클럽 샤프트(Club Shaft) 특성에 따른 골프 스윙(Golf Swing)동작 분석

김성일,김기형,김형수,이현섭,김진욱,안찬규,김희진 한국운동역학회 2002 한국운동역학회지 Vol.12 No.2

본 연구는 클럽 샤프트의 대표적인 재질인 그라파이트(graphite)의 유연한(flexible) 클럽 샤프트(club shaft)의 특성에 따라 피험자가 운동학적(kinematics) 요인이 되는 관절의 각변위, 각속도, 각가속도, 클럽헤드의 속도와 가속도와 같은 변인들이 어떻게 적응하는지 비교 분석하여 보다 효율적인 드라이버 선택에 도움을 주며 샤프트 특성에 따른 신체관절의 움직임에 대한 자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 고속 카메라 2대의 속도는 500fps로 하였고 각 regylar,stiff, x-stiff, 자신의 클럽을 포함 각 4개의 클럽을 사용하여 각 클럽당 3번씩 촬영하였으며 목표방향에서 20m이상 벗어나는 경우의 촬영은 다시 촬영하였다. 본 연구에서는 디지타이징(digitizing)을 신체 9개 마커는 강체로 가정된 클럽과 신체분절 모델로 정의하였으며 2 대의 카메라(500fps)로부터 얻은 avi화일을 컴퓨터에 저장하고 자료로부터 Butterworth 6th order recursive digital filter를 사용하여 1차 자료를 smoothing 하고 DLT를 이용하여 3차원 좌표를 구성하도록 한다. 좌표값을 얻기 위하여 kwon3d v3.0을 이용하였다. 본 실험은 피험자 스스로 클럽의 특성에 따라 스윙의 속도를 달리 하기 때문에 스윙의 시간이 달라지며 어느 정도 클럽이 강성에 따라 스윙시간이 빨라지는 결과로 나타났다. 이것은 피험자가 샤프트가 강성(stiffness)에 따라 스윙 속도를 빨리 하게 되는 원인이 되는 것으로 생각된다. 어깨의 각변위는 클럽이 regular의 경우 임팩트에서 각속도를 계속 유지하고 있으며 stiff, x-stiff의 경우에는 어깨의 움직임이 임팩트에서 급격하게 감소되는 것을 알 수 있다. 이것은 팔의 동작과 클럽의 힘을 크게 하기 위한 동작으로 생각된다. 어깨 각속도는 클럽이 stiff할수록 각속도가 큰 감속하는 것으로 나타났다. 손목속도는 regular 클럽의 경우 손목의 감속이 늦게 되고 임팩트에서 손목의 감속이 적게 하는 것으로 나타났으며 stiff와 x-stiff의 클럽에서 임팩트 시에 순간적인 감가속으로 인해 클럽의 속도를 증가시키고 있다. 임팩트 시에 손목의 감가속은 클럽헤드의 임팩트 시 속도를 증가시키는 결과를 보였다. 클럽헤드는 regular 클럽이 임팩트전에는 속도 증가가 커지는 결과와 일치된 결과를 보이고 있다. The purpose of this study was to find the rational method to analyze golf swing with specific property of club shaft. Three subjects were filmed by two high speed digital cameras with 500fps. The phase analyzed was downswing of each subject. The three-dimensional coordinates of the anatomical landmarks were obtained with motion analysis system Kwon3d 3.0 version and smoothed by lowpass digital filter with cutoff frequency 6Hz. From these data, kinematic and kinetic variables were calculated using Matlab(ver 5.0) The variables for this study were angular velocity and accelerations, which were calculated and following conclusions have been made : 1) Golf swing time of stiff club is faster than that of regular club. 2) In shoulder joint motion of swing with the stiff club, x-stiff showed mort rapid negative acceleration than that of regular club. 3) In regular club, the velocity of club head would be more effective velocity, which was increasing, than those of other clubs before impact. 4) In wrist joint motion of swing with stiff club, x-stiff club showed faster than regular club in the downswing and impact more rapid negative acceleration.

국어의 음운변화와 보수성의 문제

김형규 세종대학교 1984 세종대학 논문집 Vol.11 No.-

There is a rule of conservatism in korean sound change. We can find itin the historical change of korean word form (sound change). For example (Ⅰ-1) k∧lg∧ (powder>k∧1-o(zero)>kau,(Ⅱ-1)molgæ(sand)>mol-æ>moræ. These sound changes occur becauses of the rule whereby the /g/ sound is lost between voiced and open sounds in korean as well as in other languages. But the formof k∧1-o(zero) andmol-æ in middle korean is irregular. These words must be k∧r∧ (karu) mnræ as in present-day korean. However, kal-o(zero) and mol-æ were used for several hundred years in middlekorean. The remnant of /g/ has remained in its orignal place and resisted the sound change 1→r. There were some endings in mdidle korean (Ⅱ-3) /-g??nil/:/-??nil/:/-j??nil/, and /-??nil/ changed from /-g??nil/ as a result of the loss of the /g/ sound. However because of the residual /g/ sound there was no gliding, nevertheless /-j??nil/ as the result of gliding changed from /-??nil/. The same explanation applies to (Ⅱ-3) /-g??∫inil/:/-??∫inil/:/-j??∫inil/ etc. The /t,t^h/ sounds change to /+∫, +∫^h/ by palatalizatin when followed by /i,j/. But (Ⅲ-1) '??di' (where), tidida (step on) have no palatalizatin. These words were originally '??dii' and 'didiida' Here ihe residual /i/ sound resists phonological change. The word (Ⅲ-2) muni (pattern) is also same. We can see this phenomenon in the compound word (Ⅳ-1) 'pj??-∫'i' (rice seed)→'pj??p-∫'i'. In this case we must point out the fact that the original word form of '∫'i' (seed) was 'p∫i' and the /p/ initial sound was preserved in this compound word. (Ⅳ-2) su-kæ(male dog)→su-k^hæ', in this change, 'su' (male) was originally 'suh' and the /h/ final sound is preserved in this compound word. Therefore, we can say that there is a phonological rule in korean that the sounds lost in sound change remain in vestigal form and resist subsequent sound changes or reappear in some compound words.

DSM-CC U-U 적합성 시험을 위한 시험열 생성

김영규,전기환,박용,백청호,최형진 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2006 정보통신논문지 Vol.10 No.-

In these days, as rapid growth of multimedia industries and development of techniques, an effort to develop DAVIC(Digital Audio-Visual Council) systems which support multimedia services such as VOD(Video on Demand) and teleshopping is being done. Therefore it will be indispensable to establish a new conformance testing method related DAVIC system with respect to their standard specification. DSM-CC is a core part of DAVIC and adopts DSM-CC U-N for S3 information stream which plays a part in connection establishment and release of session and transmission layer, and DSM-CC U-U for S2 which operates user application of the system. In this paper, we propose a new conformance testing architecture and methodology based on scenario in order to test DSM-CC U-U which doesn't have any message sequences.

특수교육교사 양성대학의 실무중심 교육과정 개선을 위한 재학생 및 현장교사 요구 분석

김형일,김희규,정동훈,채희태 나사렛대학교출판사 2007 지성과 창조 Vol.- No.10

본 연구는 대학의 교육이념과 특성화를 구현하면서 실무능력을 갖춘 특수교육 전문 인력을 배양하기 위하여 현재 특수교육과에 재학 중인 학생들과 현직 교사들을 대상으로 현행 교육과정에 대한 실태와 문제점을 파악하고 개선을 위한 요구를 조사하여 특수교육전공 교육과정을 개선하는데 그 기초적인 자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 개선된 교육과정을 통하여 예비특수교육교사 양성의 질을 높이고 교육과정을 보다 효율적이고 현장실무중심으로 운영할 수 있는 방안을 마련하고자 하였다. The present study surveyed the demands of 120 students of the department of special education and 70 field teachers to order to identify problems in the curriculums of the Department of Special Education and improving the curriculums for educating special teachers based on the opinions of field teachers and students at the Department of Special Education. The improved curriculums are expected to enhance the quality of education for the candidates of special education teachers and to be executed more effciently and practically in the field of education.

표백에 의한 라디에타소나무의 청변 제거

김규혁,김형준,나종범,김재진 한국목재공학회 2003 목재공학 Vol.31 No.1

본 연구는 라디에타소나무 제재목의 균 변색을 제거하기 위한 표백처리의 사용 가능성을 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 염소계 표백제인 아염소산나트륨과 차아염소산나트륨은 표백조건(약제농도, 처리온도, 처리시간)의 조절에 따라 만족할만한 변색제거 효과를 얻을 수 있었다. 비염소계 표백제인 과산화수소는 표백조건의 조절만으로는 변색제거가 불가능하였으나 규산나트륨과 수산화나트륨을 활성제로 첨가하는 경우에는 염소계 표백제보다 탁월한 변색제거 효과를 나타내었다. 그러나 활성제 첨가에 따라 재색의 녹색화 문제가 발생하였는데, 앞으로 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다. 또한, 앞으로 본 연구를 통해 개발된 변색제거방법의 현장 적용을 후속 연구도 필요하다고 본다. The feasibility of using bleaching treatments for removing fungal stain was evaluated on heavily stained raiadta pine sapwood. Sodium chlorite and sodium hypochlorite appeared to destain fungal discoloration by providing proper treatment conditions (chemical concentration, treatment temperature, and treatment time), while hydrogen peroxide did not remove fungal stain under the bleaching regimes evaluated. The addition of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide in the hydrogen peroxide solution as a buffer could remove fungal discoloration completely:; however, the color of wood surface turned faint green after bleaching, thereby reducing the lightness of bleached samples. The results suggest that hydrogen peroxide bleaching could be a feasible method for removing fungal discoloration of stained radiata pine sapwood, although further research is needed to solve the problem of color change after bleaching Also, further tests under field conditions are recommended.

C형 간염의 병리조직학적 고찰

김형준,김재규,김미경,박중원,유병철,박실무 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1997 中央醫大誌 Vol.22 No.2

After the discovery of hepatitis C virus, several reports of histologic charcteristics of hepatitis C have been published. The aim of this study is to evaluate histopathologic features of hepatitis C for diagnostic significance. Needle biopsy specimens obtanied from the liver of 14 patients with hepatitis C were evaluated for the diagnostic significance. All patients had not any evidence of hepatitis B, and autoimmune and alcoholic liver diseases. The specimens were histologically evaluted based on previously reported features of hepatitis C such as bile duct damage, lymphocytes infiltration, steatosis and so on. According to the mode of transmission, sporadic infections were 12 cases, posttransfusion hepatitis and Ⅵ drug abuser was 1 case. The commonst finding was sinusoidal inflammatory cell activation, especially lymphocyte (86%). And lymphoid follicles or lymphocytes aggregates (65%), steatatosis (65%) were found. According to the activity of hepatitis, significant difference of pathologic features could not be proposed, but most histologic features were showned in CAH. In conclusion, all the histologic characteristics of hepatitis C such as sinusoidal cell activation, lymphoid aggregates, steatosis were observed in this study. But the further study of comparative histologic evaluation between hepatitis C and other hepatitis is needed. And also, comparative study with larger subjects for specific histopathologic findings according to the activity of hepatitis and epidemiologic cause in needed.

柔道特技術 形成에 따른 身體重心點 固着化에 關한 硏究

金熒奎 全北大學校附設 스포츠科學硏究所 1985 논문집 Vol.- No.3

In odrer to study the adhering phenomenon of the body's central point in the course of acquiring special skills of Judo, 45 male high shool players were selected and examined, and the followings were concluded. 1. Gravity center of players with special throwing skill is 55.6%, and it is a little less than that of ordinary male students (56.6%). 2. Compared with the gravity center of other skills, waist skill is the highest as 56.65%, hand skill 55.96%, and foot skill 54.23%. 3. According to the verification test of attentive degree, very good attentiveness are appeared among special skills, and the gravity center is shown to have a great influence on each skill. 4. In the variation of the gravity center according to training period, the gravity center of waist skill and hand skill is improved during 4­year training period, while foot skill is gradually weakened during the same period. So it is necessary to develop the similar gravity center's skill in the acquirement of various special skills, and it is also thought that waist skill with the similar gravity center can be easily acquired in the acquirement of skills for beginners. So it is conduded that much more study is needed in the curriculum and teaching­learning process of Judo.

관상동맥 질환에서 SDF-1α의 농도

김보영,박용규,박형서,노상필,정승현,이유선,이정우,이재환,최시완,정진옥,성인환 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.1

Atherosclerosis is now viewed as an inflammatory disease of the vascular system. Expression of several chemokines, including monocyte chemoattractant protein(MCP)-1, MCP-4, RANTES(regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted), and interleukin-8(IL-8) are increased in human atherosclerotic plaques compared with normal vessels. They are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and plaque rupture by activating and directing leukocytes into the atherosclerotic lesions. However, some are involved in homeostatic functions such as normal leukocyte traffic and growth regulation. SDF-la is a multi-functional cytokine that is involved in myelogenesis, hematopoiesis, angiogenesis and injured gastric mucosal regeneration in the gastric ulcer patient. SDF-la is recently shown to be highly expressed in atherosclerotic plaques and a potent platelet agonist. At least in high concentrations, SDF-la may mediate antiinflammatory and matrix stabilizing effects in unstable angina. Many studies are going on to know the function of SDF-la in coronary artery diseases. I investigated the difference of the plasma level of SDF-la between control group and coronary artery disease group. Total 75 subjects were enrolled. The diagnosis of coronary artery disease was confirmed in all patients by coronary angiography. Control subjects in this study were confirmed normal by coronary angiography. Clinical profile and risk factors were also reviewed. Control subjects in this study were 27 (M=10, F=17). Plasma for the study was collected before the angiography and centrifuged. SDF-la analysis was performed by ELISA. Plasma level of SDF-la is significantly increased in patients with stable angina(n=20) and unstable angina group(n=28) compared with healthy control group(n=27). the risk factors do not influence the plasma level of SDF-la in coronary artery diseases. In this study, plasma level of SDF-la is increased in patients with stable angina and unstable angina groups compared with healthy control group(P<0.05). the risk factors do not influence the plasma level of SDF-la in coronary artery diseases.

호흡성 분진중 석영분석시 FTIR-직접필터법의 현장적용 가능성 연구

김형준,피영규,노영만,김현욱 한국산업위생학회 2002 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.12 No.2

To study if the fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry(FTIR)-direct on filter(DOF) can be utilized for estimation quartz content in airborne respirable dusts from various manufacturing industries, analytical results were compared with those of the traditional KBr transfer (NIOSH 7602) methods. Respirable dust samples were collected using the 10mm Dorr-Oliver nylon cyclone equipped with a 25mm cassette. 30 area samples were collected from the stone, foundry, concrete and brickmaking factories. Quartz content was estimated using the intensity of the absorption peak of quartz at 799 cm_-1 by a FTIR. Respirable dust concentrations ranged from 0.25 to 1.25㎎/㎥, and were highest at the stone treating factory. Quartz contents quantified by the transfer method were higher than those of by DOF method for samples from the foundry, brick, and concrete factories. No statistically significant difference of quartz content in samples from the stone factory was found. The results of the study suggest that, although possible to use the FTIR-DOF method as a suitable substitute for analyzing quartz content, it is necessary to correct the influence of the interfering minerals in order to adopt the FTIR-DOF for routine analytical tool.

베이스 구조물 진동을 고려한 스테이지 입력성형기법 적용에 관한 연구

김형기,권오영,배규현,홍성욱 한국공작기계학회 2008 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

A base structure which mounts positioning stages is often subjected to vibration due to the reaction force against the stage motions. This paper deals with an input shaping method for positioning stage in consideration of vibration base structures along with the stage vibration. A dynamic model is established to investigate the vibration of positioning stage and base structure. Two input shapers, a conventional input shaper and a new input shaper, are applied to eliminate both the residual vibrations in base structure as well as positioning stage. Simulations show that the input shaping methods effectively remove the residual vibrations.