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김유진,박미경,박이랑,이보람,이혜림,전선미,양난영,김수지,이자형 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2004 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.38
The results of this Study are as follows:33.6% of all participants have insomnia; 22.5% of those who have insomnia are DIS(difficulty in initiating sleep), 17.3% are DMS(difficulty returning to sleep once awakened) and 7.0% awakened too early. 3 4.8% experience sleepiness during daytime. Type 1, experiencing insomnia and sleepi ness during daytime together, is 12.0%, Type 2, with insomnia only, is 21.6%, Type 3, with sleepiness during daytime only, is 22.8% and 43.5% experience no sleeping disturbances. After studying only those with 3 types of sleeping disturbances, it is found that the most common cause of such disturbance is stress 88.4%, anxiety 56.0%, no apparent reason 33.8%, anxiety/fear/terror 29.3%, hurry 23.6%, alcohol/caffeine 16.9%, bedroom tem perature 11.1%, urination during nighttime and persons living together 10.7%, noise from inside 8.9%, illumination 8.0%, and pain/itch 5.8%. The one group revealed significant differences in residential environment(p=0.003). Sex, age, education level, medicine, monthly earning revealed no meaningful differences. Of sleeping behavior, mean duration of sleep latency(p=0.000), whether or not feeling freshness(p=0.000), whether taking enough sleep(p=0.029), whether taking regular sleep(p=0.005) showed significant differences depending on whether or not having insomnia, and mean duration of sleep time, time to sleep, time of rising, whether taking naps did not reveal significant differences. Of sleep behavior, time to sleep(p=0.000), whether taking naps(p=0.000), indicated significant differences. Of sleeping behavior, mean duration of sleep latency(p=0.000), whether or not feeling freshness(p=0.000), and whether taking enough sleep(p=0.000), time of going to bed (p=0.002), whether or not taking nap(p=0.000), whether or not taking regular sleep(p=0.010) indicated significant differences among the sleeping disturbance types.
Lee, Sung-Hyun,Park, Junbeom,Kim, Hye-Rim,Lee, Taeseon,Lee, Jaegeun,Im, Yong-O.,Lee, Cheol-Hun,Cho, Hyunjung,Lee, Hyeseon,Jun, Chi-Hyuck,Ahn, Yu-Chan,Lee, In-Beum,Lee, Kun-Hong Elsevier 2016 Carbon Vol.100 No.-
<P>The optimum synthesis conditions for carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers were investigated using the Design of Experiment (DOE) technique. Direct spinning processes are governed by a variety of experimental factors: the methane flow rate, ferrocene flow rate, sulfur flow rate, hydrogen flow rate, water flow rate, and reaction temperature. The process was optimized in two stages that addressed first the Fractional Factorial Design (FFD) and then the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Results from each experiment were classified according to a 6-step rating system: nothing(1), black gas(2), dust(3), ribbon or film(4), fiber(5), or continuous fiber(6). In the first step, three major factors (methane, sulfur, temperature) were identified as important among the six experimental factors tested using FFD. The effects of the major factors and the interactions were analyzed through the main effect plot and the interaction plot. In the second step, the experimental conditions were optimized using a model equation derived from Box-Behnken design experiments. Finally, the CNT fibers were continuously synthesized under the optimum conditions. The synthesized CNT fibers mainly consisted of single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) 1.2 -3.8 nm in diameter. The I-G/I-D ratio of the CNT fibers was 48. This work provides a useful methodology for synthesizing the CNT fibers. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
( Yu Rim Lee ),( Seunghee Bae ),( Ji Yea Kim ),( Junwoo Lee ),( Dae-hyun Cho ),( Hee-sik Kim ),( In-sook An ),( Sungkwan An ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2019 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.29 No.11
Loliolide is one of the most ubiquitous monoterpenoid compounds found in algae, and its potential therapeutic effect on various dermatological conditions via agent-induced biological functions, including anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties, was demonstrated. Here, we investigated the effects of loliolide on hair growth in dermal papilla (DP) cells, the main components regulating hair growth and loss conditions. For this purpose, we used a threedimensional (3D) DP spheroid model that mimics the in vivo hair follicle system. Biochemical assays showed that low doses of loliolide increased the viability and size of 3D DP spheroids in a dose-dependent manner. This result correlated with increases in expression levels of hair growth-related autocrine factors including VEGF, IGF-1, and KGF. Immunoblotting and luciferase-reporter assays further revealed that loliolide induced AKT phosphorylation, and this effect led to stabilization of β-catenin, which plays a crucial role in the hair-inductive properties of DP cells. Further experiments showed that loliolide increased the expression levels of the DP signature genes, ALP, BMP2, VCAN, and HEY1. Furthermore, conditioned media from loliolide-treated DP spheroids significantly enhanced proliferation and the expression of hair growth regulatory genes in keratinocytes. These results suggested that loliolide could function in the hair growth inductivity of DP cells via the AKT/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Lee, Yu-Jin,Kang, Yeong-Rim,Lee, So Young,Jin, Yena,Han, Dong Cho,Kwon, Byoung-Mog Lychnia 2017 International journal of oncology Vol.51 No.4
<P>Ginkgetin has been reported to display antitumor activity. However, the relevant pathway integrating cell cycle regulation and signaling pathways involved in growth inhibition in CRC cells remains to be identified. In this study, ginkgetin-treated HCT116 CRC cells exhibited significant dose-dependent growth inhibition with a GI(50) value of 4.0 mu M for 48-h treatment, together with apoptosis, via G(2)-phase cell cycle arrest. When HCT116 cells were treated with 10 mu M ginkgetin for 48 h, the percentage of cells in G(2)/M phase increased by 2.2-fold (43.25%) versus the untreated control (19.69%). Ginkgetin regulated the expression of genes that are critically involved in G(2) phase arrest cells, such as b-Myb, CDC2 and cyclin B1. Furthermore, we found that the suppression of b-Myb expression by ginkgetin was rescued similar to 5.1-fold by treatment with a miR-34a inhibitor (500 nM) and b-Myb was downregulated by >80% by 100 nM miR-34a mimic. These data suggest that the miRNA34a/b-Myb/cyclin B1 cascade plays a critical role in ginkgetin-induced G(2) cell cycle arrest, as well as in the inhibition of HCT116 cell proliferation. Moreover, the administration of ginkgetin (10 mg/kg) reduced tumor volumes by 36.5% and tumor weight by 37.6% in the mice xenografted with HCT116 cells relative to their vehicle-treated counterparts. Therefore, ginkgetin is the first compound shown to regulate b-Myb by modulating miR-34a, and we suggest the use of ginkgetin as an inducer of G(2) arrest for the treatment of CRC.</P>