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朴來榮,李璋鉉,金建浩 弘益大學校 1982 弘大論叢 Vol.14 No.1
1. It is generally known that the labour- management communication can contribute to promote the cooperation and to prevent the conflict between labor and management in firms. The labour-management communication is closely related to the pattern of the labour-management relation of each firm. The labour-management relation in a firm usually has two aspects; one is called as the employee relation which means the private relation between employer and individual employee, and the other is called as the labour relation which refers the collective relation between employer and the group of workers. Vertical communication which includes one-way, two-ways or. several-ways directions is used for the employee relation, while the holizontal communication is for the labour relation. 2. As most of the labour-management relations in Korean firms are not evolved to democratic patterns from autocratical or paternal patterns, their labour-management communications are mainly relying on the one-way vertical direction: Even the downward communications from manager to each employee are inclined to use the channel of formal organization in most korean firms. Of course, there are many kinds of secondary channels for downward communication such as notice boards, morning meetings, circulating bulletins, round table conforences, in-firm radio system and in-firm news-latters. But these secondary channels are not positively utilized by both of manager and workers. In recent, however, the utilization of morning meetings and round table conferences are remarkably increasing in most of Korean firms. 3. The upward communication channels from employee to employer have not so much developed and utilized in Korean firms, because the attitudes of employers to understand the needs and disires of the worker and to listen the ideas and asks of them are not positive. The employers usually think that only the formal organization is enough to understand and to collect the needs and ideas of employee. Even in the firms who have the upward channels like personnel councelling, suggestion system, moral survey, motivation research and sociometry, these channels are nearly utilized by both of employers and workers. These negative attitudes, however, have been changing in recent. The communication channels most actively utilizing in the medium and big size firms are round table conference and employee's seminar, in which there can be realized the several-ways communication among top manager, middle class managers .and workers. 4. The horizontal communications are carried on not only between management and labour union but also through labour-management council. The communications between management and labour union is more effective than those through labour management council. However, it is difficult to say that the communication between management and labour union is realizing on an equal footing, because the activity of labour union is now being partially restricted. On the other hand, it is clear that the collective communication through labour-management council is also carring just for form sake. All of the firms who employed more than 100 workers have been urged to formulate the councils in accordance with the labour-management council law made in Dec., 1980. Therefore, all these firms have the councils and open the councils more than one time in three months, but this system is not fixed substantially. 5. The performance of the labour-management communication is differentiated by many factors such as size of firm, leadership of employer and male-female composition of workers. In small size firms, the commuication is relatively easy, even though there are few channels prepared. But in huge firms, the communication is complex and ineffective, though they have many kinds of channels prepared for vertical and horizontal communication. Most effective performance of the communication can be realized in medium-size firms. It is easily found that leadership is most important factors affecting to the performance of communication, and that communication channels in the firms employed much female workers have been developed in detail rather than in the firms employed much male workers. 6. It is difficult to find out the relationships between the productivity and the ,degree of communication, because the productivity of a firm has been effected by various factors. It is also difficult to know the relationships between a simple index like the departure ratio of employee and the degree of labour-management communication in a firm. We could feel, however, that the labour-management relation was more peaceful and the workers were more earnest in the firms who have good communication comparing to the firms who have bad communication. 7. We can recommand to employers that it is neccessary to promote the labour-management communication in firms for making 'the cooperative relations and for preventing the conflict between management and labour. It is also recommended that the most important fact to induce the promotion of the communication in firms is to change the attitude of the employers. After then, they can develop various kinds of communication channels, they can employ the specialists on these fields, and they can prepare some incentive policies for better utilization of the channels. We also want to recommand to the government concerns that the initiation and stimulation of government are very important in Korea for promoting the labour-management communication in firms. Government can develop the communication models and skills. But it seems to be dangerous if the government may urge a simple model uniformly to the diverse firms. The suggestion of several models from government is surely helpful for the firms, but the selection of the models should be decided at firm's discretion. In addition, we want to recommand to the labour union and the representatives of the labour-management council that it is desirable to develop the communication. channels between the union leader or the representatve of council and the workers.
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김동규,김영대,장현오,조종래 인제대학교 2006 仁濟醫學 Vol.27 No.-
Objective : The incidence of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection in childhood has dramatically declined, and therefore the susceptibility of adult to HAV is increasing in Korea. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of anti-HAV IgG in children and adolescents in Gyeonggi Province. Methods : 172 children and adolescents with no history of transfusion of any blood products during recent 1 year were enrolled. They were classified into 3 groups such as; 3~6 years, 10~11 years, and 17~18 years. Positive rates of anti-HAV IgG were determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Results : According to age group, the seropositive rates were 0%(0/38), 0%(0/82) and 1.9%(1/52) in 3~6, 11~12, and 17~18 years of age group respectively. Conclusion : Prevalence of Anti-HAV IgG in children and adolescents is nearly zero in our study. We recommend the HAV vaccination for young children.
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Effects of protein concentration and detergent on endotoxin reduction by ultrafiltration
( Hyun Jang ),( Hyo Seung Kim ),( Seung Cheol Moon ),( Young Rae Lee ),( Kang Yeoul Yu ),( Byeong Kil Lee ),( Hyun Zo Youn ),( Young Ju Jeong ),( Byeong Soo Kim ),( Sung Ho Lee ),( Jong Suk Kim ) 생화학분자생물학회 2009 BMB Reports Vol.42 No.7
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온실재배와 노지재배한 금산 깻잎의 품질 특성과 향기성분
현광욱,구교철,장정호,이재곤,김미리,이종수 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2004 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.11 No.1
깻잎을 이용한 건강 식품을 개발하고자 먼저 깻잎의 주산지인 금산에서 5월 온실재배한 깻잎과 8월 노지재배한 깻잎들의 품질특성과 향기성분을 조사하였다. 시료깻잎 모두 4.0%의 조단백질과 0.8%의 조지방을 함유하고 있었고, 플라보노이드의 함량은 온실재배 깻잎 25.2%, 노지재배 깻잎 26.5%로 시료깻잎간에 큰 차이는 나타나지 않았으며 조사포닌 함량도 2,7%와 2,8%로 비슷하였다. 시료깻잎의 효소 활성은 오직 알칼리성 단백질 분해효소 활성만이 8월 노지재배 깻잎에서만 물 추출물 7.1 unit, 에탄올 추출불 11.8 unit을 보였고 기타 효소 활성은 없었다. 8월 노지재배 깻잎의 조직감 특성으로 먼저 견고성과 탄력성 등은 잎의 상층부와 중층부 보다 잎받침을 포함하는 하층부에서 높았고 응집성은 하층부가 약간 약하였으며 5월 온실재배 깻잎은 씹힘성이 다서 낮았을 뿐 노지재배 깻잎과 비슷하였다. 5월 온실재배와 8월 노지재배 깻잎에는 1-octen-3-ol, linalool, β-caryorhyllene, α-caryophyllene, α-famesene, perilla ketone, nerolidol, eugenol. α-cadinol 등 14종∼15종의 향기성분을 함유하고 있었고 주요한 향기성분은 perilla ketone 이었다. Quality and flavor compounds of perilla leaves cultivated in greenhouse(May) and field (August) in Geumsan province were investigated and compared. All perilla leaves contained 4.0% crude protein and 0.8% crude lipid. C겨de flavonoid contents of perilla leaves cultivated in greenhouse and field showed 25.2% and 26.5%, respectively and each crude saponin content was cultivated in field. Hardness and chewness of bottom parts of field-perilla leaves were higher than those of top and middle part, whereas the cohesiveness of top parts and middle parts of perilla leaves were higher than that of bottom part. Furthermore, texture properties of greenhouse-perilla leaves were similar with those of field-perilla leaves except chewness. Nine kind of flavor compounds such as 1-octen-3-ol, linalool, β-caryophyllene, α-caryophylene, α-franesene, perilla ketone, nerolidol, eugennl, α-cadinol were identified in greenhouse-perilla and field-perilla leaves, showing that main flavor compound was perilla ketone.
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Jang, Se Young,Kim, Eun Kyung,Park, Jae Hyun,Oh, Mi Rae,Tang, Yu Jiao,Ding, Yu Ling,Seong, Hye Jin,Kim, Won Ho,Yun, Yeong Sik,Moon, Sang Ho Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.10
Objective: This experiment was to determine proper physical traits in the diet for goats by investigating the effects of physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) content on dry matter intake (DMI), digestibility, and chewing activity in black goats fed with total mixed ration (TMR). Methods: Six growing wethers of Korean native black goats (Capra hircus coreanae) aged 8 months and weighing between 26.9 kg and 27.1 kg ($27.03{\pm}5.05kg$) were used in this experiment. Three diets of varying peNDF content were obtained by original TMR (T1), 12,000 rpm grinding (T2), and 15,500 rpm grinding (T3) of the same TMR diet. The $peNDF_{1.18}$ content of the experimental diets was 23.85%, 21.71%, and 16.22% for T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Results: Average daily gain (ADG) was higher in T2 group compared to those of the control and T3 groups, but ADG and DMI were not affected by the dietary particle size and peNDF content. Also, there was no difference between apparent nutrient digestibility of dry matter, crude fiber, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber. Although there was no significant difference, rumination and total chewing time were associated with decreased peNDF content. Conclusion: The feeding of peNDF-based TMR showed no impact on apparent nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance. Further studies are required with a wider range of dietary peNDF level and particle size to better identify the effect of dietary peNDF and particle size on chewing activity and performance in goats.
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Jang, Jae-Myung,Jeong, Byeong-Ho,Kim, Young-Rae,Shin, Dae-Hyun,Kim, Seung-Hee,Chung, Sang-Won,Choe, Han-Cheol American Scientific Publishers 2017 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.17 No.6
<P>The Ultra-fine HAp nanoparticles (spherical protrusion) synthesized onto TiO2 barrier oxide film have been shown to exhibit desirable properties as biocompatible or unusual coating layer. The numerous spherical morphologies depending on progress of anodizing time were gradually appeared to the surface whole area. TiO2 barrier oxide film formed by electrochemical method was composed of characteristics laminated structure including the HAp nanoparticles of 7 similar to 10 nm in diameter. The results of EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) line analysis, the elements existing TiO2 barrier oxide film reveal that molar ratio of Ca/P is about 1.615, which is very closed to the Ca/P molar ratio in Ca-10(PO4)(6)(OH)(2): 1.67. The incorporated phosphate species were found mostly in the forms of HPO4-, PO4-, and PO3-, which were penetrated from the electrolyte into the TiO2 barrier layer during anodic process. After 6 and 8 days of soaking in SBF, the HAp nanoparticles (spherical protrusion) were nearly covered with the granular structures, and displayed more micro-cracks on the surface. The Ca/P atomic ratio of the HAp coating was exactly 1.67, as was expected by stoichiometric composition of HA (Ca-10(PO4)(6)(OH)(2)). Thus, it is clearly suggested that these structures of TiO2 barrier oxide film are all effective for biocompatibility.</P>
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