석영과 장석의 Zeta 전위에 있어서 금속이온의 영향

오재현,박광원,이원해,원덕환 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1974 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.12 No.4

石英과 長石의 活性化에 關한 資料를 얻기 爲해서 水溶液中 Mg^(++), Cu^(++), Zn^(++)과 Al^(+++)를 添加하여 鑛粒의 Zeta 電位를 測定하였다. 그리고 이들 鑛粒의 界面電氣現象과 金屬이온들의 加水分解特性을 서로 關聯시켜 比較 檢討하여 다음과 같은 結論을 얻었다. 1. 水溶液中에 金屬이온이 存在할 때 長石의 界面電氣現象은 石英과 같다. 2. 金屬이온種의 吸着으로 因해 石英과 長石의 界面은 陽(+)으로 荷電된다. 그리고 陽으로 荷電되는 pH 範圍는 金屬이온의 種類에 따라 다르다. 3. 水溶液中에 金屬이온들이 存在하면 鑛粒의 zpc(Zero point of charge)는 두 곳의 pH에서 나타난다. 두개의 zpc 중 하나의 zpc가 나타나는 pH는 M^(II)OH^+, M^(III)(OH)^+_2 및 M^(III)(OH)^(++) 이온種의 最高濃度가 나타나는 pH와 거의 一致한다. 마그네슘 이온의 경우에는 pH 10.1에서 단하나의 zpc가 나타난다. 4. Mg(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) 및 Al(III) 이온들의 加水分解特性과 zeta 電位를 關聯시켜 볼 때 Mg^(++), Cu^(++), Zn^(++) 및 Al^(+++)은 鑛粒表面에 對해 吸着力이 弱하고, 한편 M^(II)(OH)^+, M^(III)(OH)^+_2 및 M^(III)(OH)^(++) 이온種은 吸着力이 强함을 알 수 있다. To obtain a better understanding of quartz and orthoclase activation, zeta potentials of the minerals were studied in the presence of metallic ions such as Mg^(++), Cu^(++), Zn^(++) and Al^(+++). A microelectrophoresis technique has been used to measure the zeta potential, and the results have been correlated with the hydrolysis of the metallic ions in the solution. The experimental results have led to the following conclusions. 1. Zeta potentials of orthoclase in the presence of the metallic ions show a similar behavior to those of quartz. 2. Adsorption of the metallic ions renders the zeta potential of quartz and orthoclase positive. The pH range of positive zeta potential varies with the kind of cation. 3. Zero point of charge(ZPC) of the mineral surface in the presence of metallic ions appears at two different pH of solution. One of two pH of ZPC is consistent with the pH at which M^(II)(OH)^+ and M^(III)(OH)^+_2 or M^(III)(OH)^(++) species are predominant. 4. Comparison of the zeta potential data with the hydrolysis for Mg(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Al(III) species suggests that Mg^(++), Cu^(++), Zn^(++) and Al^(+++) are only weakly adsorbed at the mineral surface and that M^(II)(OH)^+ and M^(III)(OH)^+_2 or M^(III)(OH)^(++) are the main metallic ionic species adsorbed.

기우제의(祈雨祭儀)를 통해 본 영남 지방관의 일상과 대민의식

오용원 ( Yong Won Oh ) 경북대학교 영남문화연구원 2009 嶺南學 Vol.0 No.16

Through this article, I investigated how Youngnam reeves performed ritual for rain as a official business. To do this I focused on the rituals of Chaewon Oh Hoing-Mook (1834~?), who was reeve of Youngnam province. Oh`s ritual was official, but dynamic and flexible. In a aspect Oh`s ritual for rain was one of his routine jobs. In other aspect, through his ritual, Oh tried to establish social integration with consideration for the subjects. The ritual for rain was performed when drought kept going on. In this natural crisis. he held the ceremony to meet the subjects face by face. Through two additional ritual, especially, he preserved social order, and took care of the subjects preferentially. All social class people can also meet each other in the ritual. Performing the ritual with highly established form, he also gave great concern to the subjects. He gained sympathy of the subjects`s pain, and paid fruits or money. He also minimized the subjects`s burden loaded to them. In these his routine rituals, I can know that reeves shared their joy with the subjects and communicated each other. It is fundamental procedure to choose ritual place, to prepare things needed in the ceremony, and to write a ritual oration in the official ritual. It is common to prepare ritual place, things needed in ritual, and order of ritual according to law books. The ritual was based on Conficianism, therefore taboos or belief system of official ceremony was less restricted than those of private ceremony. One of remarkable thing is ritual oration. After 13th ritual, the two additional rituals was executed. In those rituals, the formality of orations were less strict than that of previous 13 rituals. He showed his wish for raining with the ritual oration, which had long sentences and flexible contents. Reeves usually understood the Mother Nature in aspect of Confucianism. Eventually, reeves recognized the relationship between God and human as a reciprocal interaction.

Oxalate와 Enrofloxacin투여한 랫트신장에 대한 병리조직학적관찰

오원석,이차수,오규실,정원일,정재용,정다히,정규식 한국임상수의학회 2003 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.20 No.4

To investigate the renal effects of enrofloxacin administration on rats induced with dehydration or hyperoxaluria, male rats were treated with enrofloxacin of 50 mg to 500 mg/kg b.w.. The microscopical observations of kidney and urine sediment were carried out in the experimental groups. The result obtained were as follows; The male rats deprived of water for 72 hours and administered with enrofloxacin. As enrofloxacin administration dose was increased, clinical signs such as loss of appetite, depression, weakness, and loss of urine output became more severe. In the histopathological findings, there were hyperemia and hemorrhage in renal cortex, vacuolation and necrosis of renal tubular epithelia, proteinous casts within renal tubules. The male rats were orally administered with sodium oxalate and injected with enrofloxacin for 7days. As enrofloxacin administration dose was increased, clinical signs such as the loss of appetite and water consumption, and weakness became more severe. In the histopathological findings, there are hemorrhage of glomeruli and cortical hyperemia, vacuolation and necrosis of tubular epithelia, proteinous casts in renal tubules. In the microscopical findings of urine sediment, there are calcium oxalate crystal (diamond-like type) and magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals (rhomboid). The male rats were intraperitoneally injected with sodium oxalate and administered with enrofloxacin for 7days. As enrofloxacin administration dose was increased, clinical signs such as the loss of appetite and water consumption, weakness were more severe. In the histopathological findings, there were hyperemia and hemorrhage in both glomeruli and renal cortex. Severe necrosis of renal tubular epithelia, bluish materials within renal tubules were also found. In the microscopical findings of urine sediment, there were many calcium oxalate crystals. The present results suggest that enrofloxacin has some injurious effects in rats having dehydration or hyperoxaluria, and clinically, we should consider these renal injury effects when we use enrofloxacin in patients accompanied renal disease, dehydration and hyperoxaluria conditions.

당뇨병과 동반된 화농성 간농양의 임상상 및 예후인자

오은숙,강무일,이원영,오기원,임동준,이소영,이정민,고승현,김성래,안유배,손현식,윤건호,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구 대한당뇨병학회 2000 임상당뇨병 Vol.1 No.1

연구배경: 감염질환은 혈관질환과 함께 당뇨병의 중요한 사망원인의 하나이며, 혈당조절이 불량할수록 감염 빈도가 증가됨은 잘 알려져 있다. 간농양의 발생이 있어서도 당뇨병은 중요한 기저질환 중의 하나이다. 일반적으로 간농양의 가장 흔한 원인균은 Escherichi coli라고 알려져 있으나, 최근 당뇨병을 가진 간농양 환자에서 Klesiella pneumoniae의 검출이 증가되고 있다. 또 최근 연구에 의하면 K.pneumonie가 간농양의 가장 흔한 원인균이며, K. pneumoniae에 의한 간농양은 K.pneumoniae 이외의 균주에 의한 간농양보다 당뇨병과 밀접히 관련되어 있다고 보고된 바 있다. 이에 저자들은 간농양 환자를 대상으로 당뇨병환자의 빈도를 알아보고, 그 원인균 및 특징을 비당뇨병 환자들의 경우와 비교해 보고자 하였다. 방법: 1992년 1월부터 1999년 6월까지 방사선학적 검사 혹은 수술에 의해 간농양이 확인되거나, 경피적 천자나 수술을 통한 배농액 배양, 혹은 혈액 검사에서 원인균이 증명된 182명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적 임상고찰을 실시하였다. 결과: 화농성 농양을 가진 167명의 환자(남:94명, 여:73명)중 당뇨병을 가진 환자는 54명 (남:30명, 여:24명)으로 32.3%를 차지하였다. 환자의 평균나이는 당뇨군에서 62.1 ± 13.4세, 비당뇨군에서는 55.1 ±15.5세로 당뇨군에서 높았으며(p=0.0021), 남녀간의 평균나이 비교 시 두 군 모두 여성의 나이가 의미있게 높았다. 비당뇨군에 비하여 당뇨군의 경우 저알부민혈증의 빈도와 aspartate transaminase가 증가되어있었다. 원인균주는 K. pneumoniae (당뇨군54%, 비당뇨군 39.1%), E. coli(당뇨군 17.5%, 비당뇨군 18.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus viridans, Enterococcus 순이었으며 두 군간의 의미는 차이는 없었으나 K. pneumoniae의 경우 다른 균종에 비해 단독감염의 빈도가 높았다(82.8%). 사망률은 당뇨군에서 16.7%, 비당뇨군에서 7.1%로 당뇨군에서 의미있게 높았으며(p=0.019), 당뇨군에서의 사망환자는 모두 패혈증이 동반되어 있었다. 당뇨환자의 사망군은 생존군에 비해 당뇨병 이환기간이 길고 혼합감염의 빈도가 높았다(p=0.046). 검사실 소견에서는 총 빌리루빈 및 알카리성 포스파타제의 증가가 관찰되어 있었다. 결론: E. coli가 간농양의 주된 원인균이라는 기존 보고와는 달리 당뇨군과 비당뇨군 모두 K. pneumoniae가 간농양의 주된 원인균이었다. 또한 당뇨 유병기간이 길고 당뇨조절이 불량한 환자에서 혼합감염이며 총 빌리루빈 및 알카리성 포스파타제의 증가등과 같은 위험인자가 존재할 경우 사망률이 증가될 수 있으므로 이들 군에서는 적극적인 치료가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. Background: Liver abscesses are commonly associated with underlying disease, particularly diabete mellitus. The number of the liver abscesses caused by Klebslella pneumoniae in diabetic patient has been increased in Korea nowadays. This study was conducted to clarify the clinical presentation and prognostic factors of pyogenic liver abscesses, especially in diabetic patients and to determine the proportion of K. pneunomiae as a pathogen in liver abscess in Korea. Methods: Medical records of 167 patients treated for pyogenic liver abscess from January, 1992 through June, 1999 were reviewed retrospectively in detail. Major Pathogenic organism, clinical manifestations, prognostic factors, the importance of diabetes mellilus as an underlying disease and its effect on clinical features and prognosis were analyzed. Results: Among 167 cases of pyogenic liver abscess, underlying diabetes mellitus was present in 32.3%. The mean age of patients was 62.7 13.4 years in diabetic liver abscess group and 55.1 15.5 years in non-diabetic liver abscess group. Most liver abscesses were cryptogenic in origin or secondary to the billary tree diseases. The clinical presentations among the two groups were not significantly different. When compared to patients without diabetes, patients with diabetes had significantly higher proportions of hypoalbuminemia and elevated aspartate transaminase level. The most common organism of the pyogenic abscess was K. pneumoniae in both groups. Percutaneous drainage of the abscess with appropriate antibiotics was the most commonly used therapeutic modality in liver abscess. The mortality rate of diabetic liver abscess is 16.1 % and 7.1% in nondiabetic liver abscess. Complications, especially septicemla, were found more frequently in patients with diabetes than in patients without diabetes (64.8% vs 28.3%, septicemia : 31.5% vs 9.7%). The factors influencing mortality in the diabetic liver abscess were disease duration, mixed infection, presence of septicemia, elevated bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase. Conclusions: In contrast to prior report that the E. coli was the most common pathogen in liver abscess, we found that K. pneumoniae was the most common organism cultured in liver abscess. Diabetic patients have more complications and higher mortality than patients without diabetes. Early detection and proper treatment are needed to improve the outcome for diabetic patient with liver abscess.

백서 척수에서 Capsaicin과 Eugenol이 iCGRP (immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide) 분비 조절에 미치는 영향

오원만,김원재,최남기,박상원,황인남,김선현 大韓齒科保存學會 2001 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.26 No.5

Neuropeptide such as calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P may mediate neurogenic inflammation, but little is known about the regulation of neuropeptide release from rat spinal cord. Eugenol has been reported to reduce odontogenic pain and is known to have a structure similar to capsaicin, a potent stimulant of certain nociceptors. This study was done to examine the effect of capsaicin and eugenol on immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide (iCGRP) release from rat spinal cord and whether eugenol regulates capsaicin-sensitive release of iCGRP or it evokes capsaicin-sensitive release of iCGRP. The dorsal half of rat lumbar spinal cord was chopped into 200㎛ slices. They were superfused (500㎕/min) in vitro with an oxygenated Kreb's buffer. The EC50 of capsaicin on iCGRP release was measured. Eugenol (600㎛ and 1.2mM) and vehicle (0.02% 2-hydroxyl-β-cyclodextrin) were administered prior to stimulation of rat lumbar spinal cord with capsaicin. The amount of iCGRP release from rat lumbar spinal cord was measured by radioimmunoassay. The results were as follows : 1.iCGRP release from rat lumbar spinal cord was dependent on concentration of capsaicin. The EC50 of capsaicin on iCGRP release was 3㎛. 2.In the vehicle treated group, capsaicin (3㎛) evoked a 14-fold increase over basal iCGRP level. 3. Administration of 600㎛ and 1.2mM eugenol evoked a 2.2-fold increase and a 2.3-fold increase over basal iCGRP level respectively. 4.Administration of 600㎛ and 1.2mM eugenol increased capsaicin evoked release of iCGRP by more than 50%. These results indicate that eugenol evoke CGRP release from central nervous system and potentiate the pain-inducing action of capsaicin on it Key words : Eugenol, Capsaicin, Rat lumbar spinal cord, Superfusion, Radioimmunoassay

購買力 比較에 의한 원貨 對「달러」換率變動의 分析과 方向에 관한 小考

吳元奭 東亞大學校 大學院 1982 大學院論文集 Vol.6 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to analyse empirically and theoretically the relations of price index and exchanges-rate changes between the U.S. and Korea. In the theory of purchasing power parity, there are several assumptions which cannot be applied in current economic situations, but this theory holds up very well over the long run according to the many empirical tests. One of the most important problems which this theory can not cover is the existance of the capital account in the international balance of payment. First, I tried to analyse the theory of purchasing power parity and find any problems which do not correspond with actual economic situations. Second, I compared the changes of Korean WPI with the ones of the U.S. for twenty years form 1960 to 1980 for the purpose of pursuiting any consistant trends in the changes of Korean Won vs. U.S. dollar. This theory suggests that any changes in the differential rate of inflation between them tends to be offset over the long run by an equal but opposite changes in the spot exchange rate. As some differences between the spot rate and inflation were found in my analysis, I suggested in this paper that our current exchange rate system, which is called 「Compound Currencies Basket System」, should be reformed to reflect inflation differences accurately. Thus, the exchange rate can reflect real economy. Since the portion of capital account in balance of payment are bigger and bigger to improve capital accounts by widening international finance, manupulating interest rates against international ones, and developing forward market is necessary for Korea which is experiencing chronic deficits in current accounts. Therefore, inflation and interest rate differencs should be considered as main factors, not as strategic factors in the determination of exchange rates. And the rate should not be used as a temporary coordinator in improving exportation, although this may be a temporary measure, but this must be followed by and import-inflation eventually. Finally the exchange rate as an evonomic variable should be changed in accordance with both countries purchasing powers, which only can make Korean Economy to be competitive in a real secter, and chronic deficits of the balance of payment should be improbed by inducing capital inflows through political and economic stabilities, foreign investment, and international finance in a short run, but quality improbement and innovation based on the stability of prices and exchange rates can enhance exportation which results in the improvement of current accounts in a long run.

韓方 食餌論에 대한 文獻的 考察

文重元,宋泰元,吳旼錫 대전대학교 한의학연구소 2001 한의학연구소 논문집 Vol.10 No.1

Good health and longevity is the goal of huamn beings. Recently, 'Dietary treatment' has become influential as one of the means for it in western medicine. Whereas in oriental medicine, 'Dietary treatment' was not recognized as therapeutic method but care of health. in this paper, the viewpoints of 'Dietary treatment' in oriental and western medicine was compared and searched for new possibilities in oriental medicine. And the resutls were as follows. 1. In oriental and western medicine, food was obviously recognized as a source of nourishment, and moreover oriental medicine took even a human soul into consideration. 2. Western medicine made much of nourishment and was analytical and therapeutic-centered, on the other hand, oriental medicine took a serious view of prevention and care of health. 3. Oriental medicine considered that intake of food was a adoption of Gi(氣) and then it helped a circulation of Gi and beneficial for the production of Jeong(精). 4. Theprinciples of diet in oriental medicine was reasonable combination of food, balance of Oh-Mi(五味), temperance of food and intake by physical constiution.

동종골수이식 후 혈당 및 혈중 지질농도의 변화양상 및 관련인자

이원영,강무일,오은숙,오기원,손현식,윤건호,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구,신완식,민우성,김춘주 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.24 No.6

연구배경:골수이식은 비교적 젊은 연령의 환자들을 대상으로 하며 면역억제제의 사용기간이 비교적 짧으므로, 주로 고령의 만성 질환 환자에서 시행되는 고형장기이식에서와는 달리 당대사 및 지단백 대사에 있어서 많은 차이점이 있을 것으로 추측된다. 저자들은 전향적 연구를 통하여 골수이식 후 시기별로 혈당 및 혈중지단백 변화 양상을 알아보고 이와 관련된 임상인자들을 규명하고자 하였다. 방법:1998년 10월부터 1999년 8월까지 가톨릭대학교 성모병원에서 동종골수이식을 시행한 환자들 중 43명을 대상으로 이식 전 및 이식 후 1, 2, 3, 4주와 3개월, 6개월에 공복 혈당, 혈중 총 콜레스테롤, 중성지방, 고밀도지단백을 측정하여 골수이식 후 시기별 변화를 관찰하고 여러 임상인자들에 따른 차이를 알아보았다. 결과:1. 공복혈당은 골수이식 수 첫4주 동안 상승하였고 이후 감소하였으나 이식 6개월 시점의 평균 공복혈당은 이식 전보다 유의하게 높게 관찰되었다. 혈중 총 콜레스테롤은 이식 후 1주에 최고치를 형성하였고 이후 기저수준으로 회복되었다가 이식 수 3,6개월에 다시 증가하여 기저치에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 혈중 중성지방은 이식 후 1개월까지 유의하게 증가하였고 이후 감소하여, 3,6개월에는 기저치와 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 혈중 고밀도지단백은 이식 후 2,3주에 이식 전보다 유의하게 감소하였고 이후 이식 전 수준으로 회복되었다. 혈중 저밀도지단백은 총 콜레스테롤의 변화와 매우 유사하였다. 2. 골수이식 후 6개월 시점에서 공복 혈당이 126㎎/dL이상인 환자는 7명(16%)이었다. 이들 환자들과 공복혈당 126㎎/dL 미만의 환자 36명을 비교한 결과, 공복혈당이 126㎎/dL 이상인 환자군에서 스테로이드 평균 투여량이 많았고 고밀도지단백이 유의하게 낮았다. 3. 이식편대숙주질환이 발생한 환자는 그렇지 않은 환자보다 이식 후 1, 2, 3주 및 6개월의 총 콜레스테롤이 더 낮았고, 3개월의 공복혈당이 더 높았다. 혈연골수이식 환자군은 비혈연골수이식 환자에 비해 투여된 스테로이드 용량이 더 적음에도 불구하고 이식 후 1, 2, 3주 및 6개월의 총 콜레스테롤 수치가 더 높았다. 스테로이드 고용량 투여군(하루 평균 7.5㎎기준)은 저용량군보다 이식 후 3개월 시점의 공복혈당이 더 높았으나 나머지 시점의 혈당, 혈중 지질농도에 있어서는 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 결론:골수이식 후 초기시기에 주로 당 대사 및 지질대사이상이 관찰되며 이는 면역억제제 투여와 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 면역억제제가 고용량 투여되는 합병증 발생 시 이들 대사이상에 관심을 기울여 대처해야 할 것이다. Background: In bone marrow transplantation(BMT), recipients are usually younger and immunosuppressants are open used in shorter period than in solid organ transplantation. Therefore, there might be a difference in glucose and lipid metabolism between BMT and solid organ transplantation. However, the serial changes of metabolic parameters following BMT have not been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the serial changes of blood glucose, lipids and the putative factors that are related with these changes after BMT. Methods: We have prospectively investigated 43 patients who underwent allogeneic BMT. Fasting plasma glucose(FPG), total cholesterol, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein(HDL) were measured before BMT, and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 12 weeks and 6 months after BMT. The serial changes of these metabolic parameters according to clinical factors including type of BMT, mean daily steroid dosage, and occurrence of graft versus host disease (GVHD) were examined. Results: 1. Mean FPG level increased during 4 weeks after BMT and remained above basal value at post-transplant 6 months. Total Cholesterol level was increased during initial 4 weeks after BMT and was above basal value at post-BMT of 3 and 6 months. Triglyceride level was progressively increased during initial 4 weeks after BMT, but returned to basal value there after. HDL-cholesterol level was significantly decreased during initial 4 weeks after BMT, but returned to basal value there after. 2. Patients with FPG above 126 mg/dL and the other patients, the former received larger amounts of daily steroid and had lower HDL-cholesterol level. 3. The changes of metabolic parameters were different according to type of BMT, steroid dose, and occurrence of GVHD. Conclusion: Although there was increase of FPG, TC, TG and decrease of HDL-C during initial 4 weeks after BMT, these metabolic changes recovered slowly thereafter. Immunosuppressants are thought to be associated with these changes. Further observation will be needed for the long-term effect of BMT on metabolic changes(J Kor Diabetes Asso 24:689~698, 2000).

장애학생 관련 변인에 따른 비장애 학생의 통합태도 연구

오원석 ( Won Seok Oh ),남경숙 ( Kyung Sook Nam ),허명진 ( Myung Jin Huh ) 한국특수교육문제연구소 2006 특수교육저널 : 이론과 실천 Vol.7 No.3

장애학생 관련 변인에 따른 비장애 학생의 통합교육에 대한 태도 및 장애학생에 대한 친근감을 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였으며, 연구 대상은 대구광역시 초등학교 5개교15학급 477명을 선정하였다. 연구 결과 장애학생의 통합에 대한 비장애 학생의 태도에 영향을 미치는 변인은 장애유형, 장애학생 성별, 장애학생의 청결상태이며, 영향을 미치지 않는 변인으로는 장애학생 부모의 관심도, 장애아 가정의 경제적 수준 그리고 장애학생의 학습 능력인 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study is to determine the attitudes for integration education and the intimacy with disabled students of Nondisabled students influenced by disabled students. For such purpose, 477 students of 15 classes from 5 elementary schools located in Daegu Metropolitan City were selected as the object of this study. Integrated Attitudes was measured through an investigation equipment by Oh Won-Seok and Seo-Yeong Ran which adapted and modified a testing document called Inclusion of Students who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing Inventory (ISDHH) invented by Hsin-Ling Hung(2005). The result indicated that the factors which influence the Attitudes of nondisabled students regarding integration with disabled students are the type of injury, the gender and the cleanness of the disabled student. The factors which do not influence the above are interests of the disabled student``s parents, economic level of the family and the learning ability of the disabled student.

골수이식 후 골밀도 및 골대사의 변화 : 2년 추적관찰 2-Year Prospective Study

이원영,강무일,오은숙,오기원,한제호,손현식,윤건호,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구,신완식,민우성,김춘추 대한내분비학회 2000 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.15 No.4·5