사무직 근로자의 수면의 질 및 직무스트레스와 우울과의 관련성

강미나,강수영,권수정,김현주,배재원,이보연,이예진,임의롬,정다영,조한솔 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2013 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.47

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand the degree of depression, sleep quality, job stress and their association among office workers. Method: A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 147 workers employed in 5 big enterprises, and 5 small and medium enterprises from October 21 to November 21, 2012. The questionnaires included socio-demographic and health-related characteristics, job-related characteristics, sleep quality, job stress (KOSS) and depression (CES-D). Result: Among all subjects, 23.1% was in the depression group (21 points and over in the CES-D score). Depressive level was positively correlated with job stress and quality of sleep. The adjusted odd ratio for the effects of sleep quality and job stress on depression significantly increased in the depression group compared to that of the normal group. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the following factors of influence had combined explanatory powers on depression: BMI, life satisfaction, quality of sleep, and job stress. Conclusion: The study revealed that complicated influences were exerted on the level of depression by variable factors, as well as socio-demographic characteristics, health-related characteristics, quality of sleep, and job stress. Specifically, the level of depression was influenced by the quality of sleep and job stress.

사무엘 베켓의 극 구조와 현대음악

강재원 현대영미어문학회 1998 현대영미어문학 Vol.16 No.1

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between Samuel Beckett's dramatic plot and the modern music. In the structure of the play the action of the play is cyclic, in that events of Act Ⅱ largely repeat and paralled those of Act Ⅰ. The two acts of the play therefore appear to be parts of an endless series, as Vladimir seems to realize when he comments, 'Off we go.' Accordingly I can find that Samuel Beckett does establish a much more tightly focused and limited aesthetic frame for his dialogue, and that this play builds upon Beckett's typical model. As we witness these two old men examining and questioning their relationship to their environment, their perception is clouded and uncertain. It seems to me that the unbridgeable gap between their consciousness and the sense they inhabit may well be the most powerful theatrical image in this play. If a player stops in order to repeat a passage or to resume playing after an interruption, musical time will stand still as it were, it will not be affected by the interruption and will go on only when musical proceeding continue. Therefore empirical time is a disturbance only because of its qualitative different from musical time. In music, for example, in temporal succession, as though simultaneity and polyphony did not matter as far as form is concerned. Accordingly it seems to me that two acts are enough to represent a sequence stretching to infinity as in the modem music.

연마방법에 따른 탄성의치의 표면거칠기와 Candida albicans의 부착율 변화

오주원,서재민,안승근,박주미,강철균,송광엽 대한치과보철학회 2012 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.50 No.2

연구 목적: 본 연구는 탄성의치 제작 시 주로 사용되는 polyamide를 수종의 연마방법을 사용하여 처리 후 Candida albicans의 부착정도와 표면거칠기를 비교하고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 25×15×2 mm 크기의 polyamide 시편을 4군으로 나누어 연마재를 사용하여 기공용 lathe 연마하는 방법(기공실내 연마방법)과 각기 다른 2종의 실리콘 포인트로 진료실내 연마하는 방법, 그리고 실리콘포인트 연마 후 pumice로 연마하는 방법으로 처리하였다. C. albicans의 부착성을 평가하기 위해 5×106 CFU/ml의 C. albicans 현탁액에 시편을 2시간 동안 침적하였고 5회 수세처리 후 한천배지에서 배양하였다. 그리고 주사전자 현미경(JSM-5900, JEOL LTd., Tokyo, Japan) 촬영을 시행하였다. Profilometer (Surf-pak; Kawasaki, Japan)를 이용하여 표면거칠기를 측정하였고 통계처리를 위하여 SPSS 18.0 프로그램을 사용하였다. 일원변량분석으로 비교 분석하였고 사후검증은 C. albicans의 부착성 검증을 위해 Scheffe test를 시행하였으며 표면조도검증을 위해 Tamhane’s T2 test를 시행하였다(α=.01). 결과: 최대 거칠기 값을 보인 군은 2단계의 연마용 버를 사용한 것으로 0.32 ㎛±0.10 값을 나타냈으며, 가장 낮은 거칠기 값을 보인 것은 tungsten carbide를 사용하지 않고 기공용 lathe로만 연마를 한 군으로 0.02 ㎛±0.00의 거칠기 값을 나타냈다. C. albicans 부착 실험에서는 기공용 lathe만을 이용한 연마방법이 가장 적은 부착수를 보였으며 다른 세 군과 유의한 차이가 발견되었다(P<.01). 결론: 표면거칠기 및 미생물 부착능 실험 결과 기공실 연마만을 시행한 경우 유의하게 낮은 거칠기 값과 부착율을 보였다. Pumice로 추가 연마한 군은 진료실연마를 시행한 군에 비해 낮은 거칠기 값을 보였으나 C. albicans 부착에 있어서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(P>.01). Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of 3 chairside polishing methods and laboratory polishing methods on surface roughness and C. albicans adhesion of polyamide denture base. Materials and methods: Using contact profilometer, the surface of polyamide specimens (25×15×2 mm) was studied after conventional polishing without finishing and after chiarside polishing with 2 chiarside polishing kits and chairside-pumice polishing following finishing with tungsten carbide bur. To evaluate the adhesion of C. albicans, C. albicans suspension was overlayed on the test specimen. And the specimens were incubated for 2 hours. Imprint culture method was achieved and counted the colony on the agar plate. Polished polyamide were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope. The statistics were conducted using one-way ANOVA and in case of difference, Scheffe test and Tamhane’s T2 test were used. Results: Surface roughness (Ra) of surfaces polished with 2 chairside polishing kits had higher than conventional polishing and pumice polishing. The highest roughness value was 0.32 ± 0.10 ㎛, and the lowest was 0.02 ± 0.00 ㎛. The adhesion of C. albicans on the specimens polished with chairside polishing group and pumice polishing group were increased than conventional polishing group (P<.01). Conclusion: Conventional laboratory polishing was found to produce the smoothest surface and the lowest adhesion of C. albicans. Two groups polished with Chairside polishing kits were similar with respect to surface roughness. Surface of the specimen polished with pumice is significantly smoother than 2 chairside polishing groups, but the result of C. albicans adhesion is that group polished with pumice was similar with 2 chairside polishing groups (P>.01).

사무엘 베� 극의 미학적 이원성

강재원 현대영미어문학회 1999 현대영미어문학 Vol.17 No.1

In this dissertation I want to try to study its aesthetic duality reflected in the structure of Samuel Beckett's plays. After 1945 there had been a considerable shift of ground in literature. The preoccupations of the inter-war years, remote from those of the 19th century, were almost equally remote from those of the post-war world. It was not so much that they were rejected as that they were left behind. Perhaps its last great expression, written in 1952 under the shadow of the atom-bomb, was Beckett's Waiting for Godot, in which the two protagonists waited helplessly in a desolate world for the moment when 'all will vanish and we'll be alone again, in the midst of nothings.' The play's vision could be seen as mixture of optimism and pessimism: this kind of mixture that Vladimir contemplates when reflecting that of the two thieves crucified with Christ 'one of them was saved. In this dissertation I can find that the identity of Godot is irrelevant to Beckett's dramatization of waiting, because the obscurity of Godot's relationship to the tramps contributes to the general absence of contextual detail that isolates Vladimir and Estragon in a kind of gnostic reality From this viewpoint, I wish to venture to discuss here some dominating elements of aesthetic duality reflected in the dramatic structure of Beckett's plays. His plays may be seen to exemplify the subsequent age of Post-Modernism. Post-Modernism is usually associated with the years from 1930 to the present day, and this age's major works nearly modify the preoccupations of Modernism by reducing them to extreme forms, to these extremely simple structures or extremely simple ideas.

Grade 2, 4 티타늄 마이크로 임플랜트의 식립 및 제거 토크와 식립 후 조직학적 반응의 비교

강승택,권오원,성재현,경희문,박효상 대한치과교정학회 2006 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.36 No.3

마이크로 임플랜트는 순티타늄과 티타늄 합금을 사용하고 있다. 순티타늄의 경우 grade가 낮을 수록 생체적합성은 증가하나 기계적 성질이 낮다. 이에 본 연구에서는 순티타늄 grade 2와 grade 4를 재료로 한 마이크로 임플랜트를 각각 토끼의 다리뼈에 식립한 후 2, 8, 12주의 시간경과에 따른 조직학적 소견의 차이와 식립, 제거 시의 최대토크의 측정으로 그 티타늄 종류에 따른 차이를 살펴보았다. 토끼의 경골에 식립한 티타늄의 종류에 따른 식립시 및 시간의 경과에 따른 제거시의 토크를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, grade 2와 grade 4간의 식립 시 최대토크의 차이는 없었다. 둘째, 식립 후 2, 8, 12주 후의 제거 시 최대토크 측정에서 전체 마이크로 임플랜트의 그룹간 차이는 없었다. 셋째, 2주에서 8주로 시간이 경과함에 따라 제거 시 최대토크가 유의하게 증가하였으며 8주와 12주간에는 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 따라서 유지력은 grade 2 티타늄과 비슷하지만 물리적 성질이 더 단단한 grade 4 티타늄을 마이크로 임플랜트 재료로 사용하는 것이 좋은 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the light microscopic features and the maximum insertional and removal torque value of microimplants, made from titanium grade 2 or 4, in the tibia of 6 rabbits. First, the maximum torque values of microimplants at implantation were measured. After 2, 8, and 12 weeks of healing time, the microimplant-containing segments of tibia of 2 rabbits were removed and the maximum removal torque of each microimplant were measured. Comparisons of histologic examination and insertional and removal torque values were carried out for the two groups of microimplants. Removal torque values were significantly increased in both groups after 8 and 12 weeks as compared to 2 weeks after implantation. Other values measured did not show any statistically significant differences and there were no histological differences between grade 2 and 4 titanium. Based on these results, this study showed that there were no significant differences between grade 2 and 4 titanium. It seems better to use grade 4 titanium for making microimplants because grade 4 titanium is mechanically harder than grade 2 titanium and has similar retention.

산전 초음파로 진단된 선천성 수신증 태아의 경험 1례

강민아,김도균,최석철,양회생,배철성,윤혜원,심재철,하달봉 동국대학교 경주대학 1997 東國論集 Vol.16 No.1

Prenatal ultarsound represents an accurate and reliable method for the detection of intrauterine anomalies, especially urinary tract anomalies. Hydronephrosis is the most common congenital condition detected by prenatal ultrasound. Prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis allows a good condition and therapeutic assessment of the patients prior to serious impairment of renal function so that in most cases the urological surgeon can opt for a parenchymal conserving procedure. The authors have experienced a case of congenital ureteropelvic obstruction with hydronephrosis diagnosed at 32 weeks of pregnancy and report our experience with a brief review of literature.

독성물질의 세포사 기전 및 세포사 유발물질의 검색법 개발에 관한 연구(Ⅰ) : 독성물질로 인한 파킨슨병 모델에서의 세포사 기전 연구 Study on the cell-death mechanisms of toxin-induced parkinsonism

강태석,김종민,서경원,김영옥,김준규,오재호,이윤동,김규봉,오정자,송연정,임종준,전범석,문전옥,최광식 식품의약품안전청 2000 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.4 No.-

MPTP 독성물질이 도파민성 신경세포에 선택적으로 작용하여 산화성 손상에 의한 신경세포사를 일으키는 것을 이용하여 파킨슨병의 동물모델을 만들고, 이를 통해서 아폼토시스를 비롯한 포사의 기전에 대한 연구 및 너코틴의 신경세포 보호효과 여부를 판정하는 실험을 병행하고자 하였다. 파킨슨꾐의 동물모델을 MPTf 독성 물질을 이용하여 확립하였으며, MPTP(30mgag, i.p.)를 투여한 후 1, 2,3, 4, 5일째 흑질 조직을 채춰하여 tarm로 박걸하여 tyrosine hydroxylase 면역조직화학염색을 수행하여 cell countif우한 결과, control은 57.635ce11s, 1일째 친.OfDells,2일째 57.9±6cells,3일릴 없.3±죠ells, 4일째 49.0츠3cells, 5일째 39.4±Scells료 4, 3일째 뚜렷한 신경세포 수의 감소를 보였다. 신경세포사 기전 규명을 위한 아폼토시스 분걱에서는 벼PTP 투여 후 1, 2, 3, 4, 5일째 조직을 채취하여 Hoechst staining, TUNEL staining을 수곡하였는데 양성 반응을 보인 신경세포는 관찰되지 않아. 아폼토시스로 인한 세포사가 관찰되지 않았다. bIPTP 파킨슨병 동물모델에서 nicotine 보호효과 탐색에 관한 실험은 nicat푸e 0.2mgAg을 5일 퐁안 투여 후 리『fP(30mgag)를 CS7Bt/6 마은스에 복강 내주사로 nicotine과 병용 투여한 후 1, 2, 3, 4, 5일째 뇌를 적출하땄다. 신경세포사가 뚜렷이 관찰되기 시작하는 4, 5일째의 신경세포 수의 감소 정도를 20. 30% 정도 약화시키는 경향을 보였으나, nicotine 보호효과에 대한 추가 실헝이 현재 수행 중에 있다. The cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) is largely unknown. However, free radical toxicit? may plaf a role ip. the degeneration of substantia nigra, which is the Hajorfocus of pathological damages in PD. Recently, a neuroprotective effect of nicotine in PD has been suggested. Therefore, the mechanism of neurodegenerafion and protective potential o( nicotine in PD were investigated in the experimental modeB of Pll using a neurotoxin, C57BL/6mice were administered with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, 30 mg/kg,j.p.). The degree of neurodegenerafion was determined by immunohistochemical stainiHB oftyrosine hydroxylase (TH). TH-positive cells on nigral sections were found 56.0 ±4, 57.9 ±6,52.315ce11s, 49.0±3cells, and 39,4±Scells at days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, respectively (controls : 57.6±Scells). Hoechst and TUNEL staining showed no evidence of apoptosis. The exandnation on themice co-adrunistered with nicotine(0.2mgAg) and MPTP(30mgag) revealed a tendency ofnicotine protective effects. At days 4 and 5, the degree of TH-positive cells was decreased by20-30%, In corclusiffn, the role of apoptosis was not evidenced in this MPTP modeB of PB.The possible proteccon by nicotine should be elucidated with further studies.

중성자 방사화분석에 의한 조선시대 청·백자 분류연구

姜炯台,李澈,諸元穆 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1989 環境科學論文集 Vol.10 No.-

조선시대 자기의 특성화를 위하여 중성자방사화분석법으로 15개의 미량성분원소 (Sm,Ga,K,La,Ce,Yb,Th,Hf,Na,Cs,Sc,Rb,Fe,Co,Eu) 함량을 결정하였다. 데이타의 수학적 처리법으로서 선형판별식분석법을 사용하였다. 이 선형판별식분석법으로서 자기의 분류에 유용한 변수를 선정한 다음 재차 선형결합방식으로 분류규칙을 구하였다. 판별점수로서 평면상에 도시한 결과 경기도 광주군 상번천리5호, 상번천리9호 및 도수리 청·백자의 분류효율은 각각 12/15,15/15,10/10이었다. Data on the concentration of Sm,Ga,K,La,Ce,Yb,Th,Hf,Na,Cs,Sc,Rb,Fe,Co and Eu obtained by neutron activation analysis have been used to characterize Korean porcelain by multivariate analysis. A combination of analytical data by means of statistical linear discriminant analysis(SLDA) has resulted in removal of redundant variables, optimal linear combination of meaningful variables and formulation of classification rules. The plot in the first-to-second discriminant scores has shown that the three distinct territorial regions exist among porcelains of Kyungkido Sangbunchulli No. 5, Sangbunchulli No. 9 and Dosuri, with respective efficiencies of 12/15,15/15 and 10/10.

Samuel Beckett의 희곡에 드러나는 불확실성에 대한 연구

강재원 한국영어영문학회 경남지부 1995 현대영미어문학 Vol.12 No.-

The purpose of this Paper is to study about the meaning of the uncertainty in the drama of Samuel Beckett. When I began to study the work of Beckett, the general impression seemed to be that his plays portrays the impossibility of achieving meaning in this chaotic world. It appeared to me that his play progressed towards a total nothingness, a nihilism. But after close reading of his works it seemed to be able to discover another way of meaning in them. This paper is to detect the significance of the uncertainty not in the literal sense of the word but in the demonstration of a scientific proof. In Waiting for Godot, in which plot, language and characters crumble to uncertainty, there is nothing certain. While waiting for Godot the two tramps. Vladimir and Estragon, waste time to avoid their loneliness because they don't care about the present. Their only future and meaning of existence in this time is dependent upon a visit of Godot. However Godot doesn't come and seems not to appear for ever. Their future is uncertain. The Beckettian characters cannot identify their real existence with themselves at a moment because being itself is in time and has to be changed in the stream of time. Both their future and present are uncertain. The uncertainty is a creature of the times and a result of the destruction of faith which hale been bequeathed to us since the Old Greek, the illusion of mankind, the Absolute being. Man realizes that he is thrown into life without any given meaning or purpose. Man has to find out the value of human being from emptiness of this world himself. The uncertainty means not the ambiguity of the whole things and events in the world but the possibility of the discrimination of some uncertain things from the major premise of authenticity. In this confusion and uncertainty one thing alone is certain. We are here now. Let us not waste our time in idle discourse. Let us do something, while we have the chance.(Waiting for Godot, p. 51a)

Fe-Mn-Si계 합금의 형상기억능에 미치는 변형온도 및 training 효과

강후원,한재익,장우양,강조원 조선대학교 생명과학연구소 2000 生産技術硏究 Vol.22 No.1

The shape memory effect is resulted from the reverse motion of Shockley partial dislocations which change εmartensite back to austenite. In Fe-Mn-Si alloys, the shape memory effect is obtained by the reverse transformation of stress-induced E martensite during heating. The reversibility of the motion of partial dislocations will not lead to a complete recovery. There are many factors influencing the shape memory effect like as alloy composition, Neel temperature, transformation temperature, applied stress and strain, annealing and quenching temperature, deformation and recovery annealing temperature etc. In this paper, shape memory effect by training treatment(cold working- annealing) and deformation temperature between -20℃ and 200℃ with amount of strain was improved in Fe-l5Mn-5Cr-10Co-3Si alloys Training treatment suppresses slip deformation and lower the stress for induced εmartensite transformation through introducing the stacking faults which can act as nucleation embryo for εmartensite.