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신혁수, 김동범, 박진근, 이인환, 조해용 충북대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2013 산업과학기술연구 논문집 Vol.27 No.2
A valve spring retainer is a small disc and located at intake and exhaust valve stem of engine. The retainer supports a valve spring and transmits spring force to a valve. Force is applied to the retainer repeatedly by a rocker arm. Durability of the retainer is an important factor of performance. Weight of retainer affect dynamic performance of engine. Therefore, optimal strength and weight of the retainer design are needed. In this study, stress distribution and fracture load of retainer were analyzed by using FEM to design optimal strength and weight. Static load test was simulated by using commercial FEM code DEFORM-3D. Shapes of the retainer to reduce weight were designed and analyzed to verify validity of it. Simulated results and experimental ones were compared
조태현,송준혁,김명현,박향권,김성학,신규만,박동빈 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 2000 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.23 No.3
Objectives : Lumbar disc herniations at the L1-L2, L2-L3, and L3-L4 level are rare. The purpose of this study is to observe the variable clinical finding of upper lumbar disc herniations and to provide proper treatment modality. Patients and Methods : Between 1998 Jan. and 1999 Dec., seventeen patients with upper lumbar disc herniations who were undergone surgery in our institute were retrospectively evaluated. Patients were evaluated based on following factors : age, sex, aggravating factor, symptoms and signs type of disc herniation, type of surgery, and outcome of post-surgery. Results : The incidence of lumbar disc herniation at the level of L1-2, L2-3 and L3-4 is 6.1% with declining frequency as the level ascends. The peak age incidence is 6th decade in both sex. Preoperative symptomes and signs are variabe. In sixteen cases, posterior approach was done. In these cases, twelve cases were performed microscopic partial hemilaminectomy, and four cases with spinal stenosis were performed total laminectomy and posterior screw fixation with bone fusion. In one case, lateral extracavitary approach was done. In results of operation, fourteen cases showed more than good grade(82%). Conclusion : The age incidence of lumbar disc herniations at the level of L1-2, L2-3 and L3-4 older than lumbar disc herniations at the lower level of L4-5 and L5-S1. The signs and symptoms are variable. In our cases, most of the patients were performed posterior approach with microscopic partial hemilaminectomy except the patients combined spinal stenosis. One case was performed a lateral extracavitary approach because the risk of the cord and cauda equina injuries. The prognosis of upper lumbar disc herniations after treatment with only microscopic partial hemilaminectomy and diskectomy is comparable with the prognosis of lumbar disc herniations at the lower level.
Diabetes Mellitus and the Risk of Fracture
Dong Hyeok Cho,Jin Ook Chung,정민영,정동진 대한골다공증학회 2010 Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Vol.8 No.3
The bone mass is known to be decreased in patients with type 1 diabetes, and this is primarily due to osteoblastic dysfunction. A number of epidemiologic studies have consistently shown a significantly higher risk of fractures in type 1 diabetic patients as compared to that of healthy subjects. The data on bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with type 2 diabetes has been inconsistent. However, many recent epidemiologic studies have shown that the osteoporotic fracture risk, and especially at the hip, is also increased in patients with type 2 diabetes, and even in patients with normal or higher BMD. Meanwhile, several studies have shown higher bone mass and a lower fracture risk in subjects with recent onset type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance with hyperinsulinemia. Poor bone quality and an increased risk of falling are thought to be important contributing factors for the higher fracture risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. Collagen overglycosylation by accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) is thought to be one of the possible mechanisms underlying poor bone quality. The risk of falling in patients with diabetes is increased due to hypoglycemia, visual impairment from retinopathy and cataracts, altered balance, gait problems due to neuropathy and foot ulcers, associated cardiovascular diseases and medication use. Insulin-sensitizing agents, such as thiazolidinediones, are also associated with a higher fracture risk through an increase in bone marrow adiposity and a decrease in osteoblastogenesis. Because diabetes and osteoporosis are highly prevalent chronic diseases in the aging population and the incidences are increasing worldwide, understanding the risk factors that predispose patients to such conditions is very important. On considering the potential mechanisms associated with bone metabolism, adequate glycemic control while minimizing the episodes of hypoglycemia is the most important first step in the medical management to prevent osteoporotic fractures in patients with diabetes.
김동혁 ( Kim Dong Hyeok ),조준호 ( Cho Jun Ho ) 한국체육사학회 2021 체육사학회지 Vol.26 No.3
본 연구는 조오련의 삶을 연구하여 그의 체육사적 발자취를 살펴보고자 하였다. 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조오련은 전남해남에서 5남 5녀의 막내로 태어나 고1 때 서울로 상경, YMCA 수영장에서 장형숙의 지도로 수영계에 입문했다. 전국체전 서울시 대표 선발전에 출전한 그는 자유형 400M와 1500M에서 1위를 차지, 민관식에게 발탁되었다. 둘째, 태릉선수촌에 입촌한 그는 꾸준히 성장하여 아시아경기대회의 국가대표로 선발, 1970년과 1974년 아시아경기대회를 2관왕, 2연패하였다. 1978년 아시아경기대회의 접영 동메달을 획득한 그는 현역선수 시절 총 50개의 신기록을 작성하고 은퇴하였다. 셋째, 그는 대한해협 횡단, 도버해협 횡단, 한강 700리 종주, 울릉도 독도 횡단, 독도 33회 회영 등에 성공하며 국가에 대한 애국심과 자긍심을 드높였다. 그는 국민이 어렵던 시절, 수영을 통해 국위를 선양했고 국민에게 꿈과 희망을 준 아시아의 물개였다. The purpose of this study is to examine the life of Cho Oh-Ryun, and to examine his footsteps on the history of athletics. The followings are the results. First, he was born as the youngest of five sons and five daughters in Haenam, Jeollanam-do. He came to Seoul when he was a first grader at a high school and entered the world of swimming under the guidance of Jang Hyung-sook at the YMCA swimming pool. He participated in the Competition to select a swimmer representing Seoul Team for the National Athletic Meeting. He won the first place in the 400M and 1500M freestyle and got an opportunity to be patronized by Min Gwan-sik. Second, After entering the Taereung Athlete's Village, he grew steadily and was selected as the national swimmer at the Asian Games, winning two gold medals in two consecutive Asian Games in the 1970 and 1974. After winning the bronze medal in the butterfly at the 1978 Asian Games, he retired with a total of 50 new records in his career. Third, Since then, he has succeeded in crossing the Korea Strait, the Dover Strait, traversing the Han River 274.9km, crossing Ulleungdo and Dokdo, and swimming to Dokdo 33 times, raising patriotism and national pride. He is a swimmer who raised national prestige through swimming during difficult times for the people and gave the people dream and confidence as his nickname such as the Asian Seal.