혈관 생성 억제 제를 투여한 신생마우스 폐 조직에서 Retinoic acid의 세포자멸사의 억제

주선영 ( Sun Young Ju ),조경아 ( Kyoung Ah Cho ),유경하 ( Kyung Ha Ryu ),우소연 ( So Youn Woo ),박은애 ( Eun Ae Park ),조수진 ( Su Jin Cho ) 대한주산의학회 2008 Perinatology Vol.19 No.1

목적: Retinoic acid는 폐포 재생에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있어서 미숙아의 기관지폐이형성중의 예방에 사용되고 있다. 기관지폐이형성중의 병태생리는 미숙한 폐의 내피세포와 외피세포의 세포자멸사를 일으킴과 관련이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서 VEGFR2 억제가 신생 폐에서 세포자멸사를 증가시키는지, 또 retinoic acid의 투여가 본 폐 발달 억제 동물모형에서 세포자멸사를 억제하는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: VEGFR2 억제제인 SU1498을 생후3일된 마우스에 주사하고, 폐포발달이 이루어지는 그 후 10일간 retinoic acid나 위약을 주사하였다. 형태학적인 분석을 하였고, 세표자멸사를 비교분석하기 위해서 TUNEL 염색과 Annexin V을 표지자로 FACS출 시행하였다. 자멸사한 세포를 확인하기 위해서 동일초점 현미경으로 분석하였다. 결과: SU1498를 주사한 마우스에서 폐포면적과 평균폐포용적이 의미 있게 감소하였다. 세포자멸사도 약 3배 의미 있게 증가하였다. 자멸사한 세포는 내피세포와 상피세포에 분포하였다. Retinoic acid를 주사한 약 50%의 세포자멸사가 감소하였고, 형태학적으로 정상에 가까운 폐포 발달이 유지되었다. 결론: VEGFR2 억제를 하면 내피세포와 상피세포의 세포자멸사가 증가되면서 폐 발달이 저해되었다. 이어서 retinoic acid를 주사하면 세포자멸사가 억제되어 폐 발달유지에 도움이 되었다. 이러한 retinoic acid에 의한 세포자멸사의 억제가 기관지폐이형성증 예방에 기여할 것으로 추정된다. Background: Retinoic acid is known to play a role in alveolar regeneration and is used in the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants. Many factors involved in the pathogenesis of BPD induce apoptosis of the endothelium and epithelium of the premature lung. We hypothesized that VEGFR2 inhibition would increase apoptosis in the newborn lung and retinoic acid would decrease apoptosis in our model of inhibited lung growth. Material and Methods: SU1498, a VEGFR2 inhibitor or vehicle was given to three-day-old mice. Subsequent retinoic acid or vehicle injection was given for ten days for the duration of alveolarization. Morphometric analyses were performed. Apoptosis was assessed with TUNEL staining and Annexin V staining. Co-localization of apoptotic cells with endothelial and epithelial cells was performed. Results: SUI498 injection reduced alveolar surface area and mean alveolar volume in newborn mice. Apoptosis was increased by three-fold in SU1498 injected mice. Apoptotic cells co-localized to endothelial and epithelial cells. Retinoic acid significantly reduced the degree of apoptosis by 50% in SU1498 injected mice and maintained lung development. Conclusion: VEGFR2 inhibition caused an arrest in lung development accompanied by an increase in apoptosis of endothelial and epithelial cells of the neonatal lung in mice. Subsequent retinoic acid treatment reduced apoptosis and we speculate that retinoic acid may preserve lung growth in bronchopulmonary dysplasia by inhibiting apoptosis in the neonatal lung.

중년 직장여성의 일-가정 갈등이 삶의 의미에 미치는 영향: 사회적지지와 자기효능감의 매개효과를 중심으로

강명수(Kang, Myung­-Su),류은진(Ryoo, Eun-Jin),이수경(Lee, Soo-Kyoung) 한국가족학회 2019 가족과 문화 Vol.31 No.3

본 연구는 다중역할을 수행하고 있는 중년 직장여성을 대상으로 일-가정 갈등, 사회적지지, 자기효능감, 삶의 의미 간의 관계를 파악하고자 하였다. 구체적으로 연구 대상자는 40세에서 60세 미만의 자녀가 있는 맞벌이 중년 직장여성들로서 총 202명의 자료가 최종 분석에 사용 되었다. 구조방정식 모형을 통해 자료를 분석하였는데, 분석결과 첫째, 중년 직장여성의 일-가정 갈등은 사회적지지, 자기효능감과 유의미한 관계를 맺고 있었으나, 삶의 의미와는 직접적인 유의미한 관계를 갖고 있지 않았다. 둘째, 사회적지지와 자기효능감은 일-가정 갈등과 삶의 의미 간의 관계에서 유의미한 완전매개효과를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 중년 직장여성이 다중역할 수행에서 삶의 의미를 찾도록 도와주기 위해서는 사회적지지와 자기효능감을 높여줄 필요가 있다. 연구결과를 토대로 교육과 상담에의 논의점 및 제안점을 제시하였다. The purpose of our study was to identify a structural relationship between the work-family conflict, social support, self-effectiveness and the meaning of life among married female workers who are performing multiple roles. The subjects were middle-aged married working mothers aged 40 to 60, they taked care of at least one child and worked more 10 hours in a week. The 202 data were analyzed using a structural equation model. The analysis results showed in the lives of middle-aged married female workers as follows. First, the work-family conflict had direct effects on social support and self-effectiveness significantly. And the work-family conflict had no significant direct effect but significant indirect effect on the meaning of life. Second, social support and self-effectiveness had complete mediation effects in relation between the work-family conflict and the meaning of life. Therefore, to find the meaning of life for middle-aged married female workers, it is necessary to enhance their social support and self-effectiveness. Based on the results of the study, we suggested the discussion for education and counseling.

압전 에너지 하베스트를 위한 마이크로 필라 공정 연구

윤석우,이규탁,이경수,정순종,김민수,조경호,고중혁,Yun, Seok-Woo,Lee, Ku-Tak,Lee, Kyoung-Su,Jeong, Soon-Jong,Kim, Min-Soo,Cho, Kyoung-Ho,Koh, Jung-Hyuk 한국전기전자재료학회 2010 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.23 No.8

In this study, the piezoelectric energy harvester was investigated employing the pillar structure with the diameter size of 50~500 um. Usually, the aspect ratio between the height and diameter was related with the piezoelectric performance. High aspect ratio was showed the low electric noise and high piezoelectric properties than low aspect ratio. Therefore, we have selected the Su-8 photo-resist and modified lithography process to manufacture the pillar structure with height above the 250 ${\mu}m$. In this presentation, we will report the process and properties of micro pillar structure based on the PMN-PZT (Pb$(Mg_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3$-PbZrTiO$_3$) materials.

수침목재의 동결건조 실험보고 : 대전 월평동 출토 유물을 중심으로

김경수,이용희 국립중앙박물관 1999 박물관보존과학 Vol.1 No.-

수침목재의 凍結乾燥 처리시 최상의 결과를 얻기 위해서는 대상유물의 상태와 ᅳ致할 수 있는 처리약품의 선정, 적용농도, 含浸방법 등 최적의 조건을 찾아내는 것이 필요하다. 이러한 조건설정은 전처리실험을 통해서만 가능하다. 이번 실험은 대전 월평동 유적에서 출토된 소나무(Pinus densiflora S. et Z.)와 상수리나무(Quercus acutissima Carruth.) 2種의 수침목재를 대상으로 2단계 PEG처리법(2-Step; PEG#200→PEG#4000), Sorbitol처리법, PEG#200+PEG#4000처리법,Sorbitol+PEG#4000처리법 등 4가지 방법으로 전처리한 후 동결건조하고 値數安定化效果를 비교하였다. 실험결과 2-단계 PEG처리법은 소나무材의 경우 PEG#4000을 60% 농도로, 상수리나무材의 경우 PEG#4000을 40% 농도로 처리한 것이 치수안정화효과가 가장 좋았다. Sorbitol 만을 적용한 처리법은 40% 농도로 처리한 소나무재에서만 비교적 양호한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 그리고 Sorbitol, PEG#200+PEG#4000, Sorbitol+PEG#4000으로 처리한 상수리나무는 기대한 만큼의 치수안정화효과가 나타나지 않았다. To get the best result from vacuum freeze drying of water-logged wood, it is necessary for objects to find out the best conditions such as chemicals, appropriate concentration of solution, impregnation method and etc. Such best condition could be set up by pre-treatment experiments. Two kinds of wood(Pinus densiflora S. et Z. and Quercus acutissima Carruth) were pre-treated by four methods; 2-step PEG treatment(PEG #200-PEG #4000), sorbitol treatment, PEG #200+PEG#4000 treatment, and sorbitol+PEG#4000 treatment. After those pre-treatment, vacuum freeze-drying was undertaken. Then the effect of dimensional stability were compared. When using 2-step PEG treatment, a solution of 60% PEG#4000 got the best dimensional stability for pine and in case of the oak, a solution of 40% PEG#4000 got the best. Sorbitol treatment got rather good result for the pine only when applied with 40% solution of sorbitol. Sorbitol, PEG#200+PEG#4000 and sorbitol+PEG #4000 treatments to the oak didn't affect on dimensional stability sufficiently.

철골 구조설계 공정 표준화를 위한 CIS/2 AAM 모델 연구

한경민,조수제,박성수 釜山大學校 都市問題硏究所 1999 都市硏究報 Vol.8 No.-

The aim of this research is analysing CIS/2 AAM model fot investigating the Steel Framework Process Data Modeling Standards. This paper introduces CIS/2 AAM model and LPM/5 which is produced by CIMSteel project. and produces it's STEP Part 21 File Translator for exchanging building data, The overall objective of this paper is to analysis LPM/5 Logical Product Model and to evaluate File Read/write Translater. The results of this paper are as follow; 1) The study on CIS/2 is helpful to developing dominant Steel Framework Process Model 2) It may be basis of developing analysis application, which is based on STEP modelling technique.

多樣한 黃芩藥鍼製劑의 安全性 및 效能에 關한 硏究

김호경,마진열,전원경,윤수영,강은정,주혜정,고병섭 한국한의학연구원 1997 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.3 No.1

In order to detect the safety and effect of various aqua-acupunctures from Scutellariae Radix, the modifications of boiling, filtration and dilution were employed for the manufacture of aqua-acupunctures. We injected 0.2cc of aqua-acupunctures into Joksamri(足三里) of rat, repeatedly. we compared subacute toxicity of them with saline group, distilled water(D.W.) group, acupuncture group and control group. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The groups were all healthy and alive, and there was no special abnormality in physical condition and autopsy. And there were not any toxic symptoms in repeating application of aqua-acupunctures to the rat, including changes of body weight, organ weight, haematological examination and serum biochemical test. 2. There was slight change of body weight in acupuncture group : We could see significance after 3 days (p<0.05) and after 7 days (p<0.001) in body weight loss. After 9 days, all tested groups were suppressed in body weight increment. 3. Result of organ weight: In Palking aqua-acupuncture(D-2 group), saline group and acupuncture group there were some statistical significance. Especially, acupuncture group revealed significant result in liver and spleen than aqua-acupunctures. From this result, we could suggest that the efficacy of acupuncture was preceded herbal medicine. 4. In serum biochemical test, we examined glucose(GLU), triglyceride(TG) and cholesterol(CHOL). In comparison with control group, the diluted 10 times of hwanggum aqua-acupuncture (× 10 group) was recognized significant decrease of glucose, but the diluted 100 times of Hwanggum aqua-acupuncture (× 100 group), D-2 group, saline group were confirmed significant increment. There was not any meaningful change of CHOL in all of tested group, excepting the acupuncture group was exhibited statistically significant decrease(p<0.05). In TG level all tested group except complex injection of standard compound (CPA group) and HG, there were significant value in statistically. The diluted solution was more significant decrease than Hwanggaum aqua-acupuncture(HG). The mutual relationship of components of aqua-acupuncture tended to decrease level of TG, regardless of its concentration. In acupuncture group, we gained some interesting result in meaningful decrease in TG. 5. Haematological examination showed significant increment of gramulocytes(GR) in all tested groups except Hwanggum aqua-acupuncture. And the diluted solutions of HG expressed very high increment of them(p<0.001). The GR and Mean Corpuscular Volume(MCV) of acupuncture group showed statistical significance.

시멘틱 웹 기반의 비교구매 에이전트를 위한 동적 웹 온톨로지 시스템에 대한 연구

김수경,안기홍 한밭대학교 정보통신전문대학원 2005 정보통신전문대학원 논문집 Vol.3 No.1

기존 전자상거래 플랫폼과 컨텐츠는 데이터의 확장 및 통합이 고려되지 않은 HTML을 중심으로 한 표현 기반 기술로 되어 있고, 특히 전자상거래 사이트별로 상품 정보에 대한 분류체계가 상이함으로 인해 구매자에게 상품별 비교와 검색에 있어서 많은 시간이 낭비되고 또한 정보의 공유가 어려운 기술로 인하여 판매자와 구매자 모두의 요구를 만족시키지 못하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 최근 차세대 웹 기술로 각광받고 있는 시맨틱 웹 기반 기술인 RDF/RDFS를 이승하여 기존 이종의 상점에 제시된 상품 정보를 RDF 문서로 생성하고, Web Ontology Language(OWL)를 사용하여 상품 지식 기반 온톨로지를 구축한 뒤, RDF 문서와의 분석과 매칭을 통하여 이종의 상점에 표현된 상품을 실시간으로 비교 검색하고 동적으로 상품에 대한 지식 기반 온톨로지를 생성하는 웹 온톨로지 시스템을 설계 제안하였다. The existing e-commerce platform and contents are made of expression-based technology HTML that expansion and integration of data weren't considered. Besides, a lot of time is wasted in comparison and a retrieval of product to a buyer, because a classification System about product information is different every electronic commerce site, and cannot satisfy demand of seller and buyer all by trouble of information sharing an technology. In this paper, use the RDF/RDFS which is Semantic Web-based technology to get attention with next generation Web technology recently and it generates product information of the existing store in a RDF document, and after use OWL, and establishing product knowledge-based ontology, and through analysis and matching with a RDF document, A design proposed a System that compare a product expressed to an each e-commerce site by real time, and to retrieval and redefine product knowledge-based ontology as dynamic.

敎育自治制度 改善方案에 관한 考察

韓京洙 단국대학교 1987 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

An educational autonomy can be defined as an educational administrative system that local educational administrative institutions autonomonsly perform educational administration separated from general public administration in order to secure the professionalism and impartiality of education and to secure self-controlling educational activities. In general, it can be said that Korean educational autonomy system has been operated on the basis of the following four basic principles: 1) the principle of local decentralization, 2) the principle of civic control, 3) the principle of separation and independence from general public administration, and 4) the principle of professional management. The history of educational autonomy system in Korea can be classified into four periods. The first period, from 1945.8.15 to 1962.6.4, can be called preliminary period; the second, from 1952.6.4 to 1961.5.22, cornerstone period; the third, from 1961.5.22 to 1964.1.1, stagnation or trial period; and the last, from 1964.1.1 to now, transition period. The present system can be said the city-province based system because it is being implemented on the basis of city and provincel district. But, in the strict sense, the present system can hardly be called educational autonomy system, because it has too many problems and defects in the light of typical type of educational autonomy. The main problems of the present system are as follows. ① The local educational administrative units can not exert the self-regulatory legislative function concerning education. ② The control of central educational administrative authority on the local educational administration is going too far. ③ The degree of separation and independence of educational administration from general public administration is comparatively weak. ④ The professional qualification requirements of the educational superintendent, especially in case of city-provincal level, is insufficient. In the light of the past experience and the above mentioned problems of present system, it is considered that the educational autonomy system in Korea should be improved in line with the following guidelines. 1) Setting up the special city of Seoul, direct control cities, provinces, cities, countries and urban districts as the special corporations concering educational affairs, the board of education in each level should function as a legislative organ on educational affairs and the educational superintendent as an executive body. 2) The board of education in city and provincial level should be composed of representative members selected by each board of education of lower levels among the board members and the boss of competent local self-governing body. 3) The educational superintendent in city-provincial level should be elected by competent board of education among candidates who have at least Master Degree on educational field and five or more years of career as a teacher and four year term of service will be pertinent for the superintendent. 4) The city-county level board of education should be composed of elected members voted directly by citizens in every lower local units and the boss of competent local self-governing body. The term of service of elected members should be four years. 5) The educational superintendent in city and country level should be elected directly by citizens among candidates who have at least Master Degree on educational field and ten or more years of career as a teacher and the term of service of superintendent should be four years. 6) The superintendent in each level should be automatically a member of local parliament of the concerned local self-governing body. 7) Any member of board of education and superintendents in every level can not have membership in any political party in the view of protecting specially the political impartiality of education.

남자대학생의 흡연태도와 행동에 관한 연구

강경진,김정미,민혜영,안소진,오경숙,은경희,이현,이희선,홍주미,김수지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2003 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.37

There have been so many researches about problems of cigarettes and relation of smoking and heath since 1950's and generally known that smoking is one of the worst factor of increasing disease and mortality. No matter what such many proofs about various problems of smoking have been researched, smoking rate of current male collage students has not been decreased. Besides, most of the researches about cigarette use and its addiction have been focused on the adolescent or adult women smokers or adult male, not male collage student. Therefore, the subject of this study is about smoking attitude and smoking behavior of male collage students by general features. Smoking attitude was analyzed by modifying 'Guidelines for the content of tobacco smoking surveys of the general population'(WHO, 1982). Two hundred of male collage students participated to the distributed questionnaire for one week in May. The smoking attitude was categorized into duration of smoking and number of cigarette per day(CPD), and nicotine dependency, investigated by Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire(FTQ) (Fagerstorm & Schneider, 1989). All statistics were performed by procedure of SAS according to number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and ANOVA. The results are as follows: 1. Smoking attitude level was mean 25.73±5.15 marks, ranging from 13 to 39 marks of the total 40 marks. 2. Duration of cigarettes, number of cigarette per day, and nicotine dependency were mean 5.14±2.84 years, 12.88±6.85 pieces, and 4.78±1.69, respectively. 3. Smoking attitude showed significance according to general features such as marital state and allowance, but the significance according to marital state is not valuable because the numerical difference is so big between married one and single that they cannot be compared with each other. 4. Duration of smoking was significant according to general features such as age and allowance. 5. Smoking amount showed significance the factors of age only. 6. ll1ere was no significance in nicotine dependency according to general features. As a result, smoking attitude of male collage student in this study shows moderate level. Smoking attitude and duration is significant according to allowance, and smoking amount is significant according to age. Nicotine dependency according to general features is not significant but comparing with the preceding study about adult male, male collage students in this study are respectively more nicotine-dependent than adult male smokers. In conclusion, the right allowance usage strategies and effective heath education focused on the young are needed. In addition, helpful programs and information spreading strategies are necessary for establishing higher level of smoking attitude. At last, systemic regulations in daily living for ""anti-nico-dependent"" and perspective reforming of male university student are needed for reducing nicotine dependency.

두개안면이골증의 두 증례

류수경,강기현,고광준 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2004 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.34 No.3

Craniofacial dysostosis is considered to be one of rarely observed syndromes characterized by premature closing of all cranial sutures. The first patient was a 4-year-old male infant who had been complaining of empyema. Clinical findings showed exophthalmos, hypertelorism and facial asymmetry. Conventional radiographs demonstrated abscence of cranial sutures and underdeveloped maxilla. CT scan demonstrated the digital impressions of the inner surface of the cranial vault, enlarged and depressed sella turcica. The second patient was a 2-year-old female infant who had been complaining of facial deformity. Clinical findings showed hypertelorism and underdeveloped maxilla. Radiographs showed premature synostosis of all cranial sutures, depressed and enlarged sella turcica, and hypoplastic maxilla. 3 years after operation, her look improved. However, resurgery may be considered to decreasing intracranial pressure and for correction of facial deformity. Two interesting cases showing ‘cloverleaf’ skulls were presented.