신경숙의 ≪엄마를 부탁해≫ 프랑스어 번역본에 관한 고찰

김경희 ( Kyung Hee Kim ) 한국언어문화학회 2015 한국언어문화 Vol.0 No.57

Please Look After Mom, is composed of four chapters and epilogue. The author sets the eldest daughter, eldest son, and husband as the main character of the first three chapters each, who confess their feelings of guilt about disappearance of their mother and wife. Uniquely, the story is developed from the Mom’s perspective throughout the novel, with the first and third chapters written in the first person point-of-view, while the second chapter written in the third person point-of-view. Please Look After Mom was translated into both English and French. While the English version is generally considered to succeed in a faithful translation of the original, though criticized for incomplete transmission of the meanings of the source text due to a domesticating translation, the French version, Prends soin de maman, has more serious problems. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the problems of the French version by comparing it with the English version. First, the French version has lots of inaccurate translation that may result from a lack of understanding of the original. Such inaccuracies frequently failed to highlight the delicate style of writing unique to the author. Second, the English version utilized the soliloquies or thoughts of the characters in a free direct speech in the first person in the same way as the original, and marked them in italics. It would have helped make a clear distinction of this kind of soliloquies from others. In contrast, unlike the original, the soliloquies or thoughts of the characters were translated in a free indirect speech in the French version. It might have caused some confusion about whom these soliloquies belong to. Finally, while the source texts were translated faithfully in the English version, they weren’t in the French version. This translational unfaithfulness in the French version is considered to result from the various causes, including the omission, excessive abridgment, and redundant explanation of the contents of the original as well as the arbitrary insertion of the contents that do not appear in the original. While the literal translation, used in the English version, is thought to have successfully conveyed the contents of the original stories, the excessive liberal translation, used in the French version, seems to have failed to get an achievement as good as in the original. We have a prejudice that “natural translation” should be done with a liberal translation, not with a literal translation. Although the English version of Shin Kyung-Sook’s novel, Please Look After Mom, also contains faults which are mostly related to a domesticating translation, its success in gaining public favor by the faithful translation using a literal translation suggests that the literary translators keep this in mind to improve the quality of their translation.Kim, Kyunghee. 2015. A study on Prends soin de maman. Shin Kyung-Sook’s novel, Please Look After Mom, is composed of four chapters and epilogue. The author sets the eldest daughter, eldest son, and husband as the main character of the first three chapters each, who confess their feelings of guilt about disappearance of their mother and wife. Uniquely, the story is developed from the Mom’s perspective throughout the novel, with the first and third chapters written in the first person point-of-view, while the second chapter written in the third person point-of-view. Please Look After Mom was translated into both English and French. While the English version is generally considered to succeed in a faithful translation of the original, though criticized for incomplete transmission of the meanings of the source text due to a domesticating translation, the French version, Prends soin de maman, has more serious problems. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the problems of the French version by comparing it with the English version. First, the French version has lots of inaccurate translation that may result from a lack of understanding of the original. Such inaccuracies frequently failed to highlight the delicate style of writing unique to the author. Second, the English version utilized the soliloquies or thoughts of the characters in a free direct speech in the first person in the same way as the original, and marked them in italics. It would have helped make a clear distinction of this kind of soliloquies from others. In contrast, unlike the original, the soliloquies or thoughts of the characters were translated in a free indirect speech in the French version. It might have caused some confusion about whom these soliloquies belong to. Finally, while the source texts were translated faithfully in the English version, they weren’t in the French version. This translational unfaithfulness in the French version is considered to result from the various causes, including the omission, excessive abridgment, and redundant explanation of the contents of the original as well as the arbitrary insertion of the contents that do not appear in the original. While the literal translation, used in the English version, is thought to have successfully conveyed the contents of the original stories, the excessive liberal translation, used in the French version, seems to have failed to get an achievement as good as in the original. We have a prejudice that “natural translation” should be done with a liberal translation, not with a literal translation. Although the English version of Shin Kyung-Sook’s novel, Please Look After Mom, also contains faults which are mostly related to a domesticating translation, its success in gaining public favor by the faithful translation using a literal translation suggests that the literary translators keep this in mind to improve the quality of their translation.

An Improved Speech Processing Strategy for Cochlear Implants Based on an Active Nonlinear Filterbank Model of the Biological Cochlea

Kim $^$, Kyung Hwan,Choi, Sung Jin,Kim, Jin Ho,Kim, Doo Hee IEEE 2009 IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering Vol.56 No.3

<P>The purpose of this study was to improve the speech processing strategy for cochlear implants (CIs) based on a nonlinear time-varying filter model of a biological cochlea. The level-dependent frequency response characteristic of the basilar membrane is known to produce robust formant representation and speech perception in noise. A dual resonance nonlinear (DRNL) model was adopted because it is simpler than other adaptive nonlinear models of the basilar membrane and can be readily incorporated into the CI speech processor. Spectral analysis showed that formant information is more saliently represented at the output of the proposed CI speech processor compared to the conventional strategy in noisy conditions. Acoustic simulation and hearing experiments showed that the DRNL-based nonlinear strategy improves speech performance in a speech-spectrum-shaped noise.</P>

중환자실 전문간호사의 전문간호행위 분류와 수행분석

김진현,김명애,김미원,김경숙,유정숙,이은희 대한간호학회 간호행정학회 2009 간호행정학회지 Vol.15 No.4

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to reclassify the advanced nursing practices of critical care nurse practitioners(CCNPs) in intensive care unit and measure the time and frequency of CCNP's activities. Method: Practices of ICU nurses are divided into RN's and CCNP's practices by a panel of ICU nursing experts. Each practice of CCNP is defined and CCNP's working time and service frequencies are monitored in general hospitals. Result: Practices of CCNP were classified into 4 domains and 32 practices. Fourteen practices by CCNPs were completed in 10 minutes and the other 12 practices consumed 10-30 minutes. A priority of practice in respiratory therapy was given to artificial airway management, management of tracheostomy patient, lower respiratory care, and the priority of CRRT was management of anticoagulation. Conclusions: Advanced nursing practices of CCNPs were recognized from those of RNs. A further research of CCNPs practices should be extended to other advanced practices and it is required to evaluate economic value of advanced nursing practice in the national health insurance system.

Analysis of KAP1 expression patterns and human endogenous retrovirus Env proteins in ovarian cancer

Kyung‑Yoon Jeon,Eun‑Ji Ko,Young Lim Oh,Hongbae Kim,Wan Kyu Eo,김아리,Han Gyu Sun,Meesun Ock,Ki Hyung Kim,Hee‑Jae Cha 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.10

Background Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) constitute around 8% of the human genome and have important roles in human health and disease, including cancers. Previous studies showed that HERV envelope (Env) proteins are highly expressed in cancer tissues and co-related with cancer progression. KAP1 has been reported to play a key role in regulating retrotransposons, including HERV-K, through epigenetic silencing. Objective The relationship between KAP-1 and HERV Envs expressions was analyzed only in tumor cell lines and has not yet been studied in cancer tissues. In this study, we analyzed the expression patterns and relationship between KAP1 and HERV Env proteins in ovarian cancer tissues. Method The expression patterns of KAP-1 and HERV Env proteins, including HERV-K and HERV-R, were analyzed in ovarian cancer tissue microarrays that contained 80 surgical specimens, including normal ovary and malignant ovarian cancers. Results The expression of HERV-R Env and KAP1 proteins is signifcantly higher in ovarian cancer compared with normal ovary tissues. However, the expression of HERV-K Env did not change signifcantly in cancer tissues. The expression patterns of HERV-K Env and HERV-R Env signifcantly increased in early stages of cancer and KAP1 expression was higher in certain stage and types of cancers. However, the expression of HERV-K Env, HERV-R Env, and KAP1 did not change in diferent age groups. The correlation between the expression of KAP1 and HERV-Env, including HERV-K and HERV-R, was not signifcantly correlated. Conclusions The results of this study showed that there was no signifcant correlation between the expression of KAP1 and HERV Env proteins in ovarian cancer tissues, unlike studies with cell lines in vitro. These results suggest that the actual expression of HERV Env proteins in ovarian cancer tissues may be regulated through various complex factors as well as KAP1.

Formulation Sequence in Korean TV Talk Shows : Pre-Sequence as Consensual Grounds for Managing Category Work

김규현(Kyu-hyun Kim),서경희(Kyung-Hee Suh) 한국사회언어학회 2018 사회언어학 Vol.26 No.2

Kim, Kyu-hyun & Suh, Kyung-Hee. 2018. “Formulation Sequence in Korean TV Talk Shows: Pre-Sequence as Consensual Grounds for Managing Category Work”. The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 26(2). 85~117. From the perspectives of conversation analysis (CA) and membership categorization analysis (MCA), this paper analyzes the formulation sequence in Korean television news interviews and celebrity talk-shows. The analysis shows that the host s formulation is normatively oriented to by the guest as a preliminary action, which projects a range of face-impinging actions, such as challenge, assessment, request, etc. The formulation-confirmation sequence furnishes the host with consensual grounds for embarking on affectively-loaded assessment activities vis-à-vis the guest in his/her own terms. The guest, as the formulation-recipient, may block the host s projected action by using disconfirmation, which points to the contingent nature of the power that the host exercises as the agent of morality. The analysis of the formulation sequence is brought to bear upon the examination of the compositional features of the formulation turn (e.g., sentence-ending suffixes, discourse particle, etc.) and their interactional imports.

페놀분해 효모 Candida tropicalis PW-51의 분리 및 분해특성

김성빈,김치경,김희식,이창호,신기선,권시석,윤병대,오희목 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.6

본 연구는 페놀과 포름알데히드를 포함하는 페놀계수지 산업폐수의 생물학적 처리에 이용할 목적으로 포름알데히드의 존재하에서 페놀분해능이 우수한 효모를 sludge로부터 분리하여, 형태적 및 생리 생화학적 특징을 조사하여 Candida tropicalis PW-51로 동정하였다. 회분식 배양에서 C. tropicalis PW-51의 페놀 분해한계는 2,000 mg/ℓ이며, 58시간내에 완전히 분해하였다. C. tropicalis PW-51은 초기접종량이 9×10 exp (6) cells/㎖, 배양온도는 30℃, pH는 7.0에서 페놀 분해효율이 높았으며, 500~2,000 mg/ℓ의 페놀농도에서 조사된 페놀에 대한 평균 분해율은 페놀 1,000 mg/ℓ에서 45.5 mg/ℓ/h 가장 높았다. C. tropicalis PW-51의 페놀분해시 catechol 1,2-dioxygenase의 활성이 크게증가하므로 ortho-path-way에 의해 페놀을 분해하는 것으로 판단되었다. 따라서, C. tropicalis PW-51는 페놀계 수지 산업폐수의 생물학적 처리에 효과적으로 이용될 수 있는 균주로 사료된다. For the biological treatment of phenolic resin wastewater containing phenol and formaldehyde, a phenol-degrading yeast was isolated from the papermill sludge, and then identified as Candida tropicalis PW-51 according to morphological, physiological and biochemical properties. The strain was able to degrade high phenol concentrations up to 2,000 mg/ℓ within 58 hours in batch cultures. Phenol-degrading efficiency by the strain was maximum at the culture conditions of a final concentration of 9×10 exp (6) cells/㎖ 30℃ and pH 7.0. The mean degradation rate of phenol was highest at 45.5 mg/ℓ/h in 1,000 mg/ℓ phenol from 500 mg/ℓ to 2,000 mg/ℓ phenol. Because the enzyme activity of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase increased in the course of degradation of phenol, it seems that this strain degrades phenol via the ortho-cleavage of benzene ring. The isolate C. tropicalis PW-51 could be effectively used for the biological treatment of phenolic resin wastewater.

제한된 적응증의 대퇴골 간부 골절에 사용된 역행적 골수정 삽입술

김성중,오창욱,인주철,김희수,전인호,경희수,박일형,김경훈 대한골절학회 2003 대한골절학회지 Vol.16 No.1

목 적 : 전향적 골수강내 고정술로는 치료가 힘들었던 대퇴골 간부 골절에 대해 역행적 골수강내 고정술을 시행한 후 그 결과를 분석하였다. 연구 대상 및 방법 : 대퇴골 간부 골절로 진단 후 슬관절에서 역행적으로 비확공성 골수강내 금속정(Unreamed femoral nail, Synthes R)으로 치료한 환자 중 최소 1년 이상 추시(평균; 21개월, 범위; 13개월-28개월)가 가능하였던 21명 24례의 환자를 대상으로 임상적, 방사선학적 평가를 시행하였다. 남자가 16명, 여자가 5명이었으며, 수술시 평균 연령은 41세(18-76세)이었다. Winquist-Hansen의 분류상 제1형이 10례, 제2형이 5례, 제3형이 3례, 제4행이 6례 이었으며, 전 례에서 동반된 골절 손상이 있었으며, 적용된 적응층에 따르면 동측 경골 골절이 8명, 동측 근위 대퇴골 골절)경부 및 전자부 골절) 5명, 동측 골반부 및 비구 골절 4명, 양측 대퇴골 골절 3명, 동측 슬관절 손상이 1명이었다. 방사선 소견상 골유합 시기 및 불유합, 부정유합 등을 평가하였고, 임상적 평가는 슬관절의 동통을 포함한 Neer 등에 의한 방법을 이용하였다. 결 과 : 대부분(87.5%)에서 일차적인 골유합을 얻을 수 있었으며, 평균 골유합 기간은 15.8주(범위; 12-20주)이었다. 추가적인 술식이 요구된 지연유합 또는 불유합은 3례가 있었으며, 그 외 ㎝ 이상의 단축이나 10도 이상의 부정유합 술 후 슬관절 감염 또는 불안정성이 발생한 경우는 없었다. 슬관절의 운동 평가에서 Neer score는 평균 86.9점으로, 모든 례에서 양호한 결과를 나타내었다. 평균 슬관절 운동영역은 120.2도 이었고, 3례에서 경미한 슬관절 동통을 나타냈다. 결 론 : 역행성 골수정은 동측 하지의 동반된 골절이나 다발성 골절이 있는 환자에서 대퇴골 간부 골절에 대하여 제한적으로 이용될 수 있는 유용한 방법으로 사료된다. Purpose : This is a retrospective study to analyze the results after retrograde intramedullary(IM) nailing in femoral shaft fractures with limited indications. Materials and Methods : Twenty-four femoral shaft fractures(21 patients) were operated with unreamed IM nail(Unreamed femoral nail, SynthesR) in a retrograde method and were followed for more than 1 years. There were 16 men and 5 women, and the mean age at index operation was 41 years (range 18-76 years). In Winquist-Hansen classifications, there were 10 of type Ⅰ, five of type Ⅱ, three of type Ⅲ, and ix of type Ⅳ. All the patients had associated fractures or injuries, and there were eight ipsilateral tibia fractures, five ipsilateral proximal femoral fractures(including neck and trochanter), four ipsilateral pelvic or acetabular fracture, three bilateral femoral fractures, and one ipsilateral knee injury according to the used indication, and clinical evaluation with Neer's criteria was done. Results : Most fracture(87.5%) were primarily united cases, and the mean time for union was 15.8% weeks(range 12-20 weeks). Three cases of delayed union or nonunion were developed, but a shortening over 1㎝ or malunion over 10 degrees angular deformity were not found. Evaluating the knee functions, the Neer score wes 86.9 in average and all the cases were above satisfactory grade. The average range of knee motion was 120.2 degrees, and the mild knee pain was developed in three cases. Conclusion : The retrograde IM nailing can be a useful option for femoral shaft fracture with limited indications, including ipsilateral fractures of other areas or multiple fractures.

단일 기관에서 경험한 소아청소년기 Kikuchi-Fujimoto병의 임상적 고찰

강희원,김한울,이소영,유경하,김혜순,유은선,최희정,김경효 이화여자대학교 의과학연구소 2018 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.41 No.4

Objectives: Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) is characterized by lymphadenopathy and fever, and is usually self-limited. This study analyzed the clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with KFD. Methods: This retrospective, observational, single-center study was conducted in South Korea from March 2008 to October 2015. KFD was diagnosed based on clinical, radiological or histological findings and excluded when there were any other causes of lymphadenopathy. Medical records were reviewed for clinical and laboratory manifestations. Results: A total of 35 cases were included. The mean patient age was 12.1±2.9 years (range, 5 to 17 years); the male-to-female ratio was 1:0.8. The main clinical manifestations were cervical lymphadenopathy and fever in 34 cases (97%). The mean duration of fever was 12.2±8.3 days (range, 2 to 37 days). We noted enlargement of lymph nodes in the cervical, mesenteric (n=5, 14%), axillary (n=2, 6%), and inguinal (n=1, 3%) regions. Hepatosplenomegaly, loss of appetite, and rash were observed. On laboratory examinations, elevation of ferritin, leukopenia, and positivity for anti-nuclear antibodies were frequently observed. Twelve patients underwent biopsy and 23 cases were diagnosed by radiological findings. The mean duration of hospitalization for all cases was 7.9±2.9 days (range, 3 to 13 days) and steroids were administered in 10 cases. KFD recurrence was observed in 2 cases (5.7%) with the time to relapse of 7 months and 4 years. There were no cases with systemic lupus erythematous or other autoimmune disease. Conclusion: KFD should be considered in pediatric patients with lymphadenopathy and prolonged fever. Patients with KFD should be monitored for recurrence and the development of autoimmune disease.

뇌실외 배액술 관리에 대한 이해 및 업무수행 실태

김정숙,윤미선,송소이,이지은,문경선,고지운,임분남,김경희,박경숙 중앙대학교 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.2

The objective of this study was to investigate the managing realities of EVD and provide a descriptive survey with the attempt to obtain basic data needed for the standardization of EVD management. For that purpose, 220 questionnaire copies were distributed to those nurses who were working with intensive care units at university hospitals, general hospitals, semi-general hospitals in Seoul, Kyongki-de and local areas. Of 158 returned questionnaire copies, 139 were used for analysis. Data were collected during the term of academic seminars of Neurosurgery Nursing Committee and KICA (Korea Intensive Care Association), ranging from Oct. 26 through 27. 2000. The tools utilized a structured questionnaire form consisting of 21 questions on general characteristics, the level of understanding, the level of work performance, standard management guidelines, etc. The data collected were analysed with frequency, percentage, mean vague, chi -square test using the SPSS 10.0 program Findings were revealed, as follows: For managing the prevention of EVD infection, aseptic technique was found to be of the most importance (48.9%),'the technique should be carried out at an operation room'(92.8%), but it was actually performed at intensive care units (over 51.5%). 'The term of antibiotics use should be less than 7 days' (81.8%), while it was actually executed for less than 7 days (49.5%). 'The proper time of quittance from it should be within less than 7 days'(74.1%) but actual quittance was executed only by 51.1%. 'Set exchange is needed' by 54.0% but actual exchange was implemented merely by 28.1%. 'The subject of management should be nurses' was reflected by 40% but actually 52.0% were carried out. As a result of hating analysed the understanding of the management of EVD by general characteristics, a significant difference was found in the necessity for set exchange by hospitals, in the time of quittance of a catheter, and in ablution items by work experience. The result of hating analysed the work performance levels of EVD management by general characteristics revealed that a significant difference in administration facilities of medicine by the classification of hospitals, especially the use of antibiotics and the quitting time of a catheter by the classification of intensive care units, and in the use of antibiotics and ablution items by the standard management guidelines.

우리나라 논 관개용 지하수 수질 특성

김진호,조광래,임수정,이경자,경기천,엄미정,김희권,김찬용,이영한,이신찬,윤순강 한국환경농학회 2003 한국환경농학회지 Vol.22 No.4

This study was carried out to evaluate the status of the groundwater quality for paddy fields irrigation in Korea. Water samples were collected at 130 sites throughout the country. Samples were collected at three seasons-April, July and October-in 2000. According to our survey, the groundwater was found to be suitable for irrigation purpose. Average EC was shown 0.286 dS/m. Nitrate-nitrogen and Cl^(-) concentration was 5.6 ㎎/L, 32.95 ㎎/L which satisfied the Korean Standards for Irrigation Water. Nitrate-nitrogen concentration in each province was shown as following orders: Jeju (11.17 ㎎/L) > Chungnam (8.16 ㎎/L) > Gyeongbuk (6.64 ㎎/L) > Gyounggi (5.91 ㎎/L) > Chungnam (4.95 ㎎/L) > Gyeongnam (3.91 mgk) > Jeonbuk (3.50 ㎎/L) > Jeonnam (3.27 ㎎/L) > Gangwon (2.91 ㎎/L). The concentration by sampling seasons were October (6.62 ㎎/L) > July (5.88 mg&) > April (4.78㎎/L). As the soil of Jeju Province is usually derived from volcanic ash soils mainly used for upland drops, it may influence the nitrate-nitrogen concentration of groundwater. The amount of rainfall also influence the water quality. But the COD_(Cr), were shown April (3.17㎎/L) > July (2.91 ㎎/L) > October (2.40 ㎎/L), it is highly related in the basal dose of organic matter fertilizers. This study demonstrated that groundwater quality was suitable for irrigation, but continuous monitoring is recommended for agricultural policy and developing OECD agricultural environment indicators.