재가노인들을 위한 무료급식소의 식단 평가

한경희,채인숙,박정숙,최미숙,정순둘 한국식생활문화학회 2002 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.17 No.5

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diet quality of the menus delivered by 17 free meal service centers for the low-income home-bound elderly in Chung- cheong buk-Do. Statistical data analysis was compleleted using the SPSS package program for descriptive analysis, T-test, and ANOVA. The meals offered by free meal service centers were not met the 1/3 recommended dietary allowances in calcium and vitamin B_2. There were significant differences between dependent variables(nutrient content, nutrient density, nutrient deficiency, NAR, MAR, food group intake patterns) and independent variables (operation type, operation status, operation period, nutritionist, food cost).

환자, 간호사, 의사가 지각하는 교육요구도와 교육제공정도에 관한 연구

박인숙,문영숙,조미경,최은숙,이경숙,정길수 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1994 충남의대잡지 Vol.21 No.2

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic data for the planning of education of patients by exploring and comparing patients', nurses' and doctors' perception of the educational needs and degree of providing education. 66 hospitalized patients undergoing chemotherapy and 44 nurses, 42 doctors assigned for the direct care were sampled in 1 university hospital in Taejon from August 30, 1993 to September 30, 1993. For the comparing patients', nurses' and doctors' perecption of the educational needs and degree of providing education, the researcher used Kims' Educational need scale which is composed of 20 item Likert type 5 point scale. Data were analyzed by means of percentile score, SPSS, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation. The result were as follows 1. Comparision of total Mean score patients', nurses' and doctors' perception of the educational need ordering nurses(M=4.0465), patients (M=3.9803), doctors (M=3.8309). The difference between the three group's total Mean score is showed no statistical significant difference. 2. Comparision of total Mean score patients' educational need, patients' percetion of nurses' and doctors' degree of providing education, patients' educational need is scored 3.9803, patients' perception of nurse is scored 2.3431, patients' perception of doctor is scored 2.5022. The difference between the patients' educational need and medical teams' degree of providing education is showed statistical significant difference(P<.001). 3. Comparision of total mean score nurses' educational need is scored 4.0465, nurses' perception of nurses' degree of providing education is scored 2.9920, patients' perception of nurses' degree of providing education is scored 2.3431. The difference of between the nurses' educational need and nurses' perception of nurses' degree of providing education is showed statistical significant difference(P<.001) 4. Comparision of total mean score doctors' educational need is scored 3.8309, doctors' perception of doctors' degree of providing eduation is scored 3.1726, patients' perception of doctors' degree of providing education is scored 2.5022. The difference of between the doctors' educational need and doctors' perception of doctors' degree of providing education is showed statistical difference(P<.001).

作動强化法을 使用한 精神遲滯兒의 行動修正에 관한 考察

鄭淑璟 東亞大學校 敎育大學院 1981 敎育大學院 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

The purpose of this study was to review the theoretical models for and reaearches on behavior modification with the mentally retarded children(MR) in order to find out the fact that behavior modification based on operant techniques can be an effective method for teaching MR proper behaviors. The initial phase of an operant program serves five functions: 1) specifying the goal, 2) defining the operations, 3) recording of observation and data, 4) spotting needs for environmental changes, and 5) identifying the reinforcers. The following items were discussed in terms of the operant techiques: 1) increasing the frequency of behavior by using positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and imitation techniques, 2) decreasing the frequency of undesirable behavior by extinction, punishment, and Time Out procedure, and 3) major parameters of reinforcement such as schedule, amount and timing of reinforcement. As an overview of operant techniques, it was discussed that how the simple S-R connections are shaped up to become complex and functional units: 1) stimlus-control and 2) shaping and chaining. There are three limitations in the application of behavior modification to MR: 1) learning theory does not guide the teacher in determining educational goals, 2) a view of exclusively extrinsic motivation is limiting in scope, and 3) operational definition of reinforcement ignores certain cognitive aspects of reinforcement. As a result of this study, it was found that most of the researches reviewed had been greatly successful in changing the bahavior of MR inspite of the fact that the operant techniques have several limitations in practical applications. It is suggested that research in this field be directed toward the generalization and self-control of the mentally retarded childen in the future.

江原道 踏査記 : 地形을 中心으로

鄭京淑 梨花女子大學校 師範大學 社會生活科 1962 綠友硏究論集 Vol.- No.4

한국 여성운동과 걸스카우트운동 : 과거·현재·미래 Yesterday, Present and Tomorrow

정세화,이동원,김미숙,박진숙,장화경,홍승아 이화여대 한국여성연구소 1988 여성학논집 Vol.5 No.-

One of the major implications of women's movements seems to lie in the fact that it tends to promote women's consciousness-raising and, thus, heighten social status of women in general. It would be very much the case when discussion centers around the emergence of Korean women's movements in modern sense. Due to the socio-political atmospheres of the lathe 19th century Korean society, its basic characteristics owe to strong tones of patriotic nationalism under the slogan of "learning is might enough to deal with the imperialistic foreign powers of the time." As such, ever since the introduction of women's enlightenment movements of the time, Korean women's movements have provided for the advancement of egalitarian society. However, assessing the effectiveness of programs that are practiced by the existing women's organizations in Korea, it deserves mention in that most programs are for the adult female members, assuming it would only be applicable to those adults. In this regard, it can be said that the Korean Girl Scout organization has worked a unique role to make up such voids in women's movements - most programs developed and exercised by the Girl Scout are reserved for those young girls. For instance, special activities like social services, field campaigns, and international gatherings would definitely work a profound impact in the formation of gender-role stereotypes of the youth. The present study tries to examine the Korean Girl Scout movement being the case of women's movement organization. Discussion will cover such topics as; historical reviews of Korean Girl Scout movement, principal organizational goals and its practice in real life, and internal dynamics of members between "staffs" and the ordinary members themselves-on perceptions of the movement, evaluation of leaderships, and the future orientations of the Girl Scout, etc. Various research methods are employed. Book reviews, in-depth interviews, questionnaires, and participant observations are utilized, when the respective measurement is required. Major findings of the study can be summarized as follows: (1) Numbers of Girl Scout membership have declined since 1980, while revealing its utmost pick upto mid-70s. In terms of regional distributions of the members, both Seoul and Kyung-Nam Branches are the most prosperous. Whereas commemoration ceremonies and camping works are considered most impressive programs, membership trainings and field works are the lowest. About 70 percent of the members show their length of activities in Girl Scout less than one year. Most members are involved in the activities based on self-decision in order to have social services, club memberships, or self actualizations. They are satisfied with most of the programs, especially when participating in the social service programs. (2) As for the staff members, about half of the leaders in the headquarters are newly appointed. Whereas majority of the 'field' staffs are young (in their 20s, or 30s), other leaders are considered old (most of them are in their 40s, 50s, or 60s). Half of the leaders are involved in the activities for less than 5 years. They are recruited by either colleagues' or office seniors' recommendations. Reasons to participate in the movement are to have self-actualized or to have opportunity for social services. All in all, leaders are satisfied with the Girl Scout activities mainly because they can see their youth members progressing and developing. (3) Several issues for the better organizational managements seem to be related. prevalence of aspirational differences between leaders and members tends to cause psychological burdens. Other problematics such as lack of free communication networks, tensions due to cohort differences, authoritarian leadership styles, and financial difficulties would hinder Girl Scout movement more promising and popular to all. Based on the research findings, two major suggestions might be in order. First, underlying rationales of the Girl Scout movement should be reoriented. A special emphasis on the creation of self-supportive 'androgynous individuals' would be the case (in this regard, an intensive program targeted for those pre-school-aged members would be the most effective). As a way to achieve the strategic reformulation, reliance on the interdisciplinary program (for example, coordination with the university) will be one possibility. Secondly, an organizational management should be sufficiently considered. provisions (tangible and intangible) for the 'field leaders' being the key leader group in the Girl Scout movement should be afforded enough to keep their participations voluntary and continuous.

자기주도적 학습의 재개념화와 교사중재

정숙경 동아대학교 교육대학원 2001 동아교육논총 Vol.27 No.-

The purpose of this study was to explore an alternative conceptualization of self-directed learning focusing on internal process of learners and the way to actualize it in our teaching-learning practices, as self-directed learning has long been conceptualized with the perspectives of initiativeness of teaching-learning activities. The conceptualization up to the present parallels to behaviorism in that it did not focus on learner’s internal processes and its changes, instead it focuses on the external conditions such as planning, executing, and evaluation of learning processes. Specifically, this study explored a new conceptualization of self-directed learning which focuses on learner’s internal processes, and teacher mediation as a teaching method to realize the new concept of self-directed learning, along with functional errors and inner speech which are relevant variables to teacher mediation. The conclusions derived from this study are as follows: Firstly, self-directed learning has long been conceptualized in terms of initiativeness in teaching-learning environment, and it can be categorized as a macro-conceptualization. On the contrary, a new conceptualization can be categorized as a micro-conceptualization, since it focuses on learner’s internal processes and its changes. This new conceptualization relies its theoretical bases on Vygotsky’s zone of prozimal development, which in now called zone of maxinum response opportunity. Secondly, according to the new conceptualization, self-directed learning is a teaching-learning approach that helps learners to construct their own understanding and meaning, and helps them to reason, problem solve, and think critically about the content. Teacher mediation is a central method to achieve this goal by monitoring the cognitive process of learners and providing appropriate feedbacks to help learners climb next higher rung of the ladder through a gentle student response-teacher reaction interplay. Critical to teacher mediation is on-the-spot adjustment to content flow and complexity on the part of teacher to accomodate learners’ idiosyncratic learning needs. Thirdly, variables related to teacher mediation are functional errors and inner speech. Functional errors are incorrect but meaningful errors of learners, which play a role of logicalstepping stones that promote the level of learners’ understanding. Inner speech is an internalized form of classroom dialogues between student and teacher, and guides learners think and solve problems independently without intervention of teacher. Therefore, in self-directed learning with micro-conceptualization, teacher's scaffolding within learner's zone of maximum response opportunity should be provided using functional errors and learner's inner speech.

강릉 인근의 물응애 4미기록종

정경숙,김일희 江陵大學校東海岸地域硏究所 1993 東海岸硏究 Vol.4 No.2

대관령의 산간 계류와 남대천에서 발견된 한국내 미기록 물응애류를 기재한다. 이들은 4과 4속 3종 1아종으로서 Japonothyas ornatus Imamura & Mitchell, Bandakia japonica Imamura, Hygrobates taniguchii Imamura 및 Feltria cornuta japonica Imamura이다. Water mites from the mountainous streams in Taekwanryong and Namdaechon brook near Kangreung were examined taxonomically. Of which, four species or subspecies, belonging to 4 families and 4 genera, to be described below, were found for the first time from Korea. They are: Japonothyas ornatus Imamura; Bandakia japonica Imamura; Hygrobates taniguchii Imamura, and Feltria cornuta japonica Imamura.

구성주의의 교육적 함의 탐색

정숙경 東亞大學校 學生生活硏究所 1997 學生硏究 Vol.20 No.-

An emerging trend in instructional research and practices is to provide learning environments which give more, control to learners, on the basis of constructivistic assumption that regards learning as an individual constructing process mediated internally by learners in their experiential contexts. This study attempted to analyze the teaming theories underlying instructional technology and its behavioral and cognitive foundations, each of which is primarily objectivistic, contrasted philosophical assumptions of objectivism with constructivism, and provided implications of constructivism for instructional theories and practices. The conclusions of this study are as follows: 1. Descriptive learning theories that support prescriptive instructional theories underwent a pradigm shift from behaviorism to cognitivism. Behaviorism assumes that learning is a change in the behavorial disposition of an organism which can be shaped by selective reinforcement, and excludes the mental operations in the learning process. On the contrary, cognitivism sees the mind as the agent of learning, and is concerned with what learners know and how they acquire it. Instructional technology envolved with a behaviorist foundation and was influenced by many of the behaviorist's assumptions. Yet, many of the cognitivist's assumptions also are currently accomodated in this area. Even though the two positions have different theoretical assumptions, they are common in that both approaches try to simplyfy the learning tasks in order to make instruction more efficent. Therefore, it can be said that no pradigm shift has occured in instructional theories and practices. 2. The ways individuals conceptualize reality can be devided into objectivism and constructivism. Objectivism believes in the existence of the real world as well as that of reliable knowledge external to humans and assumes that individuals all gain the same understanding, while constructivism belives that reality is in the mind of the knower and the knower constructs or at least interpretes a reality based upon his or her apperceptions. Behavioral psychology, cognitive science, and current instructional technology all are firmly rooted in objectivism. 3. Implications of constructivism for educational practices can be identified concerning two aspects, general direction and curriculum changes. Constructivist values suggest that educational practices should support the development of ability to self-regulate learning by increasing emphasis on the affective domain of learning and by helping learners develop skills, attitudes, and belief that support self-regulation of the learning process. Curriculum changes that could result by accomodating costructivistic assumptions are: Instructional objectives would be negotiated; Task analysis would focus less on prescribing a single, best sequence for learning; The goal of instruction would be less concerned with prescribing mathmagenic strategies; Evaluation of learning would become less criterion-referenced .

음악전공자의 전공활동에 따른 비만에 관한 연구

정경지,장은재,황경숙 동덕여자대학교 생활과학연구소 2008 생활과학연구 Vol.13 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between obesity and dietary habit! life style habit of major field of Music. This study was to questionnaire major of Music in detail. The subjects were the college students of music in women university which was located in Seoul. Among them, the experimental group was major in vocal music and the control group was major in piano, wind and stringed instrument. The data collection was self-recording method and anthropometric index was height and weight. The rate of obese subject determined by Body Mass Index(BMI) above 23, was 18% in the experimental group and 4.2% in the control group and the body fat of experimental group was higher than the control group. Among the dietary habit questionnaires, eating speed, amount of food eating by alone and preference of sweeten food items of the experimental group had statistical significant difference from the control group. The practice time for major field of experimental group was significantly lower than the control group(82 min vs 150 min). Hours of sleep, number of meal time, preference of special food and duration of exercise items related to the musical performance were significantly differences between the experimental group and the control group. Therefore, dietary habit and life style related to musical performance may influenced to the development of obesity.

환자들의 건강 행위와 건강 통제위가 보건 의료 가치 및 이용에 미치는 영향

정연강,박경숙,윤은자,장영미 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1994 中央醫大誌 Vol.19 No.1

This study was conducted to find out the Health Behavior and health Locus of Control of the patients, and to identify the factors influencing the value and utilization of Health Service. The data for this study obtained from 728 patients selected from Out Patient Department of Chung-Ang University Hospital in Seoul. Data was collected from Mar. 25 to June 20, 1992. Analysis of data was done by use Mean, S.D., t-test, ANOVA, Pearsons's correlation coefficient and SNK test on 5% significant level with SPSS/PC. The major findings were as follows : 1. The first hypothesis : The higher degree of Health Behavior, the higher degree of Health Values, Utilization & Health Service was rejected (P>.05). 2. The second hypothesis : The higher degree of Internal Health Locus of Control, the higher degree of Health Values, Utilization & Health Service was supported (P<.01). 3. The third hypothesis : The lower degree of External Health Locus of Control, the higher degree of Health Values, Utilization & Health Service was supported (P<.00). 4. Health behavior was Influenced by educational level, and External Health Locus of Control was Influenced by occupation, educational level, religion, age and income, Health Values and general characteristics in the relationship between occupation, educational level, religion, age, income and economic status are showed significant(P<.05).