ORiginal Article : Gastroprotective Effects of PMK-S005 against Ethanol-Induced Acute Gastric Damage in Rats

( Yoon Jeong Choi ),( Nayoung Kim ),( Ju Yup Lee ),( Ryoung Hee Nam ),( Ji Hyung Seo ),( Seonmin Lee ),( Hee Jin Kim ),( Yoon Jin Choi ),( Hye Seung Lee ),( Dong Ho Lee ) 대한간학회 2016 Gut and Liver Vol.10 No.3

Background/Aims: This study aimed to examine the gastroprotective effects of PMK-S005, which is a synthetic S-allyl-Lcysteine (SAC; a sulfur-containing amino acid), against acute ethanol-induced gastric damage in rats. Methods: Sprague- Dawley rats were divided into six groups, including a nonethanol group, groups treated with absolute ethanol 1 hour after pretreatment with various doses of PMK-S005 (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg) or rebamipide (50 mg/kg), and an absolute ethanolonly group. Ethanol-induced gross ulcer and mucus levels were measured. Myeloperoxidase, tumor necrosis factor a, interleukin 1β, PGE2, LTB4, cPLA2, COX-1, and COX-2 levels were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or Western blot analysis. Furthermore, the protein expression levels of antioxidant enzymes, including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H:quinine oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1), GCLC, and GCLM, were assessed. Results: PMK-S005 significantly attenuated the ethanol-induced gastric damage; it reduced mucosal inflammatory cytokine production and increased mucus levels. The expression levels of cPLA2, COX-1, and COX-2 were decreased by PMK-S005. PMK-S005 did not affect PGE2 synthesis, but LTB4 production was significantly suppressed. In addition, long-term administration of PMKS005 significantly increased the expression of HO-1, NQO-1, GCLC, and GCLM. Conclusions: These results strongly suggest that PMK-S005 prevents gastric mucosal damage and that these gastroprotective activities are due to anti-inflammatory effects and enhancement of the gastric defense system, including antioxidant enzymes. (Gut Liver 2016;10:348- 355)

Carbon monoxide prevents TNF-α-induced eNOS downregulation by inhibiting NF-κB-responsive miR-155-5p biogenesis

Choi, Seunghwan,Kim, Joohwan,Kim, Ji-Hee,Lee, Dong-Keon,Park, Wonjin,Park, Minsik,Kim, Suji,Hwang, Jong Yun,Won, Moo-Ho,Choi, Yoon Kyung,Ryoo, Sungwoo,Ha, Kwon-Soo,Kwon, Young-Guen,Kim, Young-Myeong Nature Publishing Group 2017 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.49 No.11

<P>Heme oxygenase-1-derived carbon monoxide prevents inflammatory vascular disorders. To date, there is no clear evidence that HO-1/CO prevents endothelial dysfunction associated with the downregulation of endothelial NO synthesis in human endothelial cells stimulated with TNF-α. Here, we found that the CO-releasing compound CORM-2 prevented TNF-α-mediated decreases in eNOS expression and NO/cGMP production, without affecting eNOS promoter activity, by maintaining the functional activity of the <I>eNOS</I> mRNA 3′-untranslated region. By contrast, CORM-2 inhibited MIR155HG expression and miR-155-5p biogenesis in TNF-α-stimulated endothelial cells, resulting in recovery of the 3′-UTR activity of <I>eNOS</I> mRNA, a target of miR-155-5p. The beneficial effect of CORM-2 was blocked by an NF-κB inhibitor, a miR-155-5p mimic, a HO-1 inhibitor and siRNA against HO-1, indicating that CO rescues TNF-α-induced eNOS downregulation through NF-κB-responsive miR-155-5p expression via HO-1 induction; similar protective effects of ectopic HO-1 expression and bilirubin were observed in endothelial cells treated with TNF-α. Moreover, heme degradation products, except iron and <I>N</I>-acetylcysteine prevented H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>-mediated miR-155-5p biogenesis and eNOS downregulation. These data demonstrate that CO prevents TNF-α-mediated eNOS downregulation by inhibiting redox-sensitive miR-155-5p biogenesis through a positive forward circuit between CO and HO-1 induction. This circuit may play an important preventive role in inflammatory endothelial dysfunction associated with human vascular diseases.</P>

Ethanol Extract of Ganoderma lucidum Augments Cellular Anti-oxidant Defense through Activation of Nrf2/HO-1

Lee, Yoo-hwan,Kim, Jung-hee,Song, Choon-ho,Jang, Kyung-jeon,kim, Cheol-hong,Kang, Ji-Sook,Choi, Yung-hyun,Yoon, Hyun-Min KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2016 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.19 No.1

Objectives: The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine for many years. Although several studies have focused on the anti-oxidative activity of this mushroom, the molecular mechanisms underlying its activity have not yet been clearly established. The present study investigated the cytoprotective effect of ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum (EGL) against oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, $H_2O_2$) and elucidated the underlying mechanisms in a C2C12 myoblast cell line. Methods: Oxidative stress markers were determined by using the comet assay to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. Cell viability and Western blotting analyses were employed to evaluate the cellular response to EGL and $H_2O_2$ in C2C12 cells. Transfection with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-specific small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) was conducted to understand the relationship between Nrf2 expression and $H_2O_2$-induced growth inhibition. Results: The results showed that EGL effectively inhibited $H_2O_2$-induced growth and the generation of ROS. EGL markedly suppressed $H_2O_2$-induced comet-like DNA formation and phosphorylation of histone H2AX at serine 139 ($p-{\gamma}H2AX$), a widely used marker of DNA damage, suggesting that EGL prevented $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage. Furthermore, the EGL treatment effectively induced the expression of Nrf2, as well as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), with parallel phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in the C2C12 myoblasts. However, zinc protoporphyrin IX, a HO-1 inhibitor, significantly abolished the protective effects of EGL against $H_2O_2$-induced accumulation of ROS and reduced cell growth. Notably, transient transfection with Nrf2-specific siRNA attenuated the cytoprotective effects and HO-1 induction by EGL, indicating that EGL induced the expression of HO-1 in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Conclusion: Collectively, these results demonstrate that EGL augments the cellular anti-oxidant defense capacity through activation of Nrf2/HO-1, thereby protecting C2C12 myoblasts from $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative cytotoxicity.

7두의 개에서 배설성 요로조영술을 통한 신장 기능 평가

최윤정,이기자,최형준,이용진,박성준,송근호,정성목,최호정,이영원 忠南大學校 獸醫科大學 動物醫科學硏究所 2005 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.13 No.-

Excretory urography is a type of contrast study used to verify and localize upper urinary tract disease. It is an inexpensive and easy way to visualize of anatomic and functional status of the kidney and has been used as a primary imaging modality for the evaluation of urinary tract abnormalities. We describe urological signs of 7 dogs who examined with excretory urography and ultrasonography. Six cases were referred to veterinary medical teaching hospital. Chungnam national university (VMTH, CNU) to evaluate renal function after the treatment for renal failure and one case was referred showing hematuria. In case 1, 2 and 4, blood test and urinalysis was normal and the results of excretory urography presented that renal function were normal range. In case 3, the results of urinalysis, ultrasonography, and excretory urography except blood test presented abnormal kidney and hydronephrosis was diagnosed. In case 5 and 6, blood test, urinalysis, ultrasonography and excretory urography indicated renal failure. In case 7, blood test, urinalysis and ultrasonography presented partially abnormal signs, however, the results of excretory urography was normal range.

Vascular Protective Role of Samul-Tang in HUVECs: Involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 and NO

Choi, Eun Sik,Lee, Yun Jung,Seo, Chang Seob,Yoon, Jung Joo,Han, Byung Hyuk,Park, Min Cheol,Kang, Dae Gill,Lee, Ho Sub Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2016 No.-

<P>Samul-Tang (Si-Wu-Tang, SMT), composed of four medicinal herbs, is a well-known herbal formula treating hematological disorder or gynecologic disease. However, vascular protective effects of SMT and its molecular mechanisms on the vascular endothelium, known as the central spot of vascular inflammatory process, are not reported. The aim of this study was to investigate vascular protective effects of SMT water extract in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Water extract of SMT was prepared and identified by HPLC-PDA analysis. Expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-<I>κ</I>B) and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were determined by western blot. Nuclear localization of NF-<I>κ</I>B and Nrf2 was visualized by immunofluorescence and DNA binding activity of NF-<I>κ</I>B was measured. ROS production, HL-60 monocyte adhesion, and intracellular nitric oxide (NO) were also measured using a fluorescent indicator. SMT suppressed NF-<I>κ</I>B translocation and activation as well as expression of CAMs, monocyte adhesion, and ROS production induced by TNF-<I>α</I> in HUVECs. SMT treated HUVECs showed upregulation of HO-1 and NO which are responsible for vascular protective action. Our study suggests that SMT, a traditionally used herbal formula, protects the vascular endothelium from inflammation and might be used as a promising vascular protective drug.</P>

신규 방사성 항암제 DW-166HC 의 소핵시험

문은이(Eun Yi Moon),이진(Jin Lee),이원용(Won Yong Lee),최청하(Chung Ha Choi),이덕근(Dug Keun Lee),유제만(Jei Man Ryu),정용호(Yong Ho Chung),윤성준(Sung June Yoon),박경배(Kyung Bae Park) 한국응용약물학회 1997 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.5 No.3

DW-166HC (^(166)Holmium (^(166)Ho)-Chitosan complex) is a new radiopharmaceutic anticancer agent with a broad anti-tumorigenic spectrum, especially against human hepatic cancer. DW-166HC was evaluated for the appearance of micronucleus in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) of mouse bone marrow cells after subcutaneous arid intravenous single administration. Bone marrow cells were prepared at 24 hr and 48 hr after DW-166HC-I (^(165)Ho-Chitosan complex : cold compound) administration and at 24 hr, 72 hr and 2 weeks after DW-166HC (^(166)Ho-Chitosan complex : hot compound) administration. The results showed there was no statistically significant increase of the numbers of PCEs with micronucleus in all DW-166HC-I administered groups compared with a negative control group but there was statistically significant increase of the numbers of PCEs with micronucleus at 24 hr arid 72 hr in all DW-166HC administered groups, which was recovered after 2 weeks from the drug administration. The results also showed the ratio of normochromatic erythrocytes (NCEs) to PCEs of all DW-166HC-I administered groups was not significantly different from that of a negative controi group but there was significant difference of this ratio at 24hr and 72 hr in all DW-166HC administered groups compared with that of negative group, which was also recovered after two weeks from the drug administration. These results suggested that DW-166HC-I may not cause any chromosomal damage but DW-166HC has in vivo mutagenic potential because of its radioactivity.

한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 III : 3차년도 연구결과 보고

최선미,양기상,최승훈,박경모,박종현,심범상,김성우,노석선,이인선,정진홍,이진용,김달래,임형호,김윤범,박성식,송태원,김종우,이승기,최윤정,신순식 한국한의학연구원 1997 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.3 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the third year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows : - analyzing and differentiating of epidemic febrile disease - analyzing and differentiating in accordance with the Sasang constitution medicine based on four-type recognition - differentiation of disease according to pathological changes of Chong and Ren channels - standards for diagnosis of women's disease - standards for diagnosis of children's disease - standards for diagnosis of motor and sensor disturbance (-muscle. born, joint, etc.) - standards for diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disease - standards for diagnosis of five sense organ disease - standards for diagnosis of external disease The indivisual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs, the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern, discrimination of diagnosis pattern, prognosis, a way of curing a disease, prescription, herbs in common use, disease appearing the diagnosis pattern, documents. The standards for diagnosis of each disease was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of disease, the main point of diagnosis, analyzing and differentiating of disease, analysis of disease, discrimination of disease, prognosis, a way of curing and prescription of disease, disease in western medicine appearing the disease in oriental medicine, documents.

가막만 패류양식장의 수질 및 저질특성

최철웅,문성용,윤호섭,라성주,한종석,최상덕,이우범 國立 麗水大學校 環境問題硏究所 2002 環境硏究論文集 Vol.5 No.-

This study was performed to characterize the seasonal fluctuation of water quality and sediment environment from April, 2001 to November, 2001 in Gamak bay. Which was a productive area, but recently its fisheries conditional have been deteriorated because of increasing waste-water from municipal area, industry and autochthonous pollution by farm industry. In the survey of seawater quality, DO and COD concentrations were lowest in bottom layer at summer, but DIN and DIP contents were higher than those in surface layer. Eutrophication indices mean that eutrophication area move from south to north entrance via northern-west inner area with seasonal change from summer to autumn. In the survey of sediment environment, ignition loss(IL), chemical oxygen demand(COD), DIN and Dip were in the range of 3.8~15.7%, 10.3~60.6mg/g-dry, 5.053~1.810mg/ℓ and 0.065~0.324mg/ℓ , respectively. COD in sediment were highest at winter and spring. And, they were higher than sediment standard in the south inner area, which mean heavily polluted conditions with organic constituents.

농업용수 수질기준 T-N 항목 설정을 위한 벼생육 실험

최선화,김호일,윤경섭,최이송,오종민 한국물환경학회 2004 한국물환경학회지 Vol.20 No.3

The present water quality standards for agricultural were established without considering the effects of water quality on the safety, growth, yield and quality of crops. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of irrigation water quality on the growth, yield, and grain quality of rice, and to acquire basic knowledges to set up water quality standards for irrigation. The field and pot experiments were conducted with irrigation water that was previously adjusted four concentrations (control, 5, 10, 20 ㎎/L) and six concentrations (control, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 ㎎/L) by NH₄NO₃ solution and replicated three and four times with randomized block design, respectively. The results of this study showed that the inorganic nutrient of rice plant, rice protein contents and number of panicle tended to increase as the T-N concentration in irrigation water was increased. In addition, grain yield at T-N 10 ㎎/L and 20㎎/L were significantly higher than the control at the field experiment. From the pot experiment at T-N 30 ㎎/L, the percentage of head rice was slightly lower due to the increase of green kernel and white belly/core kernel.

저먼 세퍼드에서 발생한 내측 갈고리돌기 유합부전을 컴퓨터 단층촬영술을 이용하여 진단한 증례

황윤태,안지영,신희승,최호정,이영원 忠南大學校 獸醫科大學 附設 動物醫科學硏究所 2009 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.16 No.1

A 4-year-old male German shepherd dog with reluctance to exercise, swelling of bilateral elbow joint and general depression was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University. Swelling, alopecia and lichenification of bilateral elbow joint were observed on physical examination. Osteophytes, sclerosis and joint mouse of bilateral elbow joint were found on radiography. Deformation of medical coronoid process and soft tissue density swelling at caudal part of bilateral elbow joint were also observed on radiography. Computed tomography revealed fragmented medial coronoid process and osteophytes of bilateral elbow joint. Therefore this case was diagnosed as fragmented medical coronois process and degenerative joint disease.