sequence of progressive changes leading to nephron damage are : 1) swelling and loss of microvilli; 2) formation of vacuoles of varied sizes; 3) mitochondrial changes and accumulation of rough endoplsmic reticulum; 4) dilation of basolateral intercellular space followed by desquamation; and 5) regeneration of proximal tubular cell.

벼 잡종초기세대에서 이삭줄기 대유관속 수와 이삭 특성의 분리양상

김광호,안종국,서경인 建國大學校附設農業資源開發硏究所 2001 農資源開發論集 Vol.23 No.-

The segregation modes and the selection efficiency of large vascular bundle(LBV) number and panicle characteristics were measured in three hybrid populations of rice. F_1 plants of the three crosses showed different direction and degree of dominance in vascular bundle number and panicle characteristics. The panicle neck diameter(ND), number of primary branches(PB) and LVB showed a typical normal distribution in F_2. When F_2 plants were divided into two groups up culm length of 90cm, the distribution of LVB number and panicle characteristics were not different between two populations. The selected and non-selected F_3 populations showed no difference in distribution of LVB number and panicle characteristics. However, F_3 populations grouped by culm length of 90cm showed different distributions in LVB and 100-grain weight among six characteristics observed. In F_2 populations, ND showed positive correlationship with PB, LVB number and grain number per panicle(GN). ND was positively correlated with PB, LVB number, GN and panicle length in selected and non-selected F_3 populations.