소양호 유역과 가두리로부터의 인부하량 및 인수지 : Phosphorus Budget

허우명,김범철,안태석,이기종 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1993 環境硏究 Vol.10 No.-

Phosphorus loading into Lake Soyang was estimated by determining phosphorus input via runoff of drainage basin and the phosphorus discharge from floating-net fishfarms within the lake. The loading from drainage basin was determined by measur-ing total phosphorus concentration in the main inflowing stream, Syang River, from July 1990 to May 1992. Because the total phosphorus concentration and the flow rate of Soyang River was high in flood period, most of phosphorus loading was concentrated in rainy season. Phosphorus discharge of fishfarms was estimated from the amount of fishfeed applied annually and the unit rate of phosphorus excretion per feed weight. The loading from the watershed and fishfarms were calculated to be 104 and 48 tP/yr, respectively. Both combined, the phosphorus loading of Lake Soyang far exceeded the critical loading for eutrophication. The amount of phosphorus was 0.59.

낙동강 수계의 인, 질소 및 Chl.a 농도 분포 : The distributions of phosphorus, nitrogen, and chlorophyll a concentration in the Nakdong River

허우명,김범철,황길순,최광순,박원규 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1996 環境硏究 Vol.13 No.-

The longitudinal variations of water quality along the mainstream of the Nak-ding River from May 1994 to October was surveyed by the measurement of chl-orophyll a, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, dissolved inorganic phosphorus, nitrate-nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen concentration, and secchi disc transparancy. Chl. a, TP, TN, DIP, NO_(3) and NH_(3)-N concentration was maintained at high level during the investigation period. And they also showed the peak after the input of Kumho River. Chl. a concentration was increased from 14.2㎎/㎥ in May to 95.2 in October. TP ane TN concentration was maintained always above 100㎎/㎥ and 3~4㎎N/l, respectively. TN/TP ratio were less than 16 from June to September with a few exceptions. Therefore, nitrogen is the limit-ing nutrient in the Nakdong River. Trophic states were in the range of eutrophic to hypertrophic, from 60 to80.

동해안 석호의 육수학적 조사(1): 청초호

허우명,이상균,권상용,김동진,김범철 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 2001 環境硏究 Vol.18 No.-

Water quality and pollution state of Lake Chungcho were evaluated during three years from 1998 to 2000. We surveyed physicochemical parameters, and TSI(trophic state index) was calculated using TP, Chl. a, and SD(secchi disc transparency) data of growing season average. Water samples were collected bimonthly except freezing season. During the study period, total annual precipitation in 1998, 1999 and 2000 year was 1,797, 1,722 and 1,345 mm, respectively. Salinity and conductivity were high (29.3±5.5 ppt, and 45,105±7,585 μS/cm) then other lagoons in the Eastern Coast of Korea. Chemocline was formed by salinity at 0.5~1.5m water depth. As a result of this, DO concentration of hypolimnion was below 3.0 mgO₂/L. Especially, when intense chemocline was formed, temperature of hypolimnion was higher than epilimnion. Secchi disc transparency, chlorophyll a, and COD were 0.8±0.3m, 15.7±20.7 mg/㎥, and 3.1±0.8 mgO₂/L, respecively. Most of TN/TP ratios below 20, but concentration of TN and TP was high. Values of TSI ranged between 59 and 77, indicating a eutrophic condition in this system.

소양호 유역에서 비점오염원의 홍수유출과 오염수괴의 호수내 이동

허우명,김범철,김윤희,최광순 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1998 環境硏究 Vol.15 No.-

In Korea most of nutrient tending into lakes is concentrated in stormy seasons. Phosphorus lording and transport of turbid storm runoff water was investigated in a reservoir, Lake Soyang, Korea. Concentration of phosphorus was measured at ten meter intervals on the monthly babe in dry seasons and biweekly in stormy seasons. The loading from drainage basin was determined by measuring total phosphorus (TP)concentration in the main in flowing stream, the Soyang River. Because total phosphorus concentration and flow rate of the Soyang River was high in flood period, most of annual phosphorus tending was concentrated in several sporadic storm runoff. In July of 181)8 phosphorus input was 418 tP/month. It was much higher than that in June, 6.0 tP/month. 10% of annual total phosphorus input was discharged through outlet during the period from ,lune to October. Turbidity was much higher(2~ 78 NTU) in stormy seasons than in dry seasons (1 ~ 9 NTU). Cold storm runoff laden with high turbidity and phosphorus flowed into metalimnion along the layer of same densify. Total phosphours concentration of intermediate turbid water ranged from 20 to 230 ?gp/m³. After stormy seasons high nutrient concentration was con-sistently observed at intermediate layer until autumn turnover. In autumn descending mixing depth caused increase of phosphorus concentration in the epilimnion.

구강외과 수술용 스텐트 기반 영상유도 수술 시스템의 개발

이우진,김대승,이원진,이삼선,최순철,허민석,허경회,김명진,이지호 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2009 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.39 No.3

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to develop a stent-based image guided surgery system and to apply it to oral and maxillofacial surgeries for anatomically complex sites. Materials and Methods : We devised a patient-specific stent for patient-to-image registration and navigation. Threedimensional positions of the reference probe and the tool probe were tracked by an optical camera system and the relative position of the handpiece drill tip to the reference probe was monitored continuously on the monitor of a PC. Using 8 landmarks for measuring accuracy, the spatial discrepancy between CT image coordinate and physical coordinate was calculated for testing the normality. Results : The accuracy over 8 anatomical landmarks showed an overall mean of 0.56±0.16 mm. The developed system was applied to a surgery for a vertical alveolar bone augmentation in right mandibular posterior area and possible interior alveolar nerve injury case of an impacted third molar. The developed system provided continuous monitoring of invisible anatomical structures during operation and 3D information for operation sites. The clinical challenge showed sufficient accuracy and availability of anatomically complex operation sites. Conclusion : The developed system showed sufficient accuracy and availability in oral and maxillofacial surgeries for anatomically complex sites. (Korean J Oral Maxillofac Radiol 2009; 39 : 149-56)

소양호에서 인의 존개 형태별 분포에 관하여 : The Distribution of Phosphorus Fractions in Lake Soyang

김범철,허우명,황길순,김동섭,최광순 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1996 環境硏究 Vol.13 No.-

The distribution of phosphorus in Lake Soyang from January 1985 to August 1992 was surveyed by the measurement of soluble reactive phosphorus(SRP), total dissolved phosphorus(DTP), and total phosphorus(TP) concentration. SRP concentration was in the range of 2~7㎎/㎥ in epilimnion, and 4~200㎎P/㎥ in hypolimnion. The vertical distribution pattern of SRP showed a large difference with the season. SRP concentration decereased during the growing season of phytoplankton in the epilimnion of Lake Soyang and increased in hypolimnion during the oxygen depletion. Higher concentration near the bottom implies they are diffused from the bottom sediment where organic particles are settled and degraded. SRP, DOP, POP and TP concentration was higher in the meralimnion of Lake Soyang in rainy season It might be related with storm runoff. General trend of TP variation is that the TP concentration of water column is increasing substantially from yeat to year. TP concentration in the surface water increased from 5㎎P/㎥ at 1985 to 20㎎P/㎥ at 1992.

남조류의 체외 대사부산물이 다른 조류의 광합성에 미치는 타감작용

김범철,허우명,황길순,안태석,심재형 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1994 環境硏究 Vol.11 No.-

The effect of cyanobacterial extracellular byproducts upon the aIgal photosynthesis was assessed to elucidate the allelopathic effect of algal blooms in eutrophic lake. Algal cultures were filtered with 0.2μm membrane filters to remove algal cells and sterilized. 0 to 30m1aliquots of filtrate were added to 25m1 culture suspensions of other algal species, and the (14)^C uptake rates wert measured. The filtrates of cyanobacterial cultures(Anabaena flos-aquae, Phormidium sp.) inhibited the photosynthesis of green algae(Selenastrum capricornutum and Scenedesmus brasiliensis), while the filtrate of Selenastrum capricornutum and Scenedesmuns brasiliensis did not inhibit Anabaena flos-aqiae. In the autoinhibition test Anabaena flos-aquae, Selenastrum capricornutum, and Scenedesmus brasiliensis showed positive, negative, and no effects, respectively.

대청호 유역과 가두리양어장으로부터의 燐負荷量과 燐收支

이기동,허무명,김범철 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1993 環境硏究 Vol.10 No.-

Phosphorus loading into Lake Daechung was estimated by determining the phosphorus input via runoff from drainage basin and the phosphorus discharge from floating-net fishfarms. The loading from drainage basin was determined by measuring total phosphorus concentration in the four main inflowing streams on the monthly base. Phophorus loading was concentrated in rainy seasons due to higher phosphorus concentration and higher flow rate. Phosphorus discharge from the dam was also high in August and september because of the discharge of intermediate turbid layer formed by storm runoff. P loading via four sites were 52,32,27,and 4tP/yr for Kumkang, Suhwachun, Bochungchun, and Kusin, respectively. Phosphorus discharge of fishfarms was estimated from the amount of fishfeed applied annually and the unit rate of phosphorus excretion per feed weight. The loading from the watershed and fishfarms were calculated to be 138 and 35 tP/yr, respectively. The phosphorus loading of Lake Daechung far exceeded the critical loading for eutrophication. The amount of phosphorus discharge through outflowing water was 46 tP/yr. Thus the retention rate of phosphorus was 0.73

소양호 부영양학의 연변화 추이

김범철,조규송,허우명,김동섭 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 1989 環境硏究 Vol.6 No.-

The trend of trophic status change in Lake Soyang from 1981 to 1989 was studied by the measurement of chlorophyll a concentration, transparaency, total phosphorus concentration, and the rate of hypolimnetic oxygen deficit rate. And the phosphorus loading from the watershed was measured monthly at the main inflowing river, Soyan River. The increasing trend of chlorophyll was clear at the rate of 0.4 /￡㎍/l/yr. The advent and expansion of Anabaena bloom was the major cause of chlorophyll, increase and transparency reduction. The rate of hypolimnetic oxygen deficit also increased from 0.032 mg Ο_(2)/cm^(2)/day in 1986 to 0066 in 1988. The trophic state of Lake Soyang can be assessed as oligotrophy before 1983, mesotrophy from 1984 to 1988, and eutrophy since 1989. Phosphorus loading from floating net fishfarms was estimated to be larger than 45% of total. The phosphorus loading from only watershed is smaller than the dangerous critical loading, but, if the fishfarms loading added, it exceeds the critical loading.

국내 주요 호수의 육수학적 조사(4): 주암호

김범철,박주현,허우명,임병진,황길순,최광순,최종수 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 2001 環境硏究 Vol.18 No.-

In this study limnological characteristics of Lake Juam was surveyed from June 1993 to May 1994 in order to provides important information regarding water resources. Seschi disc transparency, epilimnetic chlorophyll a(chl-a), tatal nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP) concentration and primary productivity were in the range of 2.0~4.5 m, 0.9~13.6 mgChl/㎥, 0.78~2.32N/l, 11~56 mgP/㎥, 270~2,160mgCm^(-2)day^(-1), respectively. On the basis of TP, Chl-a and Secchi disc depth, the trophic state of Lake Juam can be classified as mesotrophic lake. The phosphorus inputs from non-point sources are concentrated in heavy rain episodes during the monsoon season. As a result, phosphorus concentration are higher in summer than in winter. TP loading from the watershed were estimated to be 0.9 gPm^(-2)yr(-1), which correspond to a boundary of the critical loading (1.0 gPm^(-2)yr(-1), which correspond to a boundary of the critical loading (1.0 gPm^(-2)yr(-1)) for eutrophication. From the results of the algal assay, both phosphous and nitrogen act as limiting nutrients in algal growth. The seasonal succession of phytoplankton community structure in Lake Juam was similar to that observed in other temperate lakes. Diatoms(Asterionella formosa and Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima) were dominant in spring and winter, cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa, M. sp. and M. viridis) were dominant in warm season. The organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content of lake sediment were 9.5~14.0 mgC/g, 1.01~1.82 mgN/g, and 0.51~0.65 mgP/g, respectively. The allochthonous organic carbon loading from the watershed and autochthonous organic carbon loading by primary production of phytoplankton were determined to be 1,122 tC/yr and 6,718 tC/yr, respectively. To prevent eutrophication of Lake Juam, nutrient management of watershed should be focus on reduction of fertilizer application, proper treatment of manure, and conservation of topsoil as well as point source.