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( Dong Yeop Chang ),( Hyun Woong Lee ),( Won Seok Kang ),( Young Jun Koh ),( Jino Lee ),( So Youn Shin ),( Soo Seong You ),( Yoon Seok Choi ),( Ji Hye Kim ),( In Soo Oh ),( Dong Ho Lee ),( Kyung Suk S 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.-
Background/Aims: During viral infection, tissue damage is caused not only by direct cytopathic effects of virus but also by host immune responses. We investigated activation status and functions of CD8+ T cells and the mechanism of CD8+ T cell-mediated host injury in acute hepatitis A (AHA), which is caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection and manifested by severe liver injury in adults. Methods: The study population was AHA-diagnosed 56 patients, hospitalized in Chung-Ang University Hospital. All patients were seropositive for anti-HAV IgM and had clinical and laboratory features of acute hepatitis. The whole blood and serum were obtained, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by Ficoll density-gradient centrifugation and cryopreserved. Direct ex vivo IFN-γ ELISpot assay of peripheral blood lymphocytes was performed by stimulating them with overlapping peptides for HAV VP2 and 3C proteins in order to assess comprehensively HAV-specific IFN-γ response. Results: Total IFN-γ response against VP2 and 3C did not show positive correlation to serum ALT level, corroborating that the liver injury of AHA is not associated with HAV-specific T cell response. Activation of unrelated virus-specific CD8+ T cells significantly correlated with the percentage of CD38+HLA-DR+ cells in total CD8+ T cells, which was a correlate of the liver injury. In a prospective analysis, the percentage of CD38+ HLA-DR+ cells in total CD8+ T cells or that in unrelated virusspecific CD8+ T cells decreased along with the decrease in serum ALT level at the time of discharge, but that in HAVspecific CD8+ T cell population did not. Conclusions: We demonstrate that unrelated virus-specific CD8+ T cells, which are not specific to HAV, are activated and proliferating in AHA, the severity of liver injury correlates with the activation of non-HAV-specific CD8+ T cells, not to that of HAV-specific T cells.
( Dong Yeop Chang ),( Hyun Woong Lee ),( Won Seok Kang ),( Young Jun Koh ),( Jino Lee ),( So Youn Shin ),( Soo Seong You ),( Yoon Seok Choi ),( Ji Hye Kim ),( In Soo Oh ),( Dong Ho Lee ),( Kyung Suk S 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.1
Background/Aims: During viral infection, tissue damage is caused not only by direct cytopathic effects of virus but also by host immune responses. We investigated activation status and functions of CD8+ T cells and the mechanism of CD8+ T cell-mediated host injury in acute hepatitis A (AHA), which is caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection and manifested by severe liver injury in adults. Methods: The study population was AHA-diagnosed 56 patients, hospitalized in Chung-Ang University Hospital. All patients were seropositive for anti-HAV IgM and had clinical and laboratory features of acute hepatitis. The whole blood and serum were obtained, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by Ficoll density-gradient centrifugation and cryopreserved. Direct ex vivo IFN-γ ELISpot assay of peripheral blood lymphocytes was performed by stimulating them with overlapping peptides for HAV VP2 and 3C proteins in order to assess comprehensively HAV-specific IFN-γ response. Results: Total IFN-γ response against VP2 and 3C did not show positive correlation to serum ALT level, corroborating that the liver injury of AHA is not associated with HAV-specific T cell response. Activation of unrelated virus-specific CD8+ T cells significantly correlated with the percentage of CD38+HLA-DR+ cells in total CD8+ T cells, which was a correlate of the liver injury. In a prospective analysis, the percentage of CD38+ HLA-DR+ cells in total CD8+ T cells or that in unrelated virusspecific CD8+ T cells decreased along with the decrease in serum ALT level at the time of discharge, but that in HAVspecific CD8+ T cell population did not. Conclusions: We demonstrate that unrelated virus-specific CD8+ T cells, which are not specific to HAV, are activated and proliferating in AHA, the severity of liver injury correlates with the activation of non-HAV-specific CD8+ T cells, not to that of HAV-specific T cells.
천연과즙이 알로에(Aloe vera. L)조직의 callus 배양에 미치는 효과 검정
오명원,권오민,배동녁,한구태,김대환,도건엽,이지홍,장경호,김영철,김완동,권정호,이인순,문혜연 대구대학교 산업기술연구소 2012 産業技術硏究 Vol.23 No.1
We studied the effects of natural juices as grape and apple juice on callus formation of Aloe vera. L. The condition medium for callus differentiation was made MS medium with 0.2 ㎎/ℓ IAA, 0.3 ㎎/ℓ kinetin and 100 ㎎/ℓ grape or/and apple juice. The callus tissue was induced on this medium for 21 days, but callus formation was not found. However, cut aloe tissue released an extracellular material into media after 7 days as the culture progressed. The condition medium with grape juice brought to decrease cellular metabolism due to synthesis phenol and flavonoid which may resulted by necrosis of tissues like browning reaction. The an extracellular material and aloe tissue were extracted by as a solvent from medium, cultured aloe tissue and natural aloe tissue and those extracts were analysed for the determinate the concentration of phenol, flavonoid and vitamin C content. In the result, the control medium without addition of natural juice had increased of phenol compound and flavonoid content. The condition medium with addition of apple juice had higher content of flavonoid and vitamin C compared with other extracts. As a result, a composition of the apple juice stimulate metabolism of functional material synthesis.
Signal Integrity Improvements of a MEMS Probe Card Using Back-Drilling and Equalizing Techniques
Dong-Yeop Kim,Jindo Byun,Sang-Hoon Lee,Se-Jang Oh,Ki-Sang Kang,Hai-Young Lee IEEE 2011 IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measureme Vol.60 No.3
<P>This paper characterizes the electrical performance of a probe card that is currently used for the test of memory devices operating at 300 MHz. The large printed circuit board assembly of the probe card has been found to consume 70% of the total signal transmission loss. We propose a simultaneous application of the back-drilling and the equalization techniques that greatly improve the signal integrity (SI) by reduction of the insertion loss and by planarization of the frequency response, respectively. These techniques are very simple and easy to be implemented by the numerical control of the drilling equipment and the surface mount technology. The Δ 3-dB bandwidth has greatly been improved from 0.66 GHz of the conventional probe card to 2.46 GHz after both of the equalization and the back-drilling. We also achieved 53% reductions of the transition times (Tr/Tf) and 51% improvement of the peak-to-peak jitter. We expect the simultaneous application of the back-drilling and the equalization be effectively used for further improvements of current wafer-level probe card performance.</P>
오호엽(Oh Ho-Yeop),정형세(Jeong Hyeong Se),최동호(Choi Dong-Ho),이부용(Lee Bu-Yong) 한국태양에너지학회 2013 한국태양에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.11
The objective of this study was to analyze during summer season short-wave and long-wave radiation characteristics between downtown area and suburban area in Daegu. This study was confirmed the regional and monthly radiation environments and it can utilize as basic data for the analysis of the urban radiation environment and the effects of urbanization.