경막 내 colistimethate 투여로 치료한 다제 내성 cinetobacter baumannii 뇌실염

홍유아,유진홍,김진진,모은영,안건희,정희경,김진석,이현정,정미향,윤승배 대한감염학회 2009 감염과 화학요법 Vol.41 No.4

Acinetobacter species is a non-fermentative aerobic gram-negative coccobacillus that is an important pathogen found in nosocomial infections. Recently, multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB) infections have been increasing and pose a serious problem. Most such infections present as bacteremia, pneumonia, or a wound infection; however, CNS infections are very rare. We herein present a case of ventriculitis caused by MDR-AB in a 37-year old man after a neurosurgical intervention. The patient was successfully treated with intrathecal colistimethate.

울산시 실직 여성가장의 현황

홍승아,이미영 울산과학대학 1999 연구논문집 Vol.26 No.1

이글은 여성의 실업문제에 주목하여, 특히 실직 여성가장에 대하여 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 위해 첫째, 여성실업의 문제를 바라보는 시각들을 정리해 보고, 둘째, 통계자료를 통하여 실업실태를 개관해 보고, 세째, 울산지역의 실직 여성가장의 현황에 대하여 살펴본 후에, 마지막으로 이를 토대로 실직 여성가장에 대한 제언을 제시해 보고자 한다. 실직 여성가장에 대한 실태조사는 설문조사 및 면접조사를 통하여 살펴보았으며 조사결과는 다음과 같다. 실직 여성가장은 최근 1년 이내에 실직을 경험한 경우가 53.9%로 나타났으며, 특히 이들이 가장 필요하다고 생각하는 것은 일자리와 생계대책으로(80.8%) 나타나, 당장의 생계와 재취업에의 열망이 가장 큰 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 실직 여성가장에게 일자리를 창출할 수 있는 적극적인 여성정책이 요구된다. This paper empirically examines the status of the unemployed female- headed family in Ulsan area. This study uses data collected from usable 182 cases among 200 collected data who responded to the questionnaires. This study showed that the unemployed female-headed family are situated in the very vulnerable position. And the very things they really wanted are "job hunting" and the urgent subsistence maintenance. And they also wanted governmental financial assistance, social support system at a moderate level. Therefore they need a "positive and inclusive" women policy which can create job place for the them.

차아염소산나트륨을 이용한 데님의 탈색효과

홍승아,송화순 숙명여자대학교 건강·생활과학연구소 2006 生活科學硏究誌 Vol.- No.22

The denim fabric treated with washing agent has the natural color and smoothness as if it is worn for a long time. Also washing processing is treated to make denim fabric to improve the qualities and adjust the shrinking percentage. But on the other hand there could be such a quality deterioration as lowering of intensity. In this study we used the NaCIO as washing agent and find the proper condition to have the desired bleaching effect, while minimizing the damages of the fabric. When the concentration of NaCIO was 3%, weight loss and color difference were stable at 25℃ and 40℃. But, when the concentration of NaCIO was 6%, the denim fabric was stable under 40℃. The fiber structure of denim fabric was dispersed and fibrillation increased as the concentration and temperature became higher. The tensile strength and tearing strength of denim fabric dropped suddenly as the concentration and temperature became higher.

완속여과 시스템에서 입자 제거와 손실수두(headloss)의 관계

신승식,홍진아,전항배 충북대학교 건설기술연구소 2003 建設技術論文集 Vol.22 No.1

The operational performance of slow sand filters can be considerably improved by the application of a layer of non-woven synthetic fabric to the top surface of the sand media. This improvement is manifested in terms of an increased filter run time and the avoidance of headloss development within the sand media. The relationship between particulate removal and headloss development were investigated with two pilot-scale slow sand filters(filter A and filter B(ACF)) of which diameter was 140 mm and packed with sand in the depth of 850 ㎜. One of the filters was amended by covering the surface of slow sand filters with a ACF(activated carbon fiber) of which specific surface area was more than 1000 ㎡/g and thickness was 3 ㎜. Effective size and uniform coefficient of the sand medium was 0.31 ㎜ and 2.0 respectively. Initial filtration rate was 0.167 m/hr and the raw water turbidity and pH were in the range of 1.5-2.0 NTU, and 7.0-7.7, respectively. The particle removal efficiency of small than 2 ㎛ showed 86, 78% and greater than 3 ㎛ showed 96, 95% in the slow sand filter A and B(ACF), respectively. NPOC removed within upper 50 ㎜ depth and Schmutzdecke in slow sand filter B(ACF). Therefore, amended slow sand filter with non-woven fabric could reduce filter ripening time.

정신병리적 언어행위의 형식적 특징규명을 위한 기초연구

민형원,홍성기,정승아,이장한,양병환 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.4

연구목적 : 정신분열병집단과 정상집단의 사고형태의 차이를 언어철학적으로 접근하여 이해하고 이를 바탕으로 사고형태를 측정하는 도구를 개발하고자 한다. 방 법 : 1997년의 예비실험에서 얻은 결과를 중심으로 새로운 작품사진(具象, 抽象의 彫刻과 繪畵)을 약 50장을 선정한 후 반응의 용이성과 다양성을 기준으로 최종 10개의 작품을 실험도구로 결정하였다. 피검자는 1999년 2월부터 동년11월까지 대학병원 신경정신과에 입원한 24명(정신분열병)과 정상대조군으로 19명의 일반인들이 실험에 참가하였다. 피검자들은 제시되는 작품의 제목을 붙이도록 요구받았으며, 피검자의 세 가지 반응측면 즉 반응의 방식, 반응이 지칭하는 작품의 범위, 그리고 반응이 지칭하는 대상의 구체성 혹은 추상성 여부로 구분하여 전체 7가지 양상으로 기호화하였고 각 반응를 직접과 간접으로 구분하였다. 피검자에게 실험을 실시한 후 기호화하여 집단간 빈도분석을 실시하였다. 결 과 : 1) 정신분열병집단이 정상집단보다 직접속성, 단순기술의 반응이 많은 반면에, 정상집단의 경우 투사가 결합된 직접속성, 간접속성, 간접연상, 그리고 개념의 형성에 필요한 일반화가 많았다. 2) 제목과 이 제목이 지칭하는 작품의 범위관계에 대한 정신분열병집단과 정상집단의 반응빈도는 의미 있는 차이를 보이지 않았으나 두 집단 모두 작품의 부분보다는 전체를 보고 제목을 정하는 경향이 높았고, 비교적 정신분열병집단이 제목을 작품전체를 보고 단순하게 반응하는 경향이 있는 반면에 정상집단은 작품의 일부분을 보고 이를 일반화하는 경향이 많았다. 3) 정신분열병집단과 정상집단 모두 제목의 추상성보다는 구체성이 우세한 경향을 보였으나, 정신분열병집단(95.3%)이 정상집단(71.4%)에 비해서 보다 더 제목의 구체성이 두드러졌으며 정상집단(28.6%)은 정신분열병집단(4.7%)에 비해서 전체 반응빈도에서 제목의 추상성이 더 우세하였다. 4) 정신분열병집단이 정상집단보다 사고의 직접성이 더 높았고(73.5%), 정상집단은 사고의 간접성이 더 높았다.(58.7%). 결 론: 1) 정신분열병집단이 정상집단에 비하여 추론과정과 사고의 단계성이 없는 직접적이고 단순한 형태의 사고형태나 언어표현이 확연히 드러났다. 또한 정신분열병집단이 사물을 지각하고 이를 표현하는데 있어서도 사물의 전체를 보고 단순하게 반응하거나, 구체적이고 직접적인 표현이 많은 것으로 보인다. 2) 본 연구를 통해 개발된 실험도구를 좀 더 넓은 범위의 대상자에게도 반복 적용하여 연구함으로써 지속적인 신뢰도와 타당성을 높일 수 있을 것이다. 또한 개별적 차이에 대한 연구를 병행함으로써 개인간의 혹은 동일한 인물의 시간경과에 따른 사고방식의 차이를 검사할 수 있는 방법으로 정착될 필요가 있다. 3) 비록 양집단 사이의 확연한 차이에도 불구하고 실험도구의 신뢰성을 객관적으로 확보하기 위하여 사고형태 및 언어적 표현에 영향을 미치는 것으로 추정되는 지적능력, 교육연한, 그리고 문화적 경험을 좀 더 고려한 추가연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to identify differences in thinking between schizophrenic patients and healthy subjects with linguistic-philosophical approach and to develop a tool to measure pathological thinking. Methods : Approximately 50 cards(pictures of either representational or abstract sculptures and paintings) from the previous experiment(1997) were carefully examined and 10 cards were selected based on their variety and promptness of the response. Twenty-four schizophrenic patients and 19 healthy subjects participated in this experiment. Participants were required to give a title to each picture. Their responses were analysed based on the forms of thinking, abstractness(or concreteness) and the category of the title. Each response was also coded either direct of indirect. Results : 1) Schizophrenic patients emitted more direct and simple descriptive responses whereas healthy subjects showed projection-related direct traits, indirect traits, indirect association and generalization. 2) Both groups tended to utilize the whole rather than parts. Schizophrenic group depended more on the whole pictures than healthy group. Healthy subjects showed more generalization tendency with parts. 3)Both groups preferred concrete titles to abstract ones. Schizophrenic group(95.3%) used more concrete titles than healthy group(71.4%) and healthy group(28.65%) used more abstract titles than schizophrenic group(4.7%). 4) Schizophrenic patients(73.5%) showed more directness in thinking than healthy subjects, whereas healthy subjects(58.7%) more indirectness. Conclusions : 1) Schizophrenic patients clearly showed direct and simple forms of thinking and expressive language, lacking reasoning, and systematic processing. Additionally, schizophrenic patients simply responded to the whole and used concrete and direct expression. 2) Replication study is warranted to improve reliability and validity of the tool we developed. Research on individual differences needs to be conducted to measure differences among individuals and change over time in an individual. 3) Further study on the factors which might be related to forms of thinking and language expressions, such as intelligence is warranted.

Inoue Balloon을 이용한 PMV의 장·단기 결과 분석

진은선,이연아,전숙,김현숙,정승묵,박상선,최락경,임달수,홍석근,황흥곤 대한순환기학회 2003 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.33 No.11

랫드에서 인체 재조합 적혈구 조혈인자, rHuEPO의 13주 정맥투여 아만성독성에 관한 연구

김형식,곽승준,천선아,박현선,한하수,임소영,안미영,김원배,김병문,안병옥,홍성렬,이병무 성균관대학교 약학연구소 1998 成均藥硏論文集 Vol.10 No.1

A recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) was administered intravenously at dosage levels of 0, 100, 500, and 2500 IU/㎏/day for a period of 13 weeks. There were no observed clinical signs and deaths related to treatment in all groups tested. Decreases in body weight gain and food consumption were observed only in males of 2,500 IU/㎏ group after 2 weeks. In hematological parameters, erythrocyte content, hematocrit values and hemoglobin concentration were dose-dependently increased in rHuEPO treated groups. The ratio between kidney weight and whole body weight was significantly increased in females of 500 and 2,500 IU/㎏ groups. The spleen weight was also increased in both sexes of 500 and 2,500 IU/㎏ groups. However, the absolute weight change of other organs was not observed. In histopathological examinations, the renal tubular basophilia was observed only in males and females of 2,500 IU/㎏ groups. From these results, it is concluded that the no-observed adverse effect level(NOAEL) of rHuEPO is 100 IU/㎏ in rats in the present study.

언어행위의 형식적 특성을 밝히기 위한 기초연구

양병환,민형원,홍성기,정승아 漢陽大學校 精神健康硏究 1998 精神健康硏究 Vol.17 No.-

한국 여성운동과 걸스카우트운동 : 과거·현재·미래 Yesterday, Present and Tomorrow

정세화,이동원,김미숙,박진숙,장화경,홍승아 이화여대 한국여성연구소 1988 여성학논집 Vol.5 No.-

One of the major implications of women's movements seems to lie in the fact that it tends to promote women's consciousness-raising and, thus, heighten social status of women in general. It would be very much the case when discussion centers around the emergence of Korean women's movements in modern sense. Due to the socio-political atmospheres of the lathe 19th century Korean society, its basic characteristics owe to strong tones of patriotic nationalism under the slogan of "learning is might enough to deal with the imperialistic foreign powers of the time." As such, ever since the introduction of women's enlightenment movements of the time, Korean women's movements have provided for the advancement of egalitarian society. However, assessing the effectiveness of programs that are practiced by the existing women's organizations in Korea, it deserves mention in that most programs are for the adult female members, assuming it would only be applicable to those adults. In this regard, it can be said that the Korean Girl Scout organization has worked a unique role to make up such voids in women's movements - most programs developed and exercised by the Girl Scout are reserved for those young girls. For instance, special activities like social services, field campaigns, and international gatherings would definitely work a profound impact in the formation of gender-role stereotypes of the youth. The present study tries to examine the Korean Girl Scout movement being the case of women's movement organization. Discussion will cover such topics as; historical reviews of Korean Girl Scout movement, principal organizational goals and its practice in real life, and internal dynamics of members between "staffs" and the ordinary members themselves-on perceptions of the movement, evaluation of leaderships, and the future orientations of the Girl Scout, etc. Various research methods are employed. Book reviews, in-depth interviews, questionnaires, and participant observations are utilized, when the respective measurement is required. Major findings of the study can be summarized as follows: (1) Numbers of Girl Scout membership have declined since 1980, while revealing its utmost pick upto mid-70s. In terms of regional distributions of the members, both Seoul and Kyung-Nam Branches are the most prosperous. Whereas commemoration ceremonies and camping works are considered most impressive programs, membership trainings and field works are the lowest. About 70 percent of the members show their length of activities in Girl Scout less than one year. Most members are involved in the activities based on self-decision in order to have social services, club memberships, or self actualizations. They are satisfied with most of the programs, especially when participating in the social service programs. (2) As for the staff members, about half of the leaders in the headquarters are newly appointed. Whereas majority of the 'field' staffs are young (in their 20s, or 30s), other leaders are considered old (most of them are in their 40s, 50s, or 60s). Half of the leaders are involved in the activities for less than 5 years. They are recruited by either colleagues' or office seniors' recommendations. Reasons to participate in the movement are to have self-actualized or to have opportunity for social services. All in all, leaders are satisfied with the Girl Scout activities mainly because they can see their youth members progressing and developing. (3) Several issues for the better organizational managements seem to be related. prevalence of aspirational differences between leaders and members tends to cause psychological burdens. Other problematics such as lack of free communication networks, tensions due to cohort differences, authoritarian leadership styles, and financial difficulties would hinder Girl Scout movement more promising and popular to all. Based on the research findings, two major suggestions might be in order. First, underlying rationales of the Girl Scout movement should be reoriented. A special emphasis on the creation of self-supportive 'androgynous individuals' would be the case (in this regard, an intensive program targeted for those pre-school-aged members would be the most effective). As a way to achieve the strategic reformulation, reliance on the interdisciplinary program (for example, coordination with the university) will be one possibility. Secondly, an organizational management should be sufficiently considered. provisions (tangible and intangible) for the 'field leaders' being the key leader group in the Girl Scout movement should be afforded enough to keep their participations voluntary and continuous.

Does bilingualism help trilingualism in phonetic perception?

Seung-ah Hong,Jongsup Jun 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2013 언어연구 Vol.30 No.1

The purpose of this paper is to answer the question of whether bilingual speakers learn a third language more easily than monolinguals. For this, we narrowed down our research interest to Arabic-English bilingual speakers’ perception of the phonetic contrasts in Korean. We have conducted the perception experiment in which native Arabic speakers are grouped into monolinguals and late-bilinguals of English, and are asked to discriminate a different speech sound among three Korean syllables. We cross-classified the subjects’ responses in a multi-way frequency table defined by five categorical variables; i.e. group (monolingual vs. bilingual), syllable structure (V vs. hV), target stimulus position (initial vs. final), contrast pairs of Korean vowels (/a-ʌ, /a-e/, /ʌ-i/, /o-ʌ/, /u-o/, /u-i/, /i-e/, /i-i/), and response (correct vs. incorrect). The log-linear regression analysis indicates robust L1 transfer effects on L3, but we found no significant difference between monolingual and bilingual speakers. Considering the general interest in multi-lingualism among the public and people’s vague belief that bilingualism may help trilingualism, the findings of this paper have significance not only for the field of second language acquisition, but for pedagogical purposes as well.