대학생 흡연자의 금연경험에 따른 건강신념차이

구정일,김민정,김동희,백정희,안현실,은가희,우혜령,이명희,이수현,김수지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2003 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.37

It has been generally known that smoking is one of the worst factor increasing disease and mortality in human health since in 1950's and nowadays. But regardless of various proofs about social or economical problems due to smoking, current smoking rate has not been decreased in our country. Until now, most of tobacco use and its addiction researches have been focused on the adolescent or adult women smokers not on the university students. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate smoking cessation of university smokers and analyze the health belief-perceived sensitivity, severity, benefits and barriers- difference, then to provide basic data for effective smoking cessation strategy for university smokers. The subjects were comprised of 181 university smokers from 15 universities in Seoul. The data were collected by structured questionaires. The questionaires were designed to measure general characteristics, smoking cessation and health belief, based on Ahn(2003)'s result on the Study of Smoking attitude, Behavior and Smoking Cessation of Adult Male and Lee(1987)'s result on Relationships Between the Health Belief Model and Smoking Habits. The data were collected from May 5 to 16. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS program. The actual number, percentiles, means, standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA were done. The result of this study were as follows; 1. The general characteristics of the subjects of this study The range of age was from 18 to 34 and the averaging age was 23. The subjects of this study were 141 males and 40 females. The religions were Christianity 25.4%(46), Buddhism 12.7%(23), Catholic 23.2%(42), no religion 37.0%(67). The residential forms were living with family 59.1%(107), cooking food for oneself 28.7%(52), dormitory 5.0%(9), boarding house 1.7%(3). Smoking starting age were university 43.1 %(78), high school 29.8%(54), middle school 14.9%(27), in the army 6.1 %(11), elementary school 1.1 %(2). 2. The smoking cessation of the subjects 80% of current smokers showed quitting smoking decision and 20% have not tried. The frequency of quitting smoking decision were from 1 to above 8 and mean was 3.06. As for smoking cessation plan, 54.7%(99) current smokers answered yes, 3.9%(7) said no, 35.4%(64) had no idea and 6.1 %(11) didn't answer. As for the reason of never quitting smoking decision, 71.42%(25 among total 35) have no need to quit smoking and the others said difficulty of smoking cessation. As for the main reason of smoking cessation decision, 54.7%(99) answered for the health, 7.2%(13) family advice, 15.5%(28) girl/boy friend's advice, 1.7%(3) to save money. As for the reason to fail smoking cessation, 56.7%(68) were will-lack, 17.5%(21) stress, 15%(18) smoking mood, 10%(12) withdrawl symptom. As for the smoking cessation method, 85.0%(125) were oneself-will, 2.7%(4) way acquired by mass-media, 2%(3) doctor's prescription, 2%(3) religion's help, 0.7%(1) smoking cessation school. As for the difficulty in smoking cessation, 42.2%(62) were drinking meeting, 23.1 %(34) no alternative of stress release, 12.2%(18) withdrawl symptom, 11.6%(17) having nothing to do, 7.5%(11) friend's encouragement. As for the most difficult cigarette to quit, 67.8%(99) were all-day smoking except the first smoking in the morning, 32.2%(47) the first smoking in the morning. 3. Health belief as for general characteristics Gender - The total point in benefits showed higher in male(28.5177) than female(26.6750). There was significant difference(t=.778, p<.05). The total point in health belief showed higher in male (105.8298) than female(l00.5000). So there was significant difference(t=.345, p<.05). Age - There was significant difference in benefits between age(10's-25.83, 20's-28.39, 30's-32.00)(F=3.73, p<.05). Smoking starting age - There was significant difference in total point of sensitivity and health belief(sensitivity F=4.00, p<.Ol, health belief F=2.843, p<.05). As for sensitivity, subjects who started smoking in the army showed the highest(33.36) and ones in high school showed the lowest(26.96). The total point in health belief showed the highest in elementary school(l19.00) and the lowest in high school(100.98). 4. Health belief as for smoking cessation There was significant difference in health belief as for smoking cessation(t=0.189, p=0.OO2). Sensitivity point showed higher in smoking quitting trial smokers(29.2) than non-trial smoker (26.9). Severity point showed higher in trial smokers (30.7) than non-trial smokers(28.9). Benefit point showed higher in trial smokers(28.6) than non-trial smokers(26.2). There was no significant difference in barriers point.

HMG-CoA 환원효소 억제제에 의한 ICAM-1 유전자의 발현조절

김현진,정효균,홍우정,김군순,조영석,김도희,채수흥,구본정,송민호,노흥규,김영건 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 2001 충남의대잡지 Vol.28 No.1

Background : ICAM-1 act as one of major adhesion molecules in the atherosclerotic lesion. ICAM-1 expression is mainly regulated at the level of transcription and depend on IFN-γ signal transduction pathway in which the STAT1 transcrption factor is a critical intermediate. IFN-γreceptor not only initiates tyrosine 701 phosphorylation of STAT1 by Jak1 and Jak2, but also phosphorylates serine 727 through the activation of Raf-1/MAP kinases. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors have anti-atherosclertic effects, beyond normalization of hypercholesterolemia, by directly acting on endothelial cells, macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors suppress the synthesis of isoprenoid intermediates such as geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate or farnesylpyrophosphate. These effects results inhibitors suppress the synthesis of isoprenoid intermediates such as geranylgeranyl-pyrophosphate or farnesylpyrophosphate. These effects results inhibition posttranslational farnesylation and geranyl-geranylation processing of small GTP-binding preoteins and inhibition of normal signaling activities. Method : We made several 5'-deletion constructs of rat ICAM-1 promoter and analyzed the promoter activities by measuring the luciferase activity after transfection into ECV304 cells and smooth muscle cells. We checked the level of total and phosphorylated STAT1 protein by immunoblot analysis using specific antibodies. Results : Lovastatin inhibits IFN-γ-induced ICAM-1 gene expression in the ECV304cell. The cells pretreated with PD98059, MEKK inhibitor showed significantly low ICAM-1 RNA induction with IFN-γ stimulatio. IFN-γ induced phosphorylation of tyrosine 701 was not significantly changed by the pretreatment of lovastatin. But lovastatin suppresses IFN-γ-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/ERK2 which are responsible for the seine 727 phosphorylation in STAT1. Conclusion : We showed that HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, lovastatin, suppresses IFN-γ mediated ICAM-1 gene expression through the inhibition of transcription. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor suppresses IFN-γ-induced phosphorylation of serine 727 in STAT1 through the modulation of MAP kinases.

골아세포 MC₃T₃-E₁의 증식과 기능에 Insulin Like Growth Factor Ⅰ, Ⅱ 및 부갑상선 호르몬이 미치는 영향

윤현구,정호연,양인명,김성운,김진우,김광원,김영설,최영길,서광식 대한내과학회 1992 대한내과학회지 Vol.42 No.1

MC₃T₃-E₁골아세포군을 이용하여 IGF-Ⅰ과 Ⅱ를 투여하고 DNA합성과 골아세포기능을 측정하기 위해 PTH에 대한 C-AMP반응정도, alkaline phosphatase 활성도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) IGF-Ⅰ과 Ⅱ는 모두 DNA합성이 어느 농도까지는 증식효과를 나타내지만 그 이후에는 억제되는 양상을 보였다. 2) PTH에 대한 골아세포의 C-AMP반응으로 증가되었지만 IGF-Ⅰ과 Ⅱ의 투여시 농도변화에 따른 의미있는 변화는 없었다. 3) 본 실험의 조건에서 alkaline phosphatase 활성도는 증가되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 MC₃T₃-E₁ 골아세포에 IGF-Ⅰ과 Ⅱ는 세포의 증식을 자극하여 PTH는 C-AMP생성을 촉진하는 효과가 있었다. The effect of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) Ⅰ and Ⅱ on cloned MC₃T₃-E₁ cells that had osteoblastic activity was examined by [³H] thymidine incorporation into DNA, cyclic AMP responsiveness to parathyroid hormone (PTH), and alkaline phosphatase activity. IGF Ⅰ and Ⅱ stimulated the growth and proliferation of osteoblastic cells at 20ng/㎖ and 50ng/㎖, respectively. We next examined the effect of IGF-Ⅰ and Ⅱ on the expression of osteoblastic activity. Adenylate cyclase response of PTH to IGF-Ⅰ and Ⅱ-treated cells showed maximal stimulation at 10 and 50㎚PTH, respectively, but IGF Ⅰ and Ⅱ induced limited activity of osteoblastic function. In conclusion, IGF-Ⅰ and Ⅱ were potent stimulators to the growth of osteoblastic cells but did not have an immediate effect on expression of osteoblastic function in this experiment.

RAW 264.7 세포에 대한 중국산 천연 광물성 섬유 TAFMAG의 독성효과

임영,한진구,김지홍,김현욱,김은경,김경아,장황신 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate cytotoxicity of TAFMAG, which is a trade name of natural mineral fiber mined and produced in China. Methods : The cytotoxicity of TAFMAG was evaluated by measuring iron content, lipid peroxidation, erythrocyte hemolysis, and cytotoxicity in vitro. These results were compared with the data of chrystotile and wollastonite as a positive and negative control, respectively. Results : There was significant increase of Fenton activity in TAFMAG and chrysotile with dose-response pattern. The iron chelating agent, desferrioxamine, significantly decreased Fenton activity of the particulates except wollastonite. TAFMAG and chrysotile fibers significantly increased malondialdehyde concentration from lipid peroxidation of the red blood cell membrane. In erythrocyte hemolysis test, TAFMAG & chrysotile had stronger effect on erythrocyte hemolysis than wollastonite with the concentration of 1,000g/ml. Furthermore, TAFMAG was more hemolytic than chrysotile with the concentration of 5,000g/ml. There was a significant cytotoxic effect in TAFMAG and chrysotile on RAW cell compared with wollastonite. Conclusions : In vitro study suggested that TAFMAG may have a similar health hazard as usual asbestos.

α-黃銅粒界 周圍에서의 溶質 分布 計算

金龍成,崔俊浩,張賢球 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1990 論文集 Vol.41 No.1

Solute distribution on the ∑3 [110] and ∑5 [100] tilt boundary in a-brass of Cu-Zn binary system was studied. In calculating the amounts of solute segregated around the grain boundary, the regular solution theory was applied to define atomic interaction and coincidence site lattice model was used for grain boundaty structure. The results are summarized as follows : 1) Around the gtain boundary of α-brass, the zinc concentration profile curve shows a damped oscillation because of the ordering tendency in a-brass which has a negative value of the heat of mixing. 2) In Zn profile curves, the width of damped oscillation in ∑5 boundary is wider than that in ∑3 boundary because of the different number of broken bonds in each boundaries. 3) As the excess energy of ∑5 boundary is larger than that of ∑3 boundary, solute concentration in ∑5 boundary is higher than that in ∑3 boundary.

오미자 추출물의 추출특성 및 항산화 효과

김현구,나경민,예수향,한호석 한국식생활문화학회 2004 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.19 No.5

The present study was conducted to investigate extraction characteristics and antioxidative activity of Schiznadra chinensis extracts. Schiznadra chinensis was extracted by reflux extraction(RE) under different extraction conditions including solvent. The solid yield, turbidity, color value, titratable acidity, free sugar contents, electron donating ability(EDA) and superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like ability of Schiznadra chinensis extracts were determined. The highest solid yield value was obtained with water of 10 fold. No significant difference in turbidity and color value were found among the extracts prepared with various extraction solvents, 75% ethanol, 50% ethanol and water. The highest titratable acidity was obtained with water extracts of Schiznadra chinensis. The free sugar contents of Schiznadra chinensis extracted with water showed the highest value. Schiznadra chinensis extracts with water included higher contents of free sugar compared with those of the other solvent extracts, 50% ethanol and 75% ethanol extracts. The total polyphenol compound content of Schiznadra chinensis extracted with 50% ethanol showed the highest value. Schiznadra chinensis extracts with 50% ethanol included higher contents of total polyphenol compound compared with those of the other solvent extracts, water and 75% ethanol extracts. The electron donating ability of extracts were 60.87% in water, 57.24% in 50% ethanol, and 55.61% in 75% ethanol.

중앙행정기관 주요정책과제평가의 분석적 논고

김현구 한국정책학회 2003 韓國政策學會報 Vol.12 No.4

「평가기본법」에 의한 정부업무평가 중 전형적인 기관평가 모형을 취하고 있는 것이 중앙행정기관평가이고, 중앙행정기관평가의 근간을 이루는 것이 주요정책과제평가이다. 이 글은 국무총리 정책평가위원회가 주관하는 주요정책과제평가의 제도적 운영을 분석하고 개선방안을 모색하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 먼저 평가기관의 역량과 대상기관의 호응을 제도적으로 살펴본 다음, 주요정책과제평가의 추진과정을 평가준비, 평가실행, 결과처리의 3단계로 나누어 논의하였다. 평가준비 단계는 과제선정, 평가성검토, 평가계획의 순으로, 평가실행 단계는 평가운영, 평가기준, 평정방법을 중심으로, 결과처리 단계는 분석·정리, 보고·조치, 이행점검의 순으로 검토하였다. 주요정책과제평가의 실효성 제고를 위해서는 무엇보다 평가기관의 전문성 및 지원체계 강화, 기관별 우열 공표, 대상과제 수의 대폭 축소, 평가성검토의 강화, 평가기준의 다원화, 평가내용의 체계적 분석, 평가결과와 예산의 연계 등이 주요 개선과제라고 할 수 있다. The Major Policy Evaluation(MPE) is an annual assessment of the process of representative policies for 43 central agencies by the Policy Evaluation Committee (PEC) and the Office for Government Policy Coordination(OGPC) of the Prime Minister's Office in Korea. This article examines the MPE system dividing its procedure into three stages. The preparation stage focuses on the procedure of major policy selection, evaluability assessment, and evaluation plan. The execution stage analyzes operation, criteria, and methods of evaluation. The treatment stage deals with analysis, report and action, and monitoring. This study also sheds some light on the capacity of evaluator(PEC, OGPC) and cooperation of evaluated agencies from institutional aspects. For the improvement of MPE system, the author suggests various measures including enhancement of evaluator's expertise and supporting system, opening of evaluation grade by agency, reduction of evaiuated policies, intensification of evaluability assessment. diversification of evaluation criteria, and consideration of evaluation results in budget allocation.

유유아 및 성장기 아동을 위한 영양식품 개발에 관한 연구 : (Ⅲ) F-F-3, F-F-4 급식영아의 임상적 관찰 (Ⅲ) Clinical Observation on Infant Feeding of the Mixtures

김용거,안성근,최조자,이규은,이현금 대한소아과학회 1970 小兒科 Vol.13 No.9

S. pneumoniae 호흡기감염 마우스에서 Rufloxacin의 항균력에 대한 조직학적 연구

구세광,이형식,김종대,최해윤,이재현 慶山大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2002 基礎科學 Vol.6 No.1

Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 6303을 이용한 국소 호흡기 감염 마우스 모델에서 Rufloxacin (RUFX)의 in vivo 항균력을 조직학적으로 평가하기 위하여 생균수와 폐의 조직·병리학적 변화를 관찰하였던 결과, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 생균수는 RUFX 투여군에서 Control 군에 비해 유의성 있게 감소되었으며, 2). Control 군에서는 현저한 폐내 염증세포의 침윤, 출혈 및 폐포 벽의 비후가 조직학적으로 관찰되었으나, 이러한 조직학적 소견들은 RUFX 투여군에서 Control 군에 비해 현저히 있게 감소되었고, 3). LSA (luminal surface of alveoli %)는 Control 군에서 Sham 군에 비해 현저히 감소된 반면, RUFX 투여군에서 Control 군에 비해 유의성 있게 증가되었다. 이상에서 RUFX의 Sterptococcus pneumoniae에 대한 항균력이 조직학적으로 관찰되었다. In order to evaluate the in vivo effect of rufloxacin (RUFX), the viable bacterial number and histopathological changes were monitored after experimental respiratory infection with Sterptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 6303. In RUFX, the viable bacterial numbers were significantly and dose-dependently decreased compared to that of Control group. In Control group, severe infiltration of inflammatory cells, hemorrhage and hypertrophy of alveolar linings were demonstrated at microscopical levels. However, these abnormal histopathological changes were significantly and dose-dependently decreased compared to that of Control group in RUFX group. And also in RUFX group, the LSA (luminal surface of alveoli %) were significantly and dose-dependently increased compared to that of Control group. According to these results, it is considered as the in vivo antibacterial activity of RUFX was histologically showed against Steptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 6303 infection of respiratory tract in this study.

실린더타입 도어클로저의 구조 및 내구해석

김민건,정구현,박찬원 한국공작기계학회 2004 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.13 No.3

The door closer is a typical system which consists of spring and damper. The door closer is a device to close the door more slowly. The virtual prototypes of cylinder-type door closer are developed. The simulations of virtual prototype are performed to obtain the load history of the guide pin. The structural strength assessment of the guide pin is performed to verify a design safety. The fatigue life and damage of the guide pin are predicted using a FEMFAT 4.3h based on the finite element analysis.