공직선거에서의 ‘연장자 우선’ 규정의 현황과 개선방향 연구

정다현 중앙선거관리위원회 2022 『選擧硏究』 Vol.- No.17

Since the National Assembly Election Act in 1950 was newly established that "if there are two or more candidates with the same number of votes, the elderly are determined as elected," and the "preferential treatment for the elderly" rule was specified in the society-wide rule. As 72 years have passed since the first regulation was established, Korean society has undergone numerous changes and is facing them. One of the changes may be that it is possible to distinguish between 'respect' and 'age discrimination' for the elderly. Institutions such as the Constitutional Court and the National Human Rights Commission have decided that the "preferential treatment for the elderly" rule, which has no reasonable reason, is an infringement of the equal rights of Article 11 of the Constitution of the Republic of Korea and deprivation of opportunities for underaged people. In an election system where "second place" rarely exists, the weight of the regulation will be further maximized. Through this study, it was confirmed that there have been at least 11 local elections and 48 local council presidential elections in the situation of the same number of votes in the election so far. In addition, related precedents and rules for tiebreaker in countries around the world were confirmed, and attempts to revise the National Assembly and local councils that have been proposed since 2020 were analyzed. Through this study, it was intended to present the direction of revision of laws and legislation of self-government in order to prepare reasonable standards rather than the 'elder priority' regulation in the election. In various elections of the Public Official Election Act, it was intended to propose a direction to revise the law, such as replacing the constitution's tax obligations and criminal experience, and to establish specific standards and specify a draw as a last resort. 1950년 「국회의원선거법」에 “득표수가 동일한 의원후보자가 2인 이상이 있을 때에는 연장자를 당선인으로 결정”한다는 규정이 신설된 이후, 사회 전반의 규칙에 동점(同點) 상황에서 ‘연장자 우대’ 규정이 명시되었다. 최초 규정이 제정된 이후 72년이 흘러오는 동안 대한민국 사회는 수많은 변화를 겪고, 마주하고 있다. 연장자에 대한 ‘공경’과 ‘연령차별’을 구분할 수 있게 된 것도 변화 중 하나일 것이다. 헌법재판소, 국가인권위원회 등 기관에서는 합리적 이유가 없는 ‘연장자 우대’ 규정은 「대한민국 헌법」 제11조의 평등권 침해이자 연소자에 대한 기회 박탈이라는 결정을 해오고 있다. ‘2등’은 거의 존재하지 않는 선거제도에서 해당 규정의 무게는 더욱 극대화될 것이다. 본 연구를 통해 지금까지 선거의 동수 득표상황에서 최소한 지방선거 11명, 지방의회 의장선거 48명이 ‘나이가 많아 당선’되었음을 확인하였다. 또한 관련 판례와 세계 각국의 동점자 결정 규정을 확인하고, 2020년 이후 발의되고 있는 국회와 지방의회의 개정시도를 분석하였다. 이를 통해 선거에서의 ‘연장자 우선’ 규정보다 합리적인 기준을 마련하기 위하여 다양한 개선 방향을 검토하였다. 「공직선거법」의 각종 선거에서는 헌법의 납세 의무 이행과 범죄경력 유무 등을 기준으로 대체하는 등의 법률 개정방향과, 지방의회 의장선출 관련 자치법규에서 결선투표 이후에도 동수를 득표한 후보가 있을 경우 연장자 당선 대신, 구체적인 기준을 마련하고 최후의 수단으로 추첨을 명시하는 등의 개정방향을 제시하고자 하였다.

아칼라지아 환자에서의 초치료

정다현 대한상부위장관ㆍ헬리코박터학회 2020 Korean Journal of Helicobacter Upper Gastrointesti Vol.20 No.1

Water/Ethanol Processable N-type Semiconducting Polymers for High Mobility Electrolyte-gated Transistors

정다현,김민제,이승진,김영웅,조정호,김범준 한국고분자학회 2020 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.45 No.2

양성자펌프억제제 장기 사용에 따른 부작용

정다현 대한소화기학회 2022 대한소화기학회지 Vol.80 No.4

Side Chain Engineering of Naphthalene Diimide-Based Polymer Acceptors for Aqueous Processible All-Polymer Solar Cells

정다현,김영웅,김범준 한국고분자학회 2019 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.44 No.2

중·저가 서비스스케이프와 서비스커뮤니케이션이 고객만족과 재방문의도에 미치는 영향

정다현,윤혜원 한국마이스관광학회 2014 MICE관광연구 Vol.14 No.S2

This study is conducted to identify a causal relationship that servicescape and servicecommunication of Korea’s food industry, specifically buffet restaurants have on customer satisfaction and customer return visit intentions. Through these, the hypothesis and research model are set to evaluate the research model by analyzing structural equation model against buffet restaurant visitors in Seoul regions, and tested hypothesis and proposed a practical marketing implication as follow. First, amongst the servicescape variables, coordination environment, cleanliness and convenience affect positively(+) on customer satisfaction while lacking in aesthetics and comfort. In particular, when compared with standardized path coefficient, convenience was the highest. Second, verbal & non-verbal communication of servicecommunication show the positive influence (+) beneficial to customer satisfaction. Third, the the customer satisfaction through service quality showes signigicant influence to the customer revisit intention. Therefore, buffet restaurants need proper servicescapes providing, in particular, comfortable dinging environments, convenience of customer moving path and parking, tableware management and toilet cleanliness; and induce customer revisits through the positive customer satisfaction with continuous service communication training on service workers to generate a bigger profit.

Polymeric Acceptors Containing the Same Building Block with Polymer Donors Enhanced Interfacial Compatibility, Mechanical Robustness, and Efficiency of All-Polymer Solar Cells

정다현,이진우,( Cheng Sun ),마부수,김형준,류종민,임철희,김택수,김윤희,권순기,김범준 한국공업화학회 2021 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2021 No.0

The Implication and Political Communication on Stamps of Kim Jong-un Era: Based on the 10th Anniversary Stamp Collection of Kim Jong-un

정다현,조정연,남성욱 이화여자대학교 통일학연구원 2023 Journal of peace and unification Vol.13 No.2

This paper is a political symbol communication study on North Korean stamps for the promotion of Kim Jong-un’s achievement. The study examines stamps of 10 years of the great revolutionary leadership seen on the stamps collection issued in March 2022. The collection consists of 50 pages, including about 260 stamps that promote the achievements of Kim Jong-un by using symbols of Kim Jong-il and Kim Il-sung. The paper analyzes MIRANDA - exaltation of power and CREDENDA - trust of power, And classifies it into commemoration - anniversary, memorial hall, anecdote, etc. and ceremony - music and flag, badge and pattern, etc. and 3 crowd strikes and attitude of respect, obedience, and sacrifice, monopoly of legitimacy 3 image manipulation. As a result of the analysis, most of the stamps utilized MIRANDA and CREDENDA as image manipulation. The collection was used not only for the promotion of Kim Jong-un’s achievement but also making him the legitimate person who deserves the trust and the exaltation to utilize the image manipulation such as Kim Jong-il, a descendant of Baekdu, summit meetings with world leaders, etc. to make sure the power of Kim Jong-un.

강황 발효주정 추출물, 녹차 및 오렌지 피 혼합액의 날치알 품질 및 기호성 증진 효과

정다현,김꽃봉우리,이청조,김민지,김동현,선우찬,정슬아,김현지,최미라,안동현 한국식품영양과학회 2011 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2011 No.10

북한법령 관련 우표의 연혁과 상징전략 연구

정다현 법무부 2023 統一과 法律 Vol.- No.53

This paper is a study that analyzed stamps related to North Korean laws issued from 1945 to 2022 using C. E. Merriam's symbolic analysis method. The stamps were organized by the times of Kim Il-sung, Kim Jong-il, and Kim Jong-un, and based on this, they were analyzed by division into symbolic strategies of power praise (miranda) and power trust (credenda). As a result of the analysis, the era of Kim Il-sung, Kim Jong-il, and Kim Jong-un continued to use commemorative stamps of North Korean statutes, and in particular, symbolic manipulation changed directly over time. In detail, most North Korean stamps included revolutionary anecdotes, and Kim Jong-un was also praised for manipulating symbols and adopting laws that honor Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il through the use of anecdotes and symbols of Kim Il-sung-hwa and Kim Jong-il-hwa. Second, North Korea did not simply convey the news of the enactment of the North Korean law with the stamps, but used the score of the song to thank the leader as a stamp pattern and used the national flag, national emblem, and national flower in all directions to maximize the effect of symbols. Third, since the 1970s, when the succession system of Kim Il-sung was solidified, stamps related to crowd protests have been actively used to praise North Korean power. Fourth, in the 1970s, they were also manipulated as reliable objects by using explicit symbols of Kim Il-sung and Kim Jong-il. Fifth, North Korea emphasized the implementation of free benefits such as land reform, abolition of the tax system, and mandatory education laws, and symbolically manipulated the North Korean system as monopolizing legitimacy in the inter-Korean system confrontation. This symbolic strategy is expected to continue in Kim Jong-un's style, and North Korean laws are also expected to be used as a tool for promoting the regime. 본 논문은 1946년부터 2022년까지 발행되었던 북한의 법령관련 우표를 메리엄(C. E. Merriam)의 상징전략 분석 방법을 활용하여 분석한 연구이다. 김일성, 김정일, 김정은 시대별 법령우표의 연혁을 정리하고, 이를 토대로 권력찬미(miranda), 권력신뢰(credenda)의 상징전략으로 나누어 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 김일성-김정일-김정은 시대는 지속적으로 북한법령 기념우표를 활용하였으며, 특히 시간이 갈수록 상징조작이 직접적으로 변하였다. 세부적으로 살펴보면 첫째, 대부분의 북한법령 기념우표에 혁명일화가 포함되었으며, 《조선민주주의인민공화국 금수산태양궁전법》 기념 우표에 김일성화(花), 김정일화(花), 김일성과 김정일 사진이 걸린 금수산태양궁전 일화와 상징의 활용으로 김일성-김정일을 찬미받을 대상으로 상징조작하고, 그들을 공경하는 법령을 채택한 김정은 또한 찬미받을 대상이 되었다. 둘째, 북한은 해당 우표들로 단순히 북한법령의 제정 소식만을 전하지 않고, 지도자에 대한 감사를 노래하는 가요의 악보까지 우표 도안으로 활용하고 국기, 국장, 국화 등을 전방위적으로 활용하며 상징의 효과를 극대화하였다. 셋째, 김일성 후계체제가 공고해진 1970년대에 들어서부터는 군중시위와 관련한 우표가 적극적으로 활용하며 북한권력을 찬미였다. 넷째, 역시 1970년대 들어 노골적인 김일성-김정일 상징을 활용하여 이들을 신뢰할 수 있는 대상으로 상징조작하였다. 다섯째, 북한은 토지개혁, 세금제도 폐지, 의무교육 법령 등 무상의 혜택을 시행하는 것을 강조하며 북한체제가 남북체제대결 상황에서 합법성을 독점하는 것으로 상징조작하였다. 이러한 상징전략은 김정은식으로 지속하여 이어질 것이며, 북한법령 또한 체제선전 도구로 활용될 것으로 보인다.