동북아 지역질서의 재편 : 미·일·중 삼각관계와 한국의 안보외교 Trilateral Relationship among U.S., Japan and China and South Korea's Security Diplomacy

이기종 한국전략문제연구소 1998 전략연구 Vol.5 No.2

The existing power arrangement in Northeast Asia can be characterized as one of confrontation between a new United States-Japanese alliance and China in the context of a strategic triangular relationship among the three countries, involving mutual conflict and cooperation. It is expected that, in the 21st century, there will emerge a pattern of confrontation between the United States and China, on the world level, and one between Japan and China, on the regional level. If a conflict between the United States and Japan should grow or if the former's armed forces stationed in East Asia should be cut down, there would reemerge the strategic triangular arrangement among the three major powers. In this case, each of the three countries would seek to gain Russia, which became relatively weekened, over to its side. Such an effort is already being made. Recently, China declares that it will proceed with a strategic partnership with Russia against the reinforcement of the U.S.-Japanese alliance. Japan also tries to establish a new cooperative relationship with Russia in spite of a dispute over its four northern islands. In addition, the United States seeks to strengthen its relationship with Russia. This paper examines triangular relationships among the United States, Japan, and China, and then North-South Korean relationships, as will be developed as the result of a reshuffle of power in East Asia. In the Cold War era, persistent confrontation existed between the three southern powers, including the U.S., Japan, and South Korea, and the three northern powers, such as the Soviet Union, China, and North Korea. However, such a confrontation pattern has been attenuated by the following events: the end of the Cold War, the normalization of South Korean diplomatic relations with Russia and China in the early 1990s, and a U.S.- North Korean agreement on the nuclear issue in Geneva in October 1994. On the other hand, there has been some continuity in military relations. The U.S.-South Korean and Chinese-North Korean alliances have been maintained. After Russia abrogated its military alliance relationship with North Korea, it has pursued a balanced policy toward two Koreas. This paper provides four scenarios of power arrangements which will develop in Northeast Asia in the 21st century. First is the case in which South Korea will maintain its alliance with the United States and its friendly relationships with China, Japan, and Russia. and in which it will continue its current confrontation with North Korea. This scenario is the best one from the South Korean perspective. In this case, Pyungyang will be isolated, and Seoul will seek to induce it to open and reform its system by means of pressure from the four neighboring major powers. As the second best one, another scenario is the case in which confrontation between the U.S.-South Korean alliance and North Korea will reemerge, and in which China, Japan, and Russia will take a neutral position. In this scenario, if South Korea, through its diplomatic efforts, reinforces its economic cooperation with China, and builds political and military confidence with the Baijing regime, it is highly likely .that the alliance relationship between North Korea and China will be abrogated as in the North Korean-Russian case. The third scenario is the worst one in which confrontation will develop between South Korea and the North Korean-Chinese alliance, but in which the United States, Russia, and Japan will adopt a neutralist or pro-North Korea policy. It is difficult to expect that this case will work. Nevertheless, it might happen if the U.S. forces in Korea should be withdrawn and if China should become a hegemonic power, while maintaining its alliance with North Korea. The last scenario is the case of direct confrontation between South and North Koreas. This case will take place when the four major powers make cross-recognition of two Koreas after North Korea's diplomatic normalization with the United States and Japan. As a theory of the North Korean regime's breakup has been recently raised, analysts assume that there would be a five-major power arrangement in which a unified Korea would function as a balancer in maintaining the balance of power in Northeast Asia. If Pyungyang successively soft-lands through the recovery of its economy and its diplomatic normalization with Washington and Tokyo, however, it is expected that there will emerge a six-power competitive arrangement. In this case, interactions between the United States, Japan, and China, on one hand, and two Koreas, on the other hand, will actively take place, while Russian influences will diminish. This research provides several predictions about power relationships among the four major powers and in the Korean peninsular from short-, middle-, and long-term perspectives. From a short-term perspective, there exists a confrontation relationship between the U.S.-Japanese alliance and China on the regional level. It is predicted, on the level of the peninsular, that the U.S.-South Korean alliance and the South Korean-Japanese cooperative relationship will be maintained, along with the Chinese-North Korean alliance. From a middle-term perspective, the cross-recognition of two Koreas will weaken the U.S.-South Korean and Chinese-North Korean alliances. In this situation, the major powers as well as two Koreas will compete diplomatically with one another in order to establish a balance of power in Northeast Asia to their own advantage. From a long-term perspective, it can be assumed that change in the East Asia policy of the United States will lead to the weakening of its influence and, thus, the strengthening of the South Korean-Chinese relationship. At the same time, multilateral security cooperation would be institutionalized. In this case, South and North Koreas will vie not only with each other but also with the four major powers without regard to their existing alliance relationships. After the normalization of the North Korean-U.S. diplomatic relationship, China will not remain indifferent to the situation in which the peninsular will fall under the exclusive influence of the United States. Nevertheless, Washington will seek to induce the two Koreas to pursue pro-American policies, After the cross-recognition of two Koreas, Japan will actively make such an effort to gain economic access to North Korea that it will have economic influence on the peninsular, unlike United States and Chinese efforts to exercise security influence. If the relationships among the three major powers and, especially those between the United States and China, should develop in the form of strategic cooperation, progress would be made in North-South Korean relations and, therefore, peace would be established in Northeast Asia. On the other hand, when the relationships between the United States and China become worsened or when those between Japan and China develop into hegemonic competition, both of two Koreas will adopt a policy of maintaining the status quo in the peninsular, while trying to create a balance of power to their advantage in the region. In the meantime, each of the major powers will pursue a policy of unifying the peninsular on the basis of its own superior power position. The purposes of this paper is to predict the possible rearrangement of power relationships in the context of increasing insecurity in Northeast Asia and to examine South Korea's security measures. For these purposes, first of all, it describes the aspects of conflict and cooperation in the triangular relationships of the United States, Japan, and China, which resulted not only from the collapse of the Soviet Union but also from the subsequent weakening of Russian influence. It is predicted from a short-term perspective that those relationships will tend to be cooperative in their economic and security aspects. From a long-term perspective, however, they will show increasing conflict as the result of hegemonic competition, including emerging confrontation between the United States and China, around the year of 2020 when the latter's level of GNP becomes highest in the world. Secondly, the research examines the trend of changes in power relationship and possible new arrangements in Northeast Asia. By doing so, it intends to provide South Korea's security measures. Since the existing arrangement of confrontation between the United States-Japanese alliance and China is expected to change into one of military and hegemonic competition between Japan and China, along with the diminution of American influence, South Korea and other Asian countries need to prepare for it. Thirdly, the paper presents several models of power arrangements likely to develop around the Korean peninsular. In particular, it is predicted that, in the process of competition among the countries concerned after the cross-recognition of two Koreas, they and the four major powers will contend diplomatically with one another in order to gain more influence and security. Despite existing confrontation between the United States-South Korean alliance and Japanese-South Korean cooperative relationship, on one hand, and the Chinese-North Korean alliance, on the other hand, there is a likelihood that a new cooperative military relationship between South Korea and China will result from the reinforcement of their economic cooperation as well as from North Korea's diplomatic normalization with the United States and Japan. Finally, this research provides South Korea's security measures to meet the rearrangement of power relationship in Northeast Asia and its effects on the peninsular. (1) Seoul should proceed with active security diplomacy designed to produce a balance of power in the region. In the 21st century, by attaining its goal of becoming an advanced nation, South Korea has to enter into a five-major power system. In this system, it should play the role of a balancer in maintaining peace and the balance of power by carrying out an active strategy of engagement. In addition, it not only should contain the North Korean threat through a Bismarck-policy of forming various alliances, but it also should build strong mechanisms for its security. (2) Bilateral alliance relationships should be strengthened. Although the U.S.-South Korean alliance has recently loosened, it will be of greater strategic value in checking a Chinese threat in the case of deepening Sino-American confrontation in the 21st century. The South Korean-Japanese cooperative relationship has to be more extended in political. military, and cultural areas. The friendly relationship between Seoul and Baijing also should be extended on the basis of their economic cooperation so as to pave the way for the unification of the peninsular. (3) A system of multilateral security cooperation should be created in the Northeast Asia. Although there has been no tradition of security dialogues and confidence among the major powers, the South Korean government has to play a leading role in establishing such a system as an institutional mechanism for the peace and security of the peninsular. Because South Korea, in comparision with the major powers, has limited military capabilities to guarantee its security, it should depend upon preventive diplomacy through multilateral security cooperation in the case of a crisis in the peninsular or territorial and maritime disputes in the region. (4) Certain measures should be taken to reinforce South Korean armed forces in the direction of attaining self-reliant national defense. Based on a self-sufficient defense strategy, the armed forces have to be capable of defending against any probable external invasions. In preparation for the existing North Korean threat as well as for any expansionist moves resulting from Sino-American hegemonic competion and the military buildups of China and Japan, South Korea should strengthen its naval forces and accelerate the modernization of military equipments and weapons. The above-mentioned measures are necessary for maintaining peace and security in Northeast Asia and the peninsular. Moreover. they will provide a basis for Korean unification.

중등학교 학부모의 학교교육 만족도 분석

이기종,곽수란 한국교육사회학회 2013 교육사회학연구 Vol.23 No.4

Based on the sample size of 3022 implemented missing values, parent's school satisfaction is analyzed through Korea Education Longitudinal Panel data from the first to the fourth wave. It is hypothesized that there are causal relations among parent's school satisfaction, parent's education level, family income, children's school expenditure, and children's school achievement, focusing on how parent's school satisfaction and its changes over time are affected by those variables as time moves on. With LISREL a latent growth model based on previous research is formulated from the first wave through the fourth wave data. It is found that parent's education level and children's school expenditure have positive effects on children's school achievement where as they do have negative effects on parent's school achievement. However parent's education level and children's school expenditure do positively affect on parent's school satisfaction through children's school achievement. Put it differently, parent's socio-economical background and their supports on children take effects on children's school achievement and in turn children's school achievement intermediately have effects on parent's school satisfaction. These findings imply that parent's school satisfaction is intensely related with children's school achievement while children's school achievement do not induce changes in school satisfaction. 본 연구는 한국교육종단조사 1~4차년도 자료를 통해 학부모의 학교교육만족도가 분석되었으며 표본크기는 결측치가 대체된 3,022이다. 분석변수는 자녀의 학교교육을 지원하는 학부모의 특성 즉, 부모학력, 가정소득, 자녀교육비 그리고 자녀의 학업성취이며, 이러한 변수들이 학부모의 학교교육만족도와 그 변화에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 확인하고자 하였다. 잠재성장모형을 사용하여 1~4차년도 자료를 분석하였으며 사용된 프로그램은 LISREL이다. 분석결과 부모학력과 자녀교육비는 학업성취에 유의한 정적 영향을 미치는 반면, 학교교육만족도에는 유의한 부적 영향을 미치고 있다. 그러나 부모학력과 자녀교육비는 학업성취를 매개로 하여 학교교육만족도에 유의한 정적효과를 나타낸다. 즉, 학부모의 배경 및 지원은 자녀의 학업성취에 영향을 미치며, 이러한 학업성취 정도가 학교교육만족도에 영향을 미치는 것이다. 학부모의 학교교육만족도는 자녀의 학업성취 정도와 밀접하게 관련되어 있으나 학업성취가 학교교육만족도에서의 변화를 이끌어내지는 못하고 있는 것으로 시사된다.

자가용 전기설비 불량으로 인한 파급사고 감소 방안

이기종 대한전기협회 1987 대한전기협회지 Vol.- No.124

입학사정관전형의 경험적 타당화 탐색 : K대학교의 경우

이기종 국민대학교 교육연구소 2013 교육논총 Vol.32 No.-

The research is aimed to verify the internal validation of the admission officer system by examining trend of GPA of students in K University whom admitted by the admission officer. The analysis of GPA of 138 students using latent growth modeling, GPA of the students admitted by the admission officer continues to decline and this results are considered to be sticky wicket in academic competition with students admitted by general admission because students admitted by the admission officer applied to the university in higher level than their capability. This results of this study imply that the admission officer system must be a action of synthetic art consisted of more in-depth and a variety of data. 대학입시의 새로운 전형양식으로 입학사정관제도가 도입된 지 여러 해 지났으나 잠재역량의 발전가능성에 주목해 신입생을 선발하는 입학사정관제도의 내적 타당도에 관한 경험적 연구는 희소하다. 이 연구는 서울소재 K대학의 입학사정관전형을 통해 입학한 학생의 학기별 평균평점의 변화추이가 어떠한지를 조사해 입학사정관전형의 내적 타당도를 검증하기 위한 것이다. 표본크기 138명의 평균평점을 잠재성장모형으로 분석한 결과, 입학사정관전형 입학생의 평균평점은 기대와는 달리 입학 후 지속적으로 낮아지고 있으며, 이런 결과는 입학사정관전형 입학생이 입학당시 능력수준보다 높게 지원해 입학한 결과 자신의 능력수준에 맞춰 입학한 정시모집 입학생과의 성적경쟁에서 열세에 있기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 이는 입학사정관전형의 내재적 근거를 위협하는 것으로 입학사정관전형이 보다 심층적으로 그리고 여러 정보로 구성된 종합예술적 행위이어야 함을 뜻한다.

만성 신부전 환자에서 심폐바이패스 없이 시행한 관상동맥우회술 후 신기능의 자연 회복

이기종,주현철,양홍석,이교준,유경종 대한흉부외과학회 2005 Journal of Chest Surgery Vol.38 No.12

Background: Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) has shown better outcome in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients by avoiding the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass. We evaluated renal function after OPCAB in CRF patients. Material and Method: 656 patients underwent OPCAB between January, 2001 and December, 2004. Data were collected in 26 CRF patients (Cr>1.7 mg/dL). Preoperative/postoperative creatinine (Cr) levels, creatinine clearance and postoperative data were evaluated. We divided the patients into group 1 (Cr<3 mg/dL) and group 2 (Cr≥3 mg/dL). Result: Three patients started dialysis after surgery. Preoperative mean creatinine level (4.19±3.4 mg/dL) was elevated to 4.36±2.7 mg/dL at the third postoperative day and decreased below preoperative level at the fifth postoperative day. In group 1 (mean Cr level=1.87±0.25 mg/dL), Cr level reached its peak level of 2.19±0.52 mg/dL at the fourth postoperative day (p=0.017), with subsequent decrease. Patients without pre- or postoperative dialysis (n=15) showed peak Cr elevation on postoperative day four (p=0.017) and subsequent decrease (p=0.01). Postoperative creatinine clearance showed reverse correlation with creatinine level. Conclusion: Creatinine level was elevated at third/fourth postoperative day, but decreased 5 days after surgery. Thus, if urgent dialysis is not indicated, postoperative renal replacement therapy in CRF patients may be better to be considered after four days observation. 배경: 만성 신부전증 환자들에게 심폐바이패스 없이 시행하는 관상동맥우회술은 수술 후 신기능보존에 더 유리한 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 심폐바이패스 없이 시행한 관상동맥우회술을 시행 받은 만성신부전 환자들의 수술 전후의 신기능을 조사함으로써 신기능의 자연 경과를 예측하고 나아가 수술후 신기능 악화시 투석 여부 결정에 도움을 주고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2001년 1월부터 2004년 12월까지 심폐바이패스 없이 시행한 관상동맥우회술을 시행 받은 환자들 중 수술 전 혈중 크레아티닌 수치가 1.7 mg/dL 이상이었던 만성 신부전증 환자 26명을 대상으로 그들의 신기능을 혈중 크레아티닌 수치를 중심으로 조사하였다. 혈중 크레아티닌 수치 3 mg/dL를 기준으로 그 미만과(group 1) 이상인(group 2) 두 군으로 나누어 각 군에서의 신기능의 변화를 조사하였다. 또한 투석의 영향을 배제한 신기능의 자연 변화를 알아보기 위하여 수술 전후에 투석을 시행받지 않았던 환자들을 대상으로 하여 그들의 신기능을 조사하였다. 결과: 수술 전에 투석을 시행 받고 있던 환자 8명은 수술 후 모두 투석을 지속하였고 수술 후에 새로 투석을 시작한 환자는 3명이었다. 전체 환자들의 수술 전 평균 혈중 크레아티닌 수치는 4.19 3.4 mg/dL이었으며, 수술 후 크레아티닌 수치는 수술 후 3일에 4.36 2.7 mg/dL로 최고치를 보였고 수술 후 5일에 수술 전 수치로 회복되었다. Group 1의 경우에는 수술 전 평균 혈중 크레아티닌 수치가 1.87 0.25 mg/dL이었으며, 수술 후 4일에 혈중 크레아티닌 수치가 최고를 보였으며(평균 혈중 크레아티닌 수치=2.19 0.52 mg/dL, p=0.017), 그 이후로는 감소하는 경과를 보였다. Group 2의 경우에는 수술후 신기능의 변화에 있어서 유의한 결과를 관찰할 수 없었다. 수술 전후 투석을 시행 받지 않았던 환자들에(n=15) 있어서도 수술 후 3일에 혈중 크레아티닌 수치의 유의한 상승을 보였으며(p=0.017), 수술 후 5일 이후에는 자연 감소하는 경과를 관찰할 수 있었다(p=0.01). 크레아티닌 제거율을 조사했던 환자들에 있어서는 크레아티닌 제거율이 혈중 크레아티닌 수치와 역비례함을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론: 심폐바이패스 없이 시행한 관상동맥우회술을 시행 받은 만성 신부전증 환자들에 있어서 수술 후 3∼4일까지는 혈중 크레아티닌 수치가 상승하나 5일 이후에는 자연 감소하는 경과를 관찰할 수 있었다. 그러므로 혈중 크레아티닌 수치가 상승하더라도 환자의 상태에 심각한 문제를 유발할 상태가 아니라면 투석 여부는 수술 후 4일 이후에 결정하는 것이 좋을 것으로 생각한다.

베트남戰爭과 韓國軍參戰의 再照明

이기종 경희대 국제평화연구소 1989 平和硏究 Vol.8 No.1

Wnt7a Deficiency Could Predict Worse Disease-Free and Overall Survival in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer

이기종,민경환,위영찬,김예슬,신수진,정민성,장기석,백승삼 한국유방암학회 2017 Journal of breast cancer Vol.20 No.4

Purpose: Wnt7a is a glycoprotein involved in embryonic development and the progression of different types of malignant tumors. This study aimed to detect the level of Wnt7a expression in breast cancer and explore its role in the disease progression and prognosis. Methods: A total of 258 patients diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast were included in this study. Using tissue microarray and immunohistochemical staining, we evaluated the association between Wnt7a expression and clinicopathological parameters, and the prognostic value of Wnt7a. Results: Wnt7a expression was significantly correlated with estrogen receptor (ER) expression (odds ratio, 3.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.99–7.80; p<0.001). On univariate and multivariate analyses, loss of Wnt7a expression was associated with poor disease-free survival (DFS) (multivariate hazard ratio [HR], 9.12; 95% CI, 1.80–46.09; p=0.008), but not with poor overall survival (OS). In the ER-positive group (n=114), loss of Wnt7a expression was an independent prognostic factor for shorter DFS (multivariate HR, 13.54; 95% CI, 1.11–165.73; p= 0.042) and OS (multivariate HR, 4.76; 95% CI, 1.29–17.61; p=0.019) on univariate and multivariate analyses. However, in the ER-negative group, there was no significant difference in DFS and OS according to Wnt7a expression. Conclusion: The loss of Wnt7a expression might be a meaningful factor in assessing DFS and OS, especially in ER-positive breast cancer.

리니언시 제도의 실효성 제고 방안 -제도 운영상 장애요소 및 그 국제적 부조화에 대한 대응 방안을 중심으로-

이기종 한국상사판례학회 2018 상사판례연구 Vol.31 No.4

Leniency programs have recently proliferated and reved up in many jurisdictions including Korea. However, as competition agencies rely more and more on leniency programs in detecting cartels, they are facing various challenges to leniency systems as follows: leniency policies collide with other enforcement policies, especially with private enforcement and criminal liability; companies use leniency strategically for their own purposes; and competition authorities need to secure full and continuous cooperation of applicants, even after they have been granted immunity. They also have to cooperate with the agencies in other jurisdictions, despite the lack of harmony among their leniency systems. In similar vein the leniency program in Korea is facing more and more of those challenges, as the Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act strengthens the remedy against cartels: it already introduced treble damages against cartels; and the legislature is examining several bills to deprive the Korea Fair Trade Commission of the exclusive authority to report cartels to the prosecution. These changes caused fierce debates on the measures to secure the effectiveness of leniency programs. Thus this article examines various challenges to leniency programs described above, and tries to suggest a series of measures to secure the effectiveness of those programs. In addressing controversial issues, this article focuses on the protection of leniency applicants and the enhancement of predictability in its implementation. 리니언시 제도는 최근 들어 국내 뿐 아니라 세계적으로도 급속히 확산되고 활성화되는 추세를 보이고 있다. 그러나 리니언시 제도가 국제적으로 널리 보급되고 경쟁당국들의 이에 대한 의존도가 높아감에 따라 형사제재 등 다른 경쟁법 집행 제도들과의 관계가 문제되는가 하면, 기업들이 동 제도를 전략적으로 활용하는 등의 운용상 문제들이 드러나고 있으며, 특히 국제 카르텔의 경우 각국의 상이한 리니언시 제도가 기업들의 자진신고를 가로막는 장애요소로 등장하고 있다. 또한 우리나라에서도 공정거래법에 부당공동행위에 대한 3배배상제도가 도입되고, 전속고발제도를 (부분)폐지하는 공정거래법 전부개정안이 국무회의를 통과하면서, 리니언시 제도의 실효성을 확보하기 위해 어떠한 조치들이 필요한지 하는 문제가 우리 공정거래법 집행에 관한 초미의 현안으로 떠오르고 있다. 그리하여 본 연구는 리니언시 제도의 운용상 장애요소와 극복방안 및 그 국제적 조화의 문제를 전술한 OECD 경쟁위원회 제3작업부 회의의 성과를 중심으로 살펴본 뒤, 이와 관련한 우리 법상의 리니언시 제도의 문제점들을 검토하고 그 개선 방안을 제시하였다. 본고에서 제시한 방안들은 담합에 대한 강화된 제재로부터 자진신고자를 보호하고 자진신고자의 지위를 불안정하게 하는 요소들을 제거함으로써 리니언시 제도의 실효성을 극대화하는 데 초점을 맞추고 있다. 이는 리니언시 제도를 채택한 이상 그 실효성을 극대화하는 것이 결국은 카르텔의 적발과 제재를 촉진함으로써 더 큰 이익을 가져올 수 있다고 보았기 때문이다. 또한 나날이 증가하는 국제카르텔의 폐해와 리니언시 없이 국제카르텔을 제재하기가 매우 어렵다는 점을 고려하였다.

취업 및 미취업을 결정하는 요인 탐색 - 교육적 관점에서 최종학교 생활을 중심으로

이기종,김은주 국민대학교 교육연구소 2006 교육논총 Vol.26 No.1

  청년층의 취업 및 미취업을 구분하는 결정요인 탐색은 주로 성별, 연령, 학력, 자격증 보유여부, 직업훈련 경험여부, 전공계열, 가구소득, 가구주 여부 영향요인 등 인구통계학적 또는 사회적 관점에서 탐색되어 왔다. 본 연구는 취업 및 미취업을 결정하는 요인을 기존연구에서 시도되지 않았던 최종학교 생활을 중심으로 교육적 관점에서 탐색하고 있다. 분석자료는 중앙고용정보원에서 실시한 2004년도 제 4차 청년패널 자료이며, 취업 및 미취업을 결정짓는 요인탐색에 사용된 방법은 판별분석과 양분상관이다. 그 결과, 최종학교 생활에 관한 12개 독립변수 가운데 외국어 능력이 취업과 미취업을 판별하는데 가장 큰 영향력을 갖고 있는 것으로 판명되었다. 전체적으로는 최종학교 생활에 표한 12개 독립변수들이 통계적으로 의미 있는 값을 갖고 종속변수인 취업과 미취업을 판별하고 있으나, 실질적 측면에서 최종학교 생활에 관한 12개 독립변수가 취업과 미취업을 제대로 분류하고 있는지는 의문시된다. 또한 진로(상담)지도에 관한 변수, 일자리 경력에 관한 변수, 직업교육훈련에 관한 변수, 자격증에 관한 변수 등도 취업 및 미취업과 높은 상관을 보이고 있지 않다. 이것은 기존의 연구들과 마찬가지로 취업과 미취업에 관한 교육적 모형도 포괄적 설명을 해주지 못함을 시사하고 있다.   Research on employment/unemployment mainly has been carried out with respect to the demographical or sociological variables like sex, age, educational careers, possession of certificates, experiences with occupational trainings, college major, and household incomes. The purpose of the study is to search the variables which decide employment/unemployment in terms of the terminal education school life. Data analyzed were from "Research on youth panel 2004" gathered by Central Employment Information Office. Discriminant function analysis and tetrachoric correlation analyses were used to investigate variables distinguishing the employed from the unemployed. Findings are shown below. Of the utmost importance is foreign language out of 12 explaining independent variables driven from the terminal education school life. Even though the 12 independent variables are statistically significantly explaining the employment/unemployment, it is questioned that the 12 variables are substantial key factors distinguishing the employed from the unemployed. In addition, career consultations, job careers, job trainings, and certificates do not have the high correlations with the employment/unemployment. These findings strongly suggest that the educational model like other previous research is somewhat hard to explain comprehensively the employment/unemployment and some omitted variables, which are not included in the 2004 youth panel data, may exist.

전문대학 교육성과 평가를 위한 지표개발

이기종,박지혜,박혜영,김재현 한국직업교육학회 2011 직업교육연구 Vol.30 No.1

The purpose of this study is to develop indicators for evaluating educational performance of 2-year colleges in South Korea. To achieve the purpose, this study uses various methods such as extensive literature review, a Delpi method, and interview in order to develop and select evaluation indicators of educational performance. This study also examines the validity of evaluation indicators by using surveys and interviews on college students, professors and related industrial managers. As a result, evaluation indicators for measuring educational performance are obtained by classification of the 3 dimensions, 14 items and 63 indicators. Three dimensions are composed of educational environment, educational activities, and educational performance. Specifically, the educational environment dimension is composed of 2 items and 17 indicators related to professional quality of faculty and investment on education by the colleges. The educational activities dimension is composed of 8 items and 35 indicators. Eight items are as follows; field-oriented education, supporting students, interaction between student and college, major-intensive course, competency management of study, utilization of lecture evaluation, interaction with overseas and cultivation of occupational ethics. Lastly, the educational performance dimension is composed of 4 items and 11 indicators focusing on the educational effectiveness. 이 연구는 전문대학교육의 성과를 실질적이고 체계적으로 평가할 수 있는 지표를 개발하는데 그 목적이 있다. 구체적으로 첫째, 전문대학교육의 성과를 판단할 수 있는 평가지표를 시스템적 관점에서 다양한 연구방법을 활용하여 개발하며, 둘째, 전문대학교육의 주요 이해당사자인 학생, 교수 및 산업체 관계자를 대상으로 한 설문조사와 현장면담을 통해 개발된 평가지표의 타당성을 검토하고자 하였다. 이 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 2차에 걸친 델파이 조사, 전문가협의회, 지표의 우선순위결정, 평가지표 타당화를 위한 설문조사 및 면접 등의 자료수집방법을 활용하였다. 이러한 연구절차는 거쳐 최종적으로 대영역인 교육환경, 교육활동, 교육성과에 해당하는 14개의 소영역과 63개의 평가지표가 도출되었다. 구체적으로 살펴보면, 교육환경 영역은 교원의 전문성과 교육투자의 항목으로 구성되었다. 교원의 전문성 항목에 포함된 구체적인 평가지표는 교원의 관련분야 최종학위 소지, 교원의 전공(경력) 일치도, 교원의 임용 전 산업체 경력 등 7개이다. 교육투자의 항목에 포함된 평가지표는 전임교원 확보율, 전임교원 승급률, 교육비 환원률 등 10개이다. 교육활동 영역은 현장중심교육, 전공심화과정, 학생지원, 학업역량관리, 학교-학생간 상호작용, 강의평가활용, 해외교류, 직업윤리함양 등의 8개 항목과 35개의 평가지표가 포함되었다. 교육성과 영역은 실질적인 교육의 결과에 초점을 두는 자격증 및 취업, 학교경쟁력, 평판도, 졸업생 만족도의 4개의 항목과 11개의 평가지표가 포함되었다.