서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1996)

김재홍,황동규,전재홍,김윤석,김중환,김용준,이창균,임동진,김현수,조창근,김경문,박상훈,전우형,김희성,이호정,차명수,김갑형,김형석,김석우,황지환,박병순,권오상,이민수,송기훈,성소영,이인섭,부태성 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been panedemic and remains one of the most commom STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods: For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results: In 1996, 139 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 53(39.0%) were PPNG. Conclusion: Our results suggests that after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is gradually declining.

흰쥐 해마박편에서 veratrine과 고농도 포타슘자극시 칼슘이온이 gamma-aminobutyric acid 유리에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : A role of calcium

강수만,김형룡,김관식,정동균 대한구강생물학회 1991 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.15 No.2

Present study was performed to clarify the effect of calcium on the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) employing hippocampal slices. Hippocampal slices(300-400㎛ thick) were prepared by the method of Kim et al(1988) and pre-equilibrated in Krebs-bicarbonate medium(KBM, pH 7.4) for 1hr at 37℃. In case of veratrine-induced GABA release, pre-equilibrated slices were incubated in fresh KBM and then veratrine (25μM)-containing KBM for 10min period in the presence or absence of 2.5mM Ca^2+. In case of potassium-induced GABA relaese, pre-equilibrated slices were incubated in fresh KBM and then potassium(50mM)-containing KBM for 5min period in the presence or absence of 2.5mM Ca^2+. Basal and veratrine and potassium-induced release of GABA was determined from recovered medium by HPLC. The observed results were as follows: 1. The release of GABA induced by the 10min-exposure of 25μM veratrine and 5min-exposure of 50mM potassium in the presence of 2.5mM Ca^2+ was 228.9±11.2 nmol and 100.1±8.9nmol, respectively. When compared with released amounts of GABA during the corresponding spontaneous periods, these were 6.8 and 4.6-fold increase respectively. 2. The release of GABA induced by the 10min-exposure of 25μM veratrine and 5min-exposure of 50mM potassium in the absence of Ca^2+ was 381.4±30.2 nmol and 55.1±4.1 nmol, respectively. When compared with released amounts of GABA during the corresponding spontaneous periods, these were 11.3 and 2.4-fold increase respectively.

흰쥐 해마박편에서 acetylcholine이 gamma-aminobutyric acid 유리에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

김익현,김형룡,김관식,정동균 대한구강생물학회 1991 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.15 No.2

Present study was performed to clarify the effect of acetylcholine on the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA) employing hippocampal slices. Hippocampal slices (300∼400㎛ thick) were prepared by the method of Kim et al(1988) and pre-equilibrated in Krebs-bicarbonate medium(KBM, pH 7.4) for 1hr at 37℃. Pre-equilibrated slices were incubated in fresh KBM and then potassium(50mM)-containing KBM for 5 min period. Basal and potassium-induced release of GABA were determined from recovered medium by HPLC. After 30min resting period, in the presence of physostigmine(20μM) slices were reincubated in acetylcholine-containing KBM and acetylcholine plus potassium-containing medium consecutively for 5min period each to investigate the effect of acetylcholine on basal or potassium-induced GABA release from hippocampal slices. The observed results were as follows: 1. The release of GABA induced by the first and second 5 min-exposure of 50mM potassium was 107.3±8.2 nmol and 90.6±3.2nmol, respectively. When compared with released amounts of GABA during the corresponding spontaneous periods, these were 4.6 and 4.6-fold increase respectively. 2. Physostigmine(20μM) had no significant effect on the spontaneous release of GABA. 3. Acetylcholine(10-1000μM) increased spontaneous and potassium-induced GABA release in a dose-dependent manner.

골흡수 기전에 관한 연구 : 파골세포의 활성화 기전 MECHANISM OF OSTEOCLAST ACTIVATION

정동균,고재승,김관식,김각균,민병무,김세원 대한구강생물학회 1989 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.13 No.1

Although the osteoclast has long been recognized to be the cell responsible for bone resorption, little is known of the mechanisms by which its activity is controlled. Recently, it has been suggested that osteoblasts ─ the bone-forming cells ─ seem to be the target cells of PTH, the bone-resorbing hormone, and mediate osteoclastic bone resorption by producing the coupling factor(s). Because bone tissue consists of several types of cells, isolation of distinct bone cell populations is prerequisite for studying the mechanism of bone resorption in cellular level. This experiment was performed ⅰ) to isolate the metabolically distinct bone cell populations from fetal rat calvaria by sequential enzyme digestion and biochemical characterization and ⅱ) to identify the factor(s) produced by osteoblast that stimulate resorption employing organ culture of bone. Calvaria from rat fetus at 19 day of gestation, were sequentially digested by enzyme solution consisted of collagenase, trypsin and EDTA for 10 (population I), 10(II), 10(III), 20(IV) and 20 minutes (V). Each bone cell population was primarily cultured for 6-7 days and effects of PTH, calcitonin and PGE_2 on acid and alkaline phosphatase activity and cAMP level were determined. Basal level of acid phosphatase in populations released early were higher than late population. In contrast, basal level of alkaline phosphatase was reversed. PTH(0.4 unit/ml) increased the acid phosphatase activity only in population I with no effect on alkaline phosphatase. Calcitonin(150ng/ml) had no effect on acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in all bone cell populations. cAMP level of population IV and V were increased by PTH significantly while CT had no effect in all bone cell populations at all. PGE_2 increased cAMP in all populations, the acid phosphatase activity in population I and alkaline phosphatase activity in population IV and V. Taken together, these results indicate that population IV and V express typical osteoblastic phenotype while population I revealed some characteristics of osteoclast. Bone cell population IV and V were incubated with fresh MEM or MEM containing 0.4U/ml PTH for 2 hours. After 2 hour-incubation, both the control-conditioned media(control-CM) or PTH-conditioned media(PTH-CM) were collected. Both conditioned media were lyophyllized and redissolved as 2 fold concentrate. Ulnae and radii were removed from 19-day old fetal rats, prelabelled by subcutaneous injection of 200μCi ^45CaCl_2 into their mothers on the 17th day of gestation. After 24 hours, media was changed with fresh BGJb media or BGJb media containing 300μl of control-CM or PTH-CM and cultured for 5 days. Effects of control-CM or PTH-CM were observed by the ratios of %-release of ^45Ca between paired control and experimental group. Control-CM obtained from population IV and V had no or very little effect on bone resorption but PTH-CM obtained from population IV and V increased the ^45Ca release significantly after 3 and 5 days of culture. This result provides the evidence indicating that osteoblastic cells mediate osteoclastic bone resorption stimulated by PTH.

흰쥐 해마박편에서 콜린성 수용체와 glutamate 유리와의 상호관계에 관한 연구

신동인,김형룡,고성희,김관식,정동균 대한구강생물학회 1990 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.14 No.2

Present study was performed to clarify the effect of cholinergic agents on the release of glutamic acid employing hippocampal slices. Hippocampal slices(300∼400㎛ thick) were prepared by the method of Kim et al.(1988) and pre-equilibrated in Krebs-bicarbonate medium(KBM, pH 7.4) for 1hr at 37℃. Pre-equilibrated slices were incubated in fresh KBM and then potssium(50mM)-containing KBM for 5 min period. Basal and potassium-induced release of GABA and glutamic acid were determined from recovered medium by HPLC. After 30 min resting period, slices were reincubated in cholinergic agents-containing KBM and cholinergic agent plus potassium-containing medium consecutively for 5 min period each to investigate the effect of cholinergic agent on basal or potassium-induced glutamic acid release from hippocampal slices. The observed results were as follows: 1. The release of glutamic acid induced by the first and second 5 min-exposure of 50mM potassium was 139.7±14.05 nmol and 114.5±10.01 nmol, respectively. When compared with released amounts of glutamic acid during the corresponding spontaneous periods, these were 5.3 and 5.6-fold increase respectively. 2. Acetylcholine(10-1000μM) inhibited potassium-induced glutamic acid release in dose-dependent manner. 3. The inhibition of glutamic acid release caused by acetylcholine(1mM) was antagonized by atropine(50μM) but not by mecamylamine(50μM).

Staphylococcus aureus와 Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus Species에 대한 Arbekacin의 시험관내 항균력

위성헌,강진한,허동호,이동건,김상일,김양리,최정현,김종현,유진흥,허재균,신완식,강문원 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.4

Background : Most strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) now exhibit high-level resistance to various antibiotics, such as β -lactam antibiotics, aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines and quinolones. Recent reports describing the therapeutic failure of vancomycin for MRSA infections have arisen considerable concerns regarding the emergence of MRSA strains, which will require new therapeutic agents. Arbekacin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, has antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and is stable in the presence of aminoglycoside inactivating enzymes produced by S. aureus. In this study, we compared the antibacterial activity of arbekacin with those of vancomycin, gentamicin, and amikacin against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). Methods : For a collection of 549 S. aureus and 251 CNS isolates from three Catholic University Hospitals in Korea, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of arbekacin, vancomycin, amikacin and gentamicin were determined by agar dilution method using Mueller-Hinton agar according to NCCLS (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, USA)criteria. Results : Among 549 S. aureus isolates, 278 isolates were MRSA and 271 isolates were methicil sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). MIC50 & MIC90 of arbekacin against 549 S. aureus were 0.5 & 1 ㎍/mL, and MIC50 & MIC90 of vancomycin were 1 & 1 ㎍/mL. MIC of arbekacin against 549 S. aureus isolates ranges from 0.03 to 4 ㎍/mL, and MIC of vancomycin against 549 S. aureus ranges from 0.25 to 2 ㎍/mL. MIC90 of amikacin against 549 S. aureus was 32㎍/mL, and that of gentamicin was 128 ㎍/mL. MICs of amikacin and gentamicin were variable, ranging from 0.125 to 256, and otherwise arbekacin and vancomycin revealed relatively narrow range of MICs. MIC90 of arbekacin against 278 MRSA isolates & 271 MSSA were 1 & 0.5 ㎍/mL, and those of vancomycin against MRSA & MSSA were 1 & 1 ㎍/mL. MIC90 of amikacin against 278 MRSA & 271 MSSA isolates were 32 & 4 ㎍/mL, and that of gentamicin against MRSA & MSSA isolates were 128 & 32 ㎍/mL respectively. Among 251 CNS isolates, 122 isolates were MRCNS and 129 were MSCNS. MICSO & MIC90 of arbekacin against 251 CNS isolates were 0.25 & 2 ㎍/mL, and those of vancomycin were 1 & 2 ㎍/mL. MIC of arbekacin against 251 CNS isolates ranges from 0.015 to 32 ㎍/mL, and that of vancomycin isolates ranges from 0.25 to 2 ㎍/mL, MIC90 of arbekacin against 122 MRCNS & 129 MSCNS isolates were 2&0.3 ㎍/ML, and those of vancomycin were 2&s ㎍/ML. MIC90 of amikacin against 251 CNS isolates was 32 ㎍/ML, and that of gentamicin was 128 ㎍/ML for CNS. MIC90 of amikacin against 122 MRCNS & 129 MSCNS isolates were 128 & 8㎍/mL, and those of gentamicin ere 256 & 32 ㎍/mL. Conclusion : Considering above results, arbekacin can be useful agent against most strains of MRSA and MRCMS, which exhibit high-level resistance to amikacin and gentamicin. (Korea J Infect Dis 33:254~260, 2001)

장애,비장애인 휠체어 농구선수의 유산소 능력

김성수,이동희,황부근,신말순,배종진,윤진환,지용석,안희구 한국특수체육학회 2002 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.10 No.2

The purpose of this study was to analyzed the aerobic capacity of disability· able-bodied wheelchair basketball players. Cardiorespiratory parameters were measured during graded maximal exercise test. Exercise time, HRpeak, oxygen uptake(VO_2, L·min^-1, ml·min^-1·kg^-1), carbon dioxide production(VCO_2, L·min^-1), ventilation(L·min^-1) were examined in disability national elite male wheelchair basketball at letes(DA, N = 10), able-bodied wheelchair basketball athletes(AA, N = 10). All data were expressed in means and standard deviation. Exercise time, HRpeak, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, ventilation were not different between groups. In conclusion, aerobic capacity of disability national elite male wheelchair basketball athletes is the same able-bodied wheelchair basketball athletes. These finding suggest that chronic wheelchair basketball training produce local adaptations in the functional upper body musculature.

Dibutyryl cAMP 와 theophylline이 조골세포군의 alkaline phosphatase에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

김세원,김관식,정동균 대한구강생물학회 1987 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.11 No.2

Effects of PGE_2, dibutyryl cAMP (DBcAMP) and theophylline on the acid and alkaline phosphatase of bone cell populations isolated from fetal rat calvaria were studied. Ten fetal rat calvaria of 19th day of gestation were sequentially digested with enzyme solution consisted of 0.1% collagenase, 0.05% trypsin and 0.5mM EDTA for 10, 10, 10, 20 and 20 minutes, and each bone cell population was primarily cultured for 6-7 days. After primary culture, the effects of PGE_2, DBcAMP and theophylline on acid and alkaline phosphatase were studied. The observed results were as follows. 1. Population IV and V of 5 bone cell populations isolated by sequential enzyme digestion were considered to be osteoblast-like cell population. 2. PGE_2 (500ng/ml) increased acid phosphatase in population I and increased alkaline phosphatase in population III, IV and V after 48 hours of culture. 3. DBcAMP (0.5mM) increased alkaline phosphatase in population II, III and V and DBcAMP (0.5mM) plus PGE_2 (500ng/ml) increased alkaline phosphatase in population II, III, IV and V after 24 hours of culture. 4. Theophylline (1mM) increased alkaline phosphatase in population IV and V, and theophylline (1mM) plus PGE_2 (500ng/ml) increased alkaline phosphatase in population III, IV and V after 24 hours of culture.

초대형 교회의 건축계획적 특성에 관한 연구

金東明,洪榮均 홍익대학교환경개발연구원 1997 환경개발연구논문집 Vol.2 No.-

Since Cristianity has been introduced in Korea, the korean churches has grown up again and again. Especially since 1970s, several churches have shown their rapid growth in number of believer, they have become so called 'Super-Ultra Churches'. The main reasons of this rapid growth in such churches could be analysed into sociological, political and religious factors. All of these are closely related to the acute economic growth between 1960s and 1970s in Korea. Until mid 1980s, Most of these Super-Ultra Churches was very humble in the aspect of architectural values because they could not overcome coarse Gothic style prevalent in Korea churches and the functions was too simple to embrace social and cultural activities. But in these days, with the changing recognition of church's role in society and church itself, new and diverse methods of designing church are adapting. These new trend analysed into four factors, which are structural, functional, spacial and figurative ones. Firstly, in the structural factor, many Super-Ultra churches uses iron frame truss to support long spaned structure. Some of them introduced high technical method such as suspension structure or precast beams. Secondly, in the functional factors, they are more and more considering the flexibility of their internal space and openness of their outer space. In doing so they become more familiar to their neighborhood. Thirdly, in the spacial factors, they adapt diverse plan types such as rhombous, circular, or fan shaped types. In doing so they can get shorter distance from altar and the convergent effects are more strengthened. Fourthly, in the figurative factors, they are overcoming old Gothic style gradually and now adopting diverse vocabularies of modern architecture, they also considering the harmony between traditional style and new methods.

Lidocaine이 흰쥐 해마박편에서 Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid 유리에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

김형룡,김관식,정동균 대한구강생물학회 1988 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.12 No.2

Present study was conducted to clarify the role of GABA in lidocaine-induced convulsion employing hippocampal slice. Hippocampal slices(300-400㎛) were prepared from hippocampal tissue blocks using a glass guide while the tissue was continuously moistened with oxygenated (95% O_2-5% CO_2) Krebs-bicarbonate media (KB) at 37℃. After preparation, the slices were equilibrated for 1hr before biochemical testing in KB. Individual equilibrated slices were transferred to tissue holder, incubated for 5min in fresh oxygenated KB, and then exposed for 5min to 50mM K^+ KB and transferred again to fresh KB for 30min rest period. Each slice served as its own control by exposing it a second time to 50mM K^+ KB for 5min after the 30min rest and a second 5min incubation in fresh KB. After the 30min rest and a second 5min incubation in fresh KB, slices were transferred again to fresh KB containing 1, 2, 3, or 4mM lidocaine, incubated for 10min and then exposed to 50mM K^+ KB+lidocaine solution for 5min. The results were as follows : 1. The release of GABA induced by the first and second 5min exposure of 50mM K^+ was 95.9±17.28nmol and 80.6±13.04nmol, respectively. When compared with released amounts of GABA during the corresponding spontaneous periods, these were 4.7 and 4.9-fold increase respectively and revealed that consecutive K^+─exposure increased GABA release with similar fashion. 2. The concentration of lidocaine necessary for 50 percent inhibition(IC_50) of potassium─induced release of GABA was 1.82mM.