유기 단열재의 화재위험성 등급 평가

유지선 ( Ji Sun You ),전남 ( Nam Jeon ),정영진 ( Yeong-jin Chung ) 한국공업화학회 2021 공업화학 Vol.32 No.4

본 연구에서는 유기 단열재인 poly isocyanurate foam (PIR), poly urethane foam (PUR), phenol foam (PF)을 선정하여 ISO 5660-1의 기준에 따라 콘칼로리미터(cone calorimeter)를 이용하여 측정하였다. 화재위험성 평가를 표준화하기 위하여 기준물질(PMMA)을 사용하여 Chung’s equations-III와 Chung's equation-IV에 의한 화재위험성을 등급화하여 평가하였다. Chung’s equations-II의 화재성능지수-II 값은 PF가 14.77 s²/kW로 화재성능지수-II가 가장 높았고, PUR이 0.08 s²/kW로 화재성능지수-II가 가장 낮았다. 화재성장지수-II 값은 PF가 0.01 kW/s²로 화재성장지수-II가 가장 낮았고, PUR 이 1.14 kW/s²로 화재성장지수-II가 가장 높았다. Chung’s equations-III의 화재성능지수-III에서 PUR이 0.11로 화재성능 지수-III가 가장 낮게 나타났고, PF가 20.23으로 화재성능지수-III가 가장 높았다. FGI-III에서는 PUR이 14.25로 화재성장지수-III가 가장 높게 나타났고, PF가 0.13으로 가장 안전한 물질로 판단하였다. 그리고 Chung’s equation-IV의 화재위험성지수-IV는 PUR (130.03) >> PIR (19.13) > PMMA (1.00) > PF (0.01)의 순서로 나타났다. 따라서 PF가 화재위험성이 가장 낮고, PUR이 가장 높은 것으로 판단하였다. In this study, poly isocyanurate foam (PIR), poly urethane foam (PUR), and phenol foam (PF) of organic insulation materials were selected, and investigated using a cone calorimeter, as per ISO 5660-1. Standard materials (PMMA) were used to standardize the fire hazard assessment, and the fire risk was classified and evaluated by Chung’s equations-III and IV. The fire performance index-II value of Chung’s equations-II was the highest value with PF of 14.77 s²/kW. And the PUR was 0.08 s²/kW, the lowest value of fire performance index-II value. The fire growth index-II value was the lowest value with PF of 0.01 kW/s². And the PUR was 1.14 kW/s², the highest value of fire growth index-II value. The fire performance index-III (FPI-III) of Chung’s equations-III had the lowest value for PUR (0.11) and the highest for PF (20.23). The PUR showed the highest value of the fire growth index-III (FGI-III) as 14.25, while the PF exhibited 0.13 regarded as the safest materials. The fire risk index-IV (FRI-IV) value of Chung’s equation-IV was in the following order: PUR (130.03) >> PIR (19.13) > PMMA (1.00) > PF (0.01). Therefore, it was concluded that the fire risk associated with PF is the lowest, whereas that associated with PUR is the highest.

설화(이야기) 문학과 국어교육

류증선 安東敎育大學 1968 論文集 Vol.1 No.1

The desire to pursue pleasure by telling a story is but natural to human nature, and especially children grow up dreaming by telling stories. In Korean texts of primary school, the materials of stories were composed of 33% in it. By the idea of aminism, the ancient person thought that the things had their lives and Ma¨rchen is the way of explaining theothings by science, philosophy and literature. The most basic theory about the Origin of mythology is Tylor's aminism. It is the basic idea of ancient religious faith and its outstanding idea is the worship of the sun. By the effect of utilitarian idea of Confucianism, Korean mythology is very scanty but is characterized by the oviparous mythology, for the foundation of Korea and the idea to worship mountains is especially characterized by the worship of the sun. To be the centre of Korean tradition is ethics and morality, and patriotism, and also is characterized by tradition of higher public service examination, keesaong-girl, supar human being, Taoist. , tiger and dragon, and so on. Fairy tale is moral talkes reproving vice and rewarding virtue and by the tradition of tiger and chinsen, the idea of divine sprits can be seen. The idea to depend upon God, Budist, Heaven and Sun grew stronger. In text, there are meterials of ethics and morals but there are materials for patriotism, science and industrials very few. The foreign meterials are composed of 44% in it and it is necessary to consider that the subjectivity of our nation should be promoted. From this point of view, Korean language of education is the way how to extend education of literature. It should be adapted for the fairy tale that a story which inspired children built up there personalities. In other words, it means the impression which was got from works gave the readers profit. Therefore in developed foreign country, paying attention to this point. They made a way to set up the leterature course in the their native language course. Here in Korea, it seems to be too early and to be lofty object to purpose but if understanding education of literature we must attend to try it.

친환경주거의 계획 및 기술요소 적용특성에 대한 한ㆍ일 사례비교

정유선,유복희,남규현,윤정숙 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.9

The purpose of this study is to accumulate basic data to establish planning direction and planning factors for the environment-friendly apartment complex by clarifying general concept and mark of It For this purpose, the field study has been conducted to the environment-friendly apartment complex m Korea and Japan The major findings of this study are as follows, 1) The basic concept of planning factors for environment-friendly apartment complex are natural harmony, Improvement of residents' health & amenity, energy & resources saving and response to the social change 2) For Japan, the planning factors and technical elements for the environment-friendly apartment complex were applied In the whole range of apartment complex with various and Positive methods For Korea, On the other hand, application of the planning factors of energy saving, resources saving and minimizing environment pollution was insufficient 3) To rectify vulnerability of environment-friendly apartment complex in Korea, It is necessary to establish applicable planning factors and technical elements fitting in with our actual condition, to bring up of environment-friendly housing by support of government and to make effort to spread necessity for It

水槽中에서 BHC의 運命豫測

兪善在,朴情吉 군산대학교 1991 群山水産專門大學 硏究報告 Vol.25 No.2

Aquatic system added α, β, γ-Benzenhexaehloride was applied to evaluated the ability of steady state equilibrium partition model. The results from this study could be summarized as follows ; 1.Observed water concentrations of BHC were good agreement with calculated values. 2.In biota(Cyprinus carpio) and sediment, the observed concentrations for initial seven days were lower than calculated values, because of necessity of detention time to reach steady state. 3.In biota, the concentration of α, β, γ-BHC were higher than other compartment but the amount of BHC was below 5%. The most of added BHC presented in the sediment. 4.The predicability of concentration and distribution of BHC by this model were consequently confirmed in Aquatic syste.

일부 고등학생들의 체중지각에 따른 BMI, WHR, 생활습관, 신체상, 사회적 지지에 관한 조사 연구

박충선,한유정 慶熙大學校 大學院 1998 高凰論集 Vol.22 No.-

The purpose of the survey was to identify the degrees of BMI, WHR, lifestyles, body image, social support in highschool student, and to identify the relationships among those variables, and to identify the differences among these variables according to perception of the their body weight. The data was collected from 166 highschool student in Chun-nam area. The data was gathered by self report questionnaire from July 15 to 30, 1997. The questionnaire was modified by authors on the basic of results of literature rewiew. Data was analyzed by using the statistical computer package, SAS to manipulate the data along with percentages, means, standard deviation, t-test, x^2-test, GLM, and Pearson correlation coeffiency. The results in this study were summarized as follows: -sex(k^2=17.98, p=0.000) and weight(k^2=36.83, p=0.000) showed significant differences according to perception of the their body weight. -'irregular meal time' showed significant differences according to grade(k^2=4.86, p=0.027) and perception of the their body weight(k^2=6.30, p=0.043). -Those who had higher BMI showed more positive WHR age, and showed statistical significance in total(WHR:r=0.46, p=0.000, age:(r=0.18, p=0.024). -Those who had higher WHR showed more negative smoking, drinking, and showed statistical significance in total(smoking:r=0.27, p=0.001, drinking:r=0.17, p=0.031). -Those who had higher body image showed more positive social support, and showed statistical significance in total(r=0.29, p=0.000) -The mean score of body weight(t=-2.18, p=0.033), BMI(t=-2.04, p=0.045), and WHR(t=-2.02, p=0.047) showed significant diffrence according to grade in boys. -The mean score of BMI(F=36.68, p=0.000), WHR(F=7.13, p=0.002) showed significant difference according to perception of the their body weight in boys.

초기계태에서 valproic acid에 의한 신경관 기형 : 입체현미경적 관찰

김동호,조무연,정유남,최영주,이종선,민경수,이무섭 충북대학교 의학연구소 2000 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.10 No.1

연구목적 ' 항경련제인 valproic acid가 초기계태의 신경관 형성에 영향을 주는 기형유발에 대해 입체현미경하에서 관찰하였다 연구재 료 및 방법 : 백색의 Leghorn의 신선한 수정란을 30-35시간 동안 배양하여 Hamburger & Hamilton 기 5-10기의 초기 계태를 천공 필터를 이용하여 분리하여 6-30시간 동안 CO2 세포 배양기에서 배양하였고 무작위로 대조군과 실험군을 분류하였다. 실험군은 valproic acid 의 RPMI culture media 의 농도에 따라 100 ㎍/㎖, 200 ㎍/㎖, 500 ㎍/㎖, 1000 ㎍/㎖ 네가지 군으로 분리하였다. 각각의 대조군과 valproic acid를 처치한 실험군에서 입체 현미경하에서 초기계태의 신경관 형성의 형태학적인 특징과 기형형성의 빈도를 비교하였다. 결과: valproic acid가 없는 RPMI media에서 배양된 대조군은 24개의 계태는 22(91.7%)개는 정상으로 자랐으며 2(8.3%)개는 비정상으로 자랐다 이에 반하여 valproic acid가 처치된 RPMI media에서 배양된 72개의 계태는 42(58.3%)개가 비정상으로 자랐다. 주로 확인된 이상 형태는 신경주름의 변형. 신경관 폐쇄부전, 체절의 장애 및 발육 정지 등 이었다. 계태의 기형 형성은 valproic acid의 농도에 비례하여 증가하였다. valproic acrid 의 농도가 100 ㎍/㎖인 경우 18개 계태 중 2(11.1%)개에서 경미한 신경관 기형이 나타났으며 200 ㎍/㎖인 경우 18개 계태 중 11(61,1%)개는 정상, 7(38.9%)개는 명백한 신경관 기형이 나타났으며 500 ㎍/㎖인 경우 18개의 계태 중 5(27.8%)개는 정상. 13(72.2%)개는 명백한 신경관 기형을 나타냈다. 1000 ㎍/㎖인 경우 18(100%)개 모두 심한 신경관 기형이 나타났다. 결론: valproic acid는 초기계태에서 신경관 기형을 유발 했는데 저농도에서는 일부 경미한 신경관 이상을 보였고 고농도에서는 대부분 심한 신경관 손상을 동반하고 성장 속도가 둔화되어 약 용량의 증가에 따라 기형이 증가되는 dose-dependent manner 로 그 영향이 나타났다. Purpose : The teratogeruc effects of valproic acid widely used as anticonvulsant on the neurulation of the explanted eraly chick embryos were observed by the stereoscope. Materials and Methods: Fresh fertilized white leghorn hen eggs were incubated for 30-35 hours in an e99 incubator. The Hamburger and Hamilton stage 5-10 chick embryos were explanted using the punched-out filter paper explantation technique and cultured in the CO2 cell culture incubator for 6-30 hours. They were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group. The experimental group was divided into four subgroups according to the valproic acid concentrations of 100 ㎍/㎖, 200 ㎍/㎖, 500 ㎍/㎖, 1000 ㎍/㎖ with which the RPMI culture media were treated. The morphological characteristics and the incidences of teratogenic effects on the neurulation of early chick embryos in the control and experimental groups were compared with each other using the stereomicroscope. Results : Of the 24 chick embryos cultured in the RPMI media without valproic acrid, 22 embryos(91.7%) developed normally, and 2 embryos (8.3%) developed abnormally, in contrast, among 72 embryos cultured in the valproic acrid-treated media, 42 embryos(58.3%) developed abnormally. The frequent anomalous features were deformities of the neural folds, failure of neural tube closure, derangement of somites, and developmental arrest. Of 18 embryos cultured in the media treated each with 100㎍/㎖ of valproic acid, 2 embryos(11.1%) showed mild abnormality of neural tube defect on stereoscopic examination. Of 18 embryos cultured 7l the media treated each with 200㎍/㎖ of valproic acid, 11 embryos(61.1%) developed normally for 20 hours and 7 embryos (38.9%) showed definite neural tube defect. Of 18 embryos cultured in the media 7reated each with 500㎍/㎖ of vaIprolc acid, 5 embryos(27.8%) developed normally (or 20 hours and 13 embryos (72.2% ) showed definite neural tube defect. Of 18 embryos cultured in the media treated each with 1000㎍/㎖ of valproic acid, 1 embryo developed normally for 4 hours but all embryos (100%) showed severe neural tube defect on whole brain after 8 hours of culture. Conclusion : Valproic acid induced mild neural tube defects in low concentration and in high concentration of valproic acid, most chick embryos developed slowly and showed severe neral tube defects. The frequency and severity of abnormal embryos ulcreased in dose-dependent manner.

8.3% Carbamide Peroxide 함유 펜 형 자가미백제인 BIancTis Forte의 색조개선 및 안전성에 관한 임상연구

이진경,민선홍,홍성태,오소람,정신혜,황영혜,유성엽,배광식,백승호,이우철,손원준,금기연 대한치과보존학회 2009 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.34 No.2

This clinical study evaluated the whitening effect and safety of polymer based-pen type BlancTis Forte(NIBEC) containing 8.3% carbamide peroxide. Twenty volunteers used the BlancTis Forte whitening agent for 2 hours twice a day for 4 weeks As a control. Whitening Effect Pen (LG) containing 3% hydrogen peroxide was used by 20 volunteers using the same protocol. The change in shade (ΔE^(*) color difference) was measured using Shadepilot™ (DeguDent) before, during and after bleaching (2 weeks, 4 weeks and postbleaching 4 weeks). A clinical examination for any side effects (tooth hypersensitivity or soft tissue complications) was also performed at each check-up. The following results were obtained. 1 Both the experimental and control groups displayed a noticeable change in shade (ΔE) of over 2 No significant differences were found between the two group (p>0.05) implying that the two agents have a similar whitening effect. 2 The whitening effect was mainly due to changes in a and b values rather than in L value (brightness). The experimental group showed a significantly higher change in b value thus yellow shade than the control(p < 0.05) 3 None of the participants complained of tooth hypersensitivity or soft tissue complications confirming the safety of both whitening agents 8.3%의 carbamide peroxide를 함유한 펜형 코팅용 미백제인 BlancTis Forte (NIBEC, Seosul & JinCheon)를 실험군으로, 3% hydrogen peroxide를 함유한글 Whitening Effect Pen (LG. Seoul) 제재를 대조군으로 각각 피험자 20명에게 2시간씩 1일 2회 제조사의 지시대로 치아표면에 4주간 적용하도록 지시하고 색조개선 효능과 안전성을 평가하였다. 미백 효과는 미백 전 및 미백 2주, 4주 및 미백 종료 4주 후에 Shadopilot™을 이용하여 색 변화를 측정하였고, 매 내원시기마다 모든 환자는 치수생활력 검사와 치주 및 치태 검사를 통해 부작용 여부 (치아과민증 및 구감 내 연조직의 부작용)를 기록한 후 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1.실험군 및 대조군의 색 변화량 (ΔE)은 2이상으로 인지할 수 있는 색 변화를 보였으며, 두 제품 간에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않아 (p > 0.05) 유사한 미백효능을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 2,미백효과는 명도의 개선보다는 주로 a. b값의 변화에 의한 것으로 특히 실험군에서 b값의 변화, 즉 황색조의 개선효과가 대조군에 비해 유의성 있게 높은 것으로 나타났다 (p <0.05). 3.치아나 치은의 과민증이나 이상증상을 호소하는 피험자는 없어 두 제품 모두 안전성을 확인할 수 있었다.

청소년의 성에 대한 지식, 태도에 관한 연구 -전남 지역 일부 중학교 1학년 대상으로-

박충선,한유정,Park Chung Sun,Han You Jeong 한국아동간호학회 1997 Child Health Nursing Research Vol.3 No.1

The purpose of the survey was to Identify the degree and the relationship of sexual knowledge, sexual attitude. This information will provide useful data for a more systematic, desirable, and practical sex education. The data was collected from 187 first grade schoolchildren(95 boys and 92 girls) of two Junior high school in Chun-nam area. The data was gathered by questionnaire from Oct. 1 to 15, 1996. The questionnaire was modified by authors using the questionnaire developed by You-Jeong, Han (1996). Data was analyzed by using the statistical computer package, SAS to manipulate the data along with percentages, means, standard deviation, t-test, χ²-test, GLM, and Pearson correlation coeffiency. The results in this study were summarized as follows: 1. Sex related knowledges.-The mean score of sex related knowledges showed significant differences between boys and girls (boys : 22.3, girls .21.0, p<0.025), and in the area of pregnancy & delivary(boys : 9.4, girls : 7.9, P<0.000) showed significant difference between boys and girls, but in the area of physical differeces of the other sex(boys : 12.9, girls ; 13.1, p<0.551) showed no significant difference between boys and girls. 2. Sex related attitudes.-The mean score of sex related altitudes showed significant difference between boys and girls (boys : 56.7, girls : 60.5, p<0.002) and in the area of psychological difference the other sex(boys 28.9, girls : 32.5, p<but in the areas of form of friendship with the other sex(boys : 11.5, girls : 11.2, p<0.335), sexual delinquency & its prevention(hys : 16.3, girls : 16.9, p<0.171) showed no significant difference between boys and girls 3. The relationships between sex related know ledges and sex related attitudes.-Those who had higher sex related knowledges showed more positive attitudes towards sex, and showed no statistical significance (r=0.08, p<0.286) 4. Differences of the sex related knowledges ac cording to general characteristics.-The students had disease experience, health interest and more school performance had higher knowledge scores about sex. 5. Differences of the sex related attitudes accord ing to general characteristics. Those who were in high school performance had higher attitude scores about sex as well. From the result of the study, it is recomended to develop systematic sex education through formal school education acorrding to age.

원형 탈모증의 임상적 고찰 ( 1996 - 2000 ) ( 제 4 보 )

탁우정(Woo Jung Tak),정유선(You Sun Chung),노병인(Byung In Ro) 대한피부과학회 2002 대한피부과학회지 Vol.40 No.7

N/A Background : Alopecia areata patients has recently increased in number. The clinical features and therapeutic results of alopecia areata are diverse and unpredictable. Objective : We, the authors, performed a study on alopecia areata in order to evaluate the clinical manifestations and compare the efficacies of treatment with intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide suspension, immunotherapy with diphenylcyclopropenone(DPCP), and photochemotherapy with psoralen plus UVA(PUVA). Methods : A clinical study of 732 patients with alopecia areata including 33 cases of alopecia totalis and 46 cases of alopecia universalis was performed for 5 years, since March, 1996 to February, 2001 who visited to Alopecia Clinic at the Department of Dermatology, Collage of Medicine, Chung-Ang University. Results 1) The age distribution showed a peak incidence in the third decade(29.1%) and the mean age was 26.8 years and 136 cases(18.6%) showed alopecia areata in patients below 10 years old. 2) Previous episodes of alopecia were observed in 173 cases(23.6%) and 58 cases(7,9%) had family history of alopecia areata. 3) The most common site was the occipital region in both male and female patients, which were 251 cases(38.4%) and 218 cases(33.4%) respectively. 4) Associated diseases with alopecia areata included seborrheic dermatitis(97 cases), allergic contact dermatitis(25 cases), liver disease(22 cases), hypertension(18 cases), diabetes mellitus(16 cases), urticaria(16 cases), atopic dermatitis(l4 cases) and thyroid disease(8 cases). 5) The efficacies of treatment modality had no statistical differences in DPCP immunotherapy, intralesional triamcinolone injection or photochemothrapy. Conclusion : There was no noticeable differences compared to previous studies on alopecia areata, except that increasing tendency of severe, recurrent, and refractory alopecia areata and number of chilclhood patients.

보건간호활동으로 추진한 노인건강증진 프로그램

유인영(In-Young Yoo),조정민(Chung0Min Cho),최영숙(Young-Sook Choi),정문희(Moon-Hee Jung),김미혜(Mi-Hye Kim),유광수(Kwang-Soo You),윤숙례(Suk-Rye Yoon),한명화(Myung-Hwa Han),최선하(Sun-Ha Choi),하영(Young Ha),김규성(Kyu-Sung Kim),이현주 한국보건간호학회 1997 韓國保健看護學會誌 Vol.11 No.1