어린이의 사시교정술시 인공호흡수와 심박수와의 상관관계

강종만,김종성,김희수,염명걸 대한마취과학회 2001 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.41 No.4

Correlation between Respiratory Rates and the Degree of Bradycardia in Strabismus Surgery in Children Jong-Man Kang, M.D., Hee-Soo Kim, M.D., Chong0Sung Kim, M.D. and Myung-Kul Yum, M.D.^* Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, and ^*Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea Background: Strabismus surgery is frequent in pediatric ophthalmic surgery. Traction on the extra-ocular muscles can trigger an oculocardiac rdflex. We investigated the correlation between respiratoy rates and the degree of bradycardia to find another management for preventing oculocardiac reflex. Methods: NO premedications were administered. They were induced with thiopental and vecuronium and maintained with O_@-enflurane-N_2O. The tidal volume was 10 ml/kg. Respiratory rate of group 1 (n = 18) was fixed at 24 bpm, group 2 (n = 18) at 20 bpm, and group 3 (n = 19) at 16 bpm. We measured the mean heart rate from intubation to the beginning of surgery and defined this as the basal heart rate. We defined the lowest heart rate after traction of the extraocular muscles as the minimal heart rate. We calculated the correlation coefficient between the respiratory rate and basal heart rate, minimal heart rate, the change of heart rates and E_tCO_2. Results: There was a positive correlation between the respiratory rate and the basal heart rate, and minimal heart rate. There was no correlation between the respiratory rate and the change of heart rate. There was no difference in E_tCo_2 among the 3 groups. Conclusions: Can be increased both basal heart rate in anesthetized patients and minimal heart rate induced by oculocardiac reflex by making the respiratory rate more rapid if there is no significant difference of E_tCO_2. The oculocardiac reflex may be reduced by making respiratory rate more rapid if there is no significant influence on minute ventilation. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2001; 41: 450~454)

리조트소속 에이전트가 현장에서 경험하는 직무만족과 불만족 요인 및 대안 탐색

강명구(Kang, Myung-Goo),송희경(Song Hee-Kyung) 한국체육과학회 2016 한국체육과학회지 Vol.25 No.4

This study is to examine influence factors belonging resort agent on job satisfaction and dissatisfaction in the field experience with analyzing in depth in order to provide alternatives and the basis for a university, sports agencies, resorts and ministries responsible for training of agents. To accomplish the purpose of the study, 89 agents belonging to resorts in Gangwon Province. are subjected to questionnaire with open questionnaire as a phenomenological method. To support of the open questionnaire results, in-depth interviews were conducted by selection of 5 representative agents. To examine job satisfaction and dissatisfaction factors with open questionnaire, questionnaire from the study of Kang, Myung-Goo(2013), Lee, Jung yeon(2003) and Byun, Jae-Woo, Kim Woo-Sung(2014) is used after revising to fit for the study. Data collection was conducted from 1st December 2015 to 31st of January 2016 with open questionnaire and in-depth interviews in order. Data analysis was implemented as area analysis and classification analysis and the results are as follows. First, for job satisfaction factors of agent belonging to the resort, 5 sub-categories of the work achievement, aptitude for work, business creativity, flexibility of work and interpersonal relationships with 17 concepts are extracted. Second, for job dissatisfaction factors of agent belonging to the resort, 5 sub-categories of inefficiencies, conflict, competition, environmental sensitivity and shift pattern of working with 14 concepts are extracted. Third, for the alternative of job dissatisfaction for agent belonging to the resort, 3 sub-categories of supports on social environment, variety of promotions and improvement in conditions with 8 concepts are extracted.

노인의 영적 간호요구

최미혜,김경희,김귀옥,김기숙,김수강,김정신,김춘숙,노흥진,박지연,성혜연,오명선,이선희,이원옥,이윤영,이현수,장명재,차혜경,채정선,홍상희 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.1

This study was designed to exam the aged's needs for spiritual nursing care. The purpose was to serve as a basis for the development of spiritual nursing practice. The major findings are as follows : 1. The degree of needs for spiritual nursing care as area was that needs of love and relationship mean 22.0, needs of meaning and object mean 28.2, needs of forgiving mean 13.5. Total needs for spiritual nursing care mean 63.7, which was on the upper middle level. The needs of meaning and object was rated highest. 2. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of love and relatiohship wasn't significanlty different. 3. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of meaning and object was significantly different according to two factors : age(F=7.260, p=0.001), religion(F=5.275, p=0.001). Higher needs of meaning and object was possessed by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other. 4. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, four factors made a significantly difference to needs of forgiving : sex(t=-2.851, p=0.006), age(F=8.201, p=0.001), religion(F=6.928, p=0.000), disease(t=2.327, p=0.024). Higher needs of forgiving was possessed by man than woman, by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other, by the one who have disease than the other.

간호실무에서 신봉이론(Espoused theories)에 대한 탐색적 연구

서문자,김혜숙,이은희,박영숙,조경숙,강현숙,임난영,김주현,이소우,조복희,이명하,지성애,하양숙,손영희,권성복,김희진,추진아 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1

As a nursing practice involves nurses' actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives, Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal) ; excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, account- ability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics) ; human respect. partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences. positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention. rewarding peer relationship(3 theories of situations) The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore. it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to and any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions

가정통신을 활용한 P.E.T. 프로그램이 부모의 양육태도에 미치는 영향

강명희 한국아동교육학회 2003 아동교육 Vol.12 No.2

The goals of the present study were to develop P.E.T. program used the school-home correspondences and know how to affect it on attitudes of parents' child-rearing. The subjects of the study were 400 parents who had kindergarteners. Subjects were classified into two groups and assigned to the P.E.T. program with the leters, kindergarten-home correspondences for eight weeks. One group was selected as the experimental group, the other group class was selected as the control group. The program was implemented for 8 weeks, a session a week. After these parents in experimental group recorded the results of this program applied in each home, checked their child-rearing attitude in the questionnaires which researcher set out. These effectiveness of the program was a modified version of Schaefer's MBRI(Maternal Behavior Research Instrument) by Won-Young Rhee(1983). These questionnaires were administered to the subjects before, under experiment and after the program. Collected data were analyzed by ANCOVA. The finding of the study are as follow: First, the experimental group which took part in P.E.T. with kindergarten-home correspondences of affective and self-controlled attitude showed that the grade increased more than control group. Second, the experimental group which participated in P.E.T. with kindergarten-home correspondences of rejective and controlled attitude showed that the grade decreased less than control group. According to the result, it indicated that this P.E.T. program used the school-home correspondences was effective in helping parents positively change their attitudes of child-rearing.

가상교육운영시스템에서 요구되는 학습자 지원 기능의 중요도 조사

강명희,이혜경 한국교육정보미디어학회 1999 교육정보미디어연구 Vol.5 No.2

효과적인 가상교육이 이루어지려면 학습자, 교수자, 운영자를 원활히 지원해 주는 가상교육운영시스템이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 이 중 학습자 지원 기능에만 초점을 맞추어 가상교육에서 중요하게 지원하여야할 학습자 지원 기능과 학습자의 소속과 네트웍 경험에 따라 달리 지원하여야 할 기능을 조사하였다. 이를 위한 연구문제는 세가지로 설정하였다. 첫째, 가상교육운영시스템의 학습자 지원 기능들 중 학습자가 중요하다고 인식하는 기능에는 어떠한 것인가? 둘째, 학습자의 소속(대학, 기업)에 따라 학습자 지원 기능에 대한 중요도 인식에는 차이가 있는가? 셋째, 학습자의 네트웍 학습 경험에 따라 학습자 지원 기능에 대한 중요도 인식에는 차이가 있는가? 가상교육에 참여한 경험이 있는 231명의 학습자를 대상으로 설문조사를 한 결과 효과적 가상교육을 위해 우선적으로 지원되어야할 40 가지의 학습자 지원 기능이 규명되었고, 중요도 인식은 학습자의 소속이나 네트웍 경험에 따라 다소 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. The 21st century has been predicted to new paradigm different from the 20st century and has developed. That is, as our society changed to an information society from an agrarian society and industrial society, it caused shifts in all social systems such as family, business and education. Of the social systems, the educational system has pointed to open education, learner-centered education, acquisition of ability to be adapted for an information society and learning environments to utlize new technology. Especially, learner-centered virtual education through new technology is the strongest means for paradigm shifts of education. In the learner-centered virtual education, the learner's role is to participate in learning activities positively such as searching for useful information from ill-structured information sources and communicating with other learners voluntarily. For maximizing these learner's roles, the virtual education system is necessary to support the learner's activities. That is, the virtual education system should offer an environment to meet learning material easily and use methods for interaction between the teacher and peer-learner. In Korea recently, the virtual university which is a plan for improving the virtual education system has been legally confirmed. The discussion and development about virtual education system is necessary to maximize learner's activity. The following questions will be addressed: 1. What are the important learner support functions of the virtual education system? 2. Is there a difference between the learner's and the company employee 'ㄴ perception about learner support functions of the virtual education system? 3. Is there a difference between learners experienced network learning once and learners experienced network learning more than twice importance perception about learner support function of virtual education system? To examine these questions, 231 learners experienced in network learning more than once at least were selected. And the 231 learners responded to the questionnaire to rate the importance of each learner support function. Outlined below is the procedure that was followed in conducting this study. First, after making the questionnaire based on the learner support function investigated by the researcher, learners responded to the questionnaire. Second, to examine the importance of the learner support functions, statistical methods such as descriptive statistics and two independent samples t-test were used. The findings of the research are follows : 1. What are the important learner support functions on the virtual education system? of the 78 learner support functions, 40 functions were perceived to be critical functions by learners. And in the 6 areas, learning reference area recorded the highest mean score (M=3.94, SD=.9). 2. Is there a difference between a learner's and a company employee's importance perception about learner support function of the virtual education system? Of the 40 learner support functions perceived to be critical, there is a significant difference in the 27 functions such as introduction function for understanding the subject's structure and outline(t = -2.571, p<.05), self-test function to offer the result immediately(t = -2.451, p<.05), bulletin boards function to announce new homework and tests(t = 5.786, p<.05), discussion function(t = 6.217, p<.05), E-mail function connect the peer-learner, teacher and administrator(t = 4.869, p<.05), modification function of learner's information(name, ID, introduction, etc.) (t = 6.504, p<.05), etc. 3. Is there a difference between the learners one experience with network learning and learners experience with network learning more than twice importance perception about learner support function of virtual education system? Of the 40 learner support functions perceived to be critical, there is a significant difference is 6 functions such as connecting function between schedule calendar and learning contents(t = 2.732, p<.05), function of submitting report based on file(t = 3.042, p<.05), search function for discussion contents(t = -2.572, p<.05), E-mail function to be connected between learner and administrator individually(t = 2.174, p<.05), modification function of password(t = 2.740, p<.05), set up function whether open learner's information or not(t = 2.033, p<.05). From the above results, this study proposes the following : First, according to social position, the learner support function has to be partial in embodying the virtual education system. Second, the learner support function considered the degree of the learner's network learning experience has to be applied to developing and managing the virtual education system. Third, Follow-up research should identify support functions for teacher and administrator.

고등학교 지구과학에 있어서 비디오를 이용한 수업방식의 학습효과 : 태양계 단원을 중심으로 Especially on the Solar System Chapter

姜用熙,兪明濬 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1990 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.14 No.-

In this study, we make a comparative analysis between the results of the instruction using the video tape recorder(VTR) as an instructional aid and the conventional lecture for the chapter of the solar system in the highschool earth science textbook. We have prepared 14 qustions to investigate the effects of each teaching method. The test was performed to two groups ; 102 high school students who learned the basic concepts concerning the solar system and 101 students who did not learn the concepts. It turned out that regardless of the previous learning, the mean achievement score of students who learned the concept by the VTR lecture is higher then that of students who learned by conventional lecture at a level of significance of 0.05. This means that the VTR instruction is more effective than the conventional lecture for the chapter of the solar system of the high school earth science textbook.

대학생들의 학문적인 글쓰기 향상을 위한 효율적인 교수법

강명희 덕성여자대학교 고등교육연구소 1997 敎育硏究 Vol.5 No.-

Effective Teaching to Improve College Students' Academic Writing Skills One of the central aims of education is teaching students writing skills. Since a fundamental shift has occurred from analysis of written products to examination of writing processes, recently a lot of research provide new insights that have important instructional implications. This process movement is based on cognitively oriented research and focuses do thinking, learning and writing. This study discusses research on three major writing processes: planning, sentence generation, and revision with an intention to translate some of the results discussed here directly into educational practice. To make this research approach work in practice, the importance of the role of feedback on the writing processes for the effectiveness of learning were emphasized. Process-oriented instruction with feedback has been applied to the classroom setting in this study. 40 freshmen who took the writing course were interviewed and the interview data were used for protocol analysis.

웹기반 직업능력개발훈련 현황조사

강명희,신소영 이화여자대학교 교육과학연구소 2001 교육과학연구 Vol.32 No.1

정보통신기술의 발달과 함께 직무 및 직종의 변화 주기가 짧아지면서 직업능력개발을 위한 훈련의 필요성이 점점 증대되고 있다.그러나, 교육훈련의 대부분을 차지하고 있는 강의실의 집합훈련은 시간적, 공간적 제한으로 인하여 현직에 종사하는 사람들에게 직업능력개발 훈련의 기회를 제공하는 데에 한계가 있다.인터넷의 발전과 함께 이를 이용한 교육훈련은 이러한 문제점을 해결해줄 수 있는 새로운 교육훈련방법으로 대학과 기업을 중심으로 현재 활발히 운영되고 있으며, 노동부에서는 웹기반 훈련이 근로자들의 직무능력향상을 위한 훈련에 적절함을 인식하고 '98년 시범사업을 시작으로 웹을 기반으로 직무능력향상훈련을 실시하는 기업에 대하여, 고용보험법에 의한 재정적 지원을 해 주고 있다.이에 본 연구에서는 웹을 기반으로 이루어지고 있는 직업능력개발훈련 현황 분석을 위해 노동부로부터 인터넷 통신훈련기관으로 지정된 21개 기관을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여, 훈련을 시작하려는 기업이나, 훈련을 하고 있는 기관에서 보다 효율적으로 웹 기반 훈련을 할 수 있는 기초자료를 제고하고자 한다. As we enter into the information and knowledge based society, the life cycle of our workers' knowledge and skill has been quite shortened.And the increasing needs for retraining or continuing education for our workers have been outspoken by various business sectors. Although our traditional training programs play their roles in part, their performance and expense level does not meet the expectations of the fast changing business needs.In order to meet the needs of current business sectors, web based training has been designed and developed to train the workers to upgrade their knowledge and skills.Web based training which has been renamed eLearning recently provides visions and hopes for solving various problems in short of skilled workforce by using whereever and whenever concepts., Recently Korean Ministry of Labor started the supporting program for the organizations which run the eLearning programs for retraining the workers.For this study, 21 organizations which have been supported by the Ministry of Korea were selected to do the survey on training area, rationale, management strategy and problems in conducting eLearning programs.The results show that business management is the training area most organizations run and the rationale for running eLearning programs is to reduce the loss time and money generated by the workers who participate face-to-face training away from their current job.These and other results could be used as guidelines for the organizations which may newly start the eLearning program in near future.

流通經路上의 葛藤에 影響을 미치는 要因에 관한 연구 : focused on Power and Relational Norms 힘과 關係的 規範을 중심으로

姜明德,朴琮熙 울산대학교 1996 경영학연구논문집 Vol.3 No.1

본 연구에서는 유통경로시스템상의 제조업자와 유통업자간에 발생하는 갈등관리의 중요성이 높아짐에 따라 더 많은 실증적인 연구가 요구된다는 취지에서 유통경로상의 갈등에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대한 연구를 힘과 관계적 규범을 중심으로 살펴 보았다. 즉 관계적 규범이 힘-갈등관계에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 실증적으로 검토해 본 것이다. 이들 관계를 규명하기 위해 가전산업의 대리점을 대상으로 자료를 수집하고, 이를 회귀분석을 통해 분석하였다. 분석결과는 대체로 관계적 규범의 수준에 따라 힘의 원천이 지각된 힘에 미치는 영향과 힘의 원천, 지각된 힘이 갈등에 미치는 영향에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 경로상의 갈등관리에 관계적 규범에 대한 고려가 요구됨을 의미한다. This study investigate whether relational norms significantly influence the relationships of power and conflict. The data used for empirical test were collected from survey questionnaires of franchisees in the electronic appliances industry. The analysis was conducted with the multiple regression method. The results of the analysis support that the relational norms mediate the relationships among power sources, perceived power, and conflict.