An Investigation on the Life of Master Won Guk Lee, the Creator of Chung-Do-Kwan

( Seon Young Jung ),( Jun Ho Lee ),( Seung Woo Shin ),( Chun Hwan Cho ),( Seung Hyun Jang ),( Won Shin ) 경남대학교 기초과학연구소 2014 기초과학지 Vol.31 No.-

The purpose of this study is to review (or, investigate) the life of Won Guk Lee. He is the creator of Chung-Do-Kwan, which is one of the five original Taekwondo kwans. Data was gathered from advanced research, newspapers, documentaries, the Internet, magazines, and journals etc. Thus, we were able to create a sequence of events based on the research data. First, we can say that in Won Guk Lee``s career, he created Chung-Do-Kwan and brought Dangsoodo to Korea. These events have had a significant development on Taekwondo. Second, Taekwondo curriculum, which was published by Won Guk Lee, established the foundation of Taekwondo poomsae, as well as giving us the pure spirit of Korean martial arts.

Elderly kidney transplant recipients have favorable outcomes but increased infection-related mortality

임정훈,Lee Ga Young,Jeon Yena,Jung Hee-Yeon,Choi Ji Young,CHO, JANG-HEE,Park Sun Hee,김용림,Kim Hyung-Kee,Huh Seung,유은상,Won Dong Il,Kim Chan-Duck 대한신장학회 2022 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.41 No.3

Background: The number of elderly patients with end-stage kidney disease has been increasing, but the outcomes of kidney transplants (KT) remain poorly understood in elderly patients. Therefore, we evaluated the clinical outcomes of elderly KT recipients and analyzed the impact of elderly donors. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent KT between 2000 and 2019. KT recipients were divided into four groups according to a combination of recipient and donor age (≥60 or <60 years); elderly recipients: old-to-old (n = 46) and young-to-old (n = 83); young recipients: old-to-young (n = 98) and young-to-young (n = 796). We compared the risks of mortality, graft failure, and acute rejection between groups using Cox regression analysis. Results: The incidence of delayed graft function, graft failure, and acute rejection was not different among groups. Annual mean tacrolimus trough level was not lower in elderly recipients than young recipients during 10-year follow-up. Mortality was significantly higher in elderly recipients (p = 0.001), particularly infection-related mortality (p < 0.001). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, old-toold and young-to-old groups had increased risk of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14– 7.32; p = 0.03; aHR, 3.06; 95% CI, 1.51–6.20; p = 0.002). However, graft failure and acute rejection risks were not increased in elderly recipients. Conclusion: In elderly recipients, graft survival and acute rejection-free survival were not inferior to those of young recipients. However, mortality, especially risk of infection-related death, was increased in elderly recipients. Thus, low immunosuppression intensity might help decrease mortality in elderly recipients.

Comparison of trophic factors changes in the hippocampal CA1 region between the young and adult gerbil induced by transient cerebral ischemia.

Yan, Bing Chun,Park, Joon Ha,Kim, Sung Koo,Choi, Jung Hoon,Lee, Choong Hyun,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Kwon, Young-Geun,Kim, Young-Myeong,Kim, Jong-Dai,Won, Moo-Ho Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2012 Cellular and molecular neurobiology Vol.32 No.8

<P>In the present study, we investigated neuronal death/damage in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) and compared changes in some trophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the CA1 between the adult and young gerbils after 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. Most of pyramidal neurons (89%) were damaged 4 days after ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) in the adult; however, in the young, about 59% of pyramidal neurons were damaged 7 days after I-R. The immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF, not GDNF, in the CA1 of the normal young were lower than those in the normal adult. Four days after I-R in the adult group, the immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF were distinctively decreased, and the immunoreactivity and level of GDNF were increased. However, in the young group, all of their immunoreactivities and levels were much higher than those in the normal young group. From 7 days after I-R, all the immunoreactivities and levels were apparently decreased compared to those of the normal adult and young. In brief, we confirmed our recent finding: more delayed and less neuronal death occurred in the young following I-R, and we newly found that the immunoreactivities of trophic factors, such as BDNF, GDNF, and VEGF, in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 in the young gerbil were much higher than those in the adult gerbil 4 days after transient cerebral ischemia.</P>

Superconducting MgB2 Wire Drawing Considering Anisotropic Hardening Behavior and Hydrostatic Effect

Young‑Seok Oh,Ho Won Lee,Kook‑Chae Chung,Duck‑Young Hwang,Seong‑Hoon Kang,Jeong Whan Yoon 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.7

Numerical modeling was conducted to investigate the deformation behavior of powder mixture during multi-pass drawingprocesses for multi-filamentary MgB2wire. A modified Drucker-Prager Cap (DPC) model with an elliptical cap surface usingthe new material characterization method was developed to capture the anisotropic hardening behavior and hydrostatic effectof the powder mixture. A number of uniaxial die compaction, cold isostatic pressing, diametrical compression, and uniaxialcompression tests were conducted using different powder densities to characterize the modified DPC model. A commercialfinite element software ABAQUS with a user subroutine was used to simulate the drawing of the MgB2wire. The densityand area fraction of the powder mixture during the wire-drawing process were verified with experimental results. The differencein packing density at the inner and outer filaments of the MgB2wire was successfully captured by simulation. Inaddition, the effect of the initial packing density on the superconducting properties of MgB2wire was numerically studied. It is shown that the increase in the superconducting area, which results from a high initial packing density, should be moreeffective compared to the increase in the grain connectivity in enhancing the critical current properties for the MgB2wirewhen the final packing density is saturated after a number of drawing processes.

한라산 주변에 발생하는 Karman Vortex Street 재현

권지혁(Kwon Ji-hyuk·Lee),이연원(Lee Yeon-won),김영덕(Kim Young-duk),박광열(Park Kwang-yul) 한국풍공학회 2006 한국풍공학회지 Vol.10 No.1

늦가을과 초본 사이 제주도 후면에 Karman vortex street가 발생한다. 이러한 vortex가 발생하기 위해서는 기온 역전층과 5 ~ 13 m/s의 지속적인 바람이 필요하다는 것을 밝히기 위한 많은 연구들이 있었다. 이러한 vortex clouds는 발생 후 주 풍향의 방향을 이동하게 된다. Karman vortex street는 기상학에서 매우 흥미로운 주제이다. 본 연구에서는 LES 난류 모델을 이용하여 Karman vortex street에 관한 해석을 수행하고 수치해석을 통해 얻은 결과와 기상 데이터가 일치함을 보였다. From late autumn to the beginning of the spring, the phenomena of the Karman vortex street have been frequently observed in the wake of Mt. Halla in the Jeju island. Some researches revealed that the necessary conditions for development of these vortex clouds are a strong low-level inversion of temperature and a persistent wind speed of 5 to 13m/s. After the cloud is formed, the vortex clouds are shed from alternating sides of Jeju island and then move downwind with main airflow stream. The Karman vortex street in the wake of the Jeju island was one of the interesting topics in meteorology. In this study, CFD using LES turbulence model was developed to investigate the Karman vortex street and the results of CFD showed a good agreement with weather data.

해운경기가 항만지역경제에 미치는 영향: 부산과 인천지역 비교를 중심으로

류은영(Ryu, Eun-Young),이상원(Lee, Sang-Won) 한국경영교육학회 2020 경영교육연구 Vol.35 No.1

[연구목적] 본 연구에서는 상대적으로 연구가 부족했던 BDI와 지역별 경제변수들(고용률, 실업률, 수출액, 수입액, 광공업생산지수, 컨테이너 물동량)간의 연관성을 실증분석 하여, 시사점을 제공하였다. [연구방법] 본 연구는 BDI와 지역별 경제변수 등에 대한 관련 논의, 기존에 수행되었던 연구들을 검토하였다. 본 연구에서는 부산과 인천지역을 대상으로 2012년 1월부터 2019년 9월까지의 기간 동안 BDI와 지역별 경제변수들 간의 관련성을 비교분석 하였다. 이를 위해, 상관관계분석과 그랜저인과관계분석 등을 이용하였다. [연구결과] BDI와 지역별 경제변수들 간의 관련성을 비교한 연구결과를 보면, 부산과 인천지역 모두 동일하게 나타났다. 상관관계분석결과, BDI와 실업률 및 수입액 간에는 음(-)의 관계, 다른 변수와는 양(+)의 관계를 보였다. 컨테이너 물동량은 실업률과는 음(-)의 관계를, 다른 변수와 양(+)의 관계를 보였다. 그랜저인과관계분석결과, BDI는 광공업생산지수와 컨테이너 물동량을 선행하고 고용률과 컨테이너 물동량은 서로 양방향으로 선행, 실업률과 수입액은 컨테이너 물동량에 대해 선행성을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 다만, BDI는 부산에서는 지역경제변수들에 대해 선행성을 가지고 인천에서는 반대로 지역경제변수들이 BDI를 선행하는 것으로 나타났다. [연구의 시사점] 본 연구를 통해 확인한 이론적․실무적 시사점으로는, 부산지역 경제가 BDI에 의한 영향을 보다 많이 받기 때문에 지역 경제정책을 국제 해운업 상황에 따라 시의성 있게 실시해야 할 것으로 보인다. 또한, 컨테이너 물동량이 항만 지역경제에 미치는 영향이 상당하므로 이를 고려한 정책이 필요할 것으로 보인다. [Purpose] This study empirically analyzes the relationship between BDI and regional economic variables, such as employment rate, unemployment rate, exports, imports, industrial product index, and port container volumes, which were relatively lacking in research. [Methodology] This study reviews related studies on BDI and regional economic variables, and previous studies. In this study, we compared and analyzed the relationship between BDI and regional economic variables during the period from January 2012 to September 2019 in Busan and Incheon. For this purpose, correlation analysis, Granger causality analysis, and variance decomposition were used. [Findings] The results of the study comparing the relationship between BDI and regional economic variables are as follows. The same was true for both Busan and Incheon. As a result of the Granger Causality Analysis, BDI preceded the industrial product index and the port container volumes, and the employment rate and the port container volumes were bi-directional. However, BDI has precedence over regional economic variables in Busan and regional economic variables precede BDI in Incheon. [Implications] Therefore, this study provides theoretical and practical implications by empirically analyzing the relationship between BDI and regional economic variables, which have been relatively overlooked.

The Deduction on Optimal Solution of Transport Cost by Clusters Divided Model in the Delivery System of Convenience Store

이원동(Won-dong Lee),김영민(Young-min Kim) 한국국제상학회 2016 國際商學 Vol.31 No.3

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to derive initial solutions and optimal solutions of total transport costs for each cluster divided model, and to execute the comparative analysis of the total transport costs minimal for the delivery system of convenience store. Research design, data, methodology : The zones were divided by random sampling to target a number of ships in Gangnam and Gangbuk sphere of G Convenience Store at room temperature products. After dividing to the entire cluster, two clusters and three clusters, the initial solutions were calculated by VAM program, and the optimal solutions were derived by taking advantage of the Excel Solver program each cluster. Results : In the minimum total transport costs each cluster, the entire cluster model was 736,000 Won, two clusters divided model was 770,000 Won, and three clusters derived model 696,000 was Won. Three clusters divided model got the minimum transport costs, and was shown as the most highly optimized model. Conclusions : The total transport costs can be minimized by applying an optimal solution of the cluster divided model in the delivery system of convenience stores. And it is possible to bring the efficiency of delivery vehicles and the reduction of the traffic volume, road congestion mitigation and air pollution. 본 연구에서는 편의점의 합리적인 상품 배송을 위하여 각 클러스터별로 총 운송비에 대한 수배송 초기해와 최적해를 도출하고, 어느 분할모형이 최소의 총 운송비를 가져오는지에 대해 비교분석을 하고자 한다. G편의점의 상온제품의 강남 및 강북권역의 수배송을 대상으로 무작위 샘플링을 통하여 권역을 분할하였다. 전체 클러스터, 2개 클러스터 및 3개 클러스터로 분할하여 휴리스틱으로 개발된 수배송 최적해 도출 프로그램인 VAM으로 클러스터별 초기해를 산출하고 엑셀 해찾기 프로그램을 활용하여 최적해를 도출하였다. 클러스터별 최소 총 운송비를 보면 전체 클러스터 736,000원, 2개 분할 클러스터 770,000원, 3개 분할 클러스터 696,000원으로 도출되었다. 3개 권역 분할모형이 최소 운송비를 가져오며, 2개 클러스터 분할모형의 운송비가 가장 높게 나타나 3개 권역으로 분할하여 수배송을 실시하는 경우가 최적화 모형인 것으로 확인되었다. 권역분할모형에 의한 편의점 상품 수배송의 최적해를 도출하여 총 운송비를 최소화할 수있으며, 배송차량을 효율적으로 운영할 수 있다. 또한 교통량 감소 및 도로혼잡 완화, 대기오염 감소효과도 가져올 수 있다.

해양온도차발전 Closed and Regeneration Cycle의 기본 정특성

차상원(Sang1Won Cha),김유택(You1Taek Kim),이영호(Young1Ho Lee) 한국유체기계학회 2011 한국유체기계학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.11

Original Articles : Clinical significance of occult hepatitis B virus infection in chronic hepatitis C patients

( Jae Young Jang ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Sung Ran Cheon1 ),( Sae Hwan Lee1 ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Young Koog Cheon ),( Young Seok Kim1 ),( Young Deok Cho1 ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( So Young Jin ),( Yun Soo 대한간학회 2011 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.17 No.3

Background/Aims: We investigated the frequency of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive individuals and the effects of occult HBV infection on the severity of liver disease. Methods: Seventy-one hepatitis B virus surface-antigen (HBsAg)-negative patients were divided according to their HBV serological status into groups A (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs negative; n=18), B (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs positive; n=34), and C (anti-HBc negative, anti-HBs positive/negative; n=19), and by anti-HCV positivity (anti-HCV positive; n=32 vs. anti-HCV negative; n=39). Liver biopsy samples were taken, and HBV DNA was quantified by real-time PCR. Results: Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 32.4% (23/71) of the entire cohort, and HBV DNA levels were invariably low in the different groups. Occult HBV infection was detected more frequently in the anti-HBc-positive patients. Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 28.1% (9/32) of the anti-HCV-positive and 35.9% (14/39) of the anti-HCV-negative subjects. The HCV genotype did not affect the detection rate of intrahepatic HBV DNA. In anti-HCV-positive cases, occult HBV infection did not affect liver disease severity. Conclusions: Low levels of intrahepatic HBV DNA were detected frequently in both HBsAg-negative and anti-HCV-positive cases. However, the frequency of occult HBV infection was not affected by the presence of hepatitis C, and occult HBV infection did not have a significant effect on the disease severity of hepatitis C. (Korean J Hepatol 2011;17:206-212)

거시경제 변수를 활용한 주택담보대출 연체율에 미치는 결정요인에 관한 연구

이석원(Lee, Seok-Won),황윤구(Hwang, Yun-Goo),윤영의(Yoon, Young-Eui) 한국부동산정책학회 2017 不動産政策硏究 Vol.18 No.3

In the second quarter of 2017, the size of the household debts has been reaching 1,388 trillion won. And, because the size of the housing mortgage loans has been closing in upon 560 trillion won, around 40.3% has been crowded in the housing demand funds. Regarding this, there is no choice but for the influence on the entire economy to be high according to the increase of the delinquency rate in case the economy worsens or the recession continues. This study intends to suggest the implications regarding the housing mortgage loans in the long-term viewpoint through the influence evaluations of the macroeconomic variables related to such housing mortgage loan delinquencies. The macroeconomic variables that were used were the housing mortgage loan delinquency rate (TOD), the price index of the average buying and selling of the real apartment transactions (APT_PRICE), the new housing mortgage loan interest rate (HINTEREST), the index of the industrial products (IIP), the amount of money in circulation (M2), the monetary amount of the housing mortgage loans (HML), the amount of the apartment transactions (TRADE), and these were unfolded in the viewpoint of the relationship with the real estate market and the currency policy. As a result of the unit root test, it appeared that, regarding the amount of the apartment transactions, the time series raw data had been maintaining the stability. And it was able to find out that the data of the remaining variables, including the housing mortgage loan delinquency rate (TOD), had been getting stabilized through the primary difference. Because, as a result of a co-integration test, at least 6 variables possess the linear, the selection of the model used the VEC model, and, regarding the optimal differential, the 1st model was selected based on the SC (Schwarz Criterion) value. As a result of taking a look at the granger causality relationship, it appeared that the variables that had the influences on the housing mortgage loan delinquency rate were the price index of the average buying and selling of the real apartment transactions (APT_PRICE), the new housing mortgage loan interest rate (HINTEREST), the index of the industrial products (IIP), the amount of money in circulation (M2), and the amount of the apartment transactions (TRADE). As a result of analyzing the VECM (Vector error correction Model) short-run equilibrium relationship, it appeared that the housing mortgage loan delinquency rate were influenced by the index of the average price of the buying and selling of the real transactions of the apartments and by the index of industrial products. As a result of a reaction to a shock, the positive (+) correlation appeared between the housing mortgage loan delinquency rate and the amount of the transactions of the apartments (TRADE) and, also, the interest rate of the new housing mortgage loan (HINTEREST). Eventually, regarding the housing mortgage loan delinquency rate, if the interest rate goes up, right away, an increase of the delinquency rate takes place. And, it appeared that, if the monetary amount of the housing mortgage loan becomes big, the delinquency rate decreases. This is because the delinquency rate has the influences on the incomes and others of the like, it can be under the control of the interest rate policies. The meaning of this research is that it investigated about the relationship with the housing mortgage loan delinquency rates by considering the indices in the real estate market and the currency policies at the same time. And, it is that, in the condition in which the scale of the housing mortgage loan having become big at present, raising the interest rate can aggravate the confusion more in the market. As a result, with regard to the proceeding with the real estate policies, the prudent and macroscopic approach is needed. And the researches on the relationships of the indices will be needed more in the macroscopic viewpoint.