Overexpression of Zoysia ZjCIGR1 gene confers cold stress resistance to zoysiagrass

Yang‑Ji Kim,Dae‑Hwa Yang,Mi‑Young Park,Hyeon‑Jin Sun,Pill‑Soon Song,Hong‑Gyu Kang,Seok‑Cheol Suh,Yong‑Eok Lee,이효연 한국식물생명공학회 2020 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.14 No.1

Zoysia japonica Steud. is a warm-season lawn grass popular in Korea and elsewhere. They are cultivated in many places such as river banks, roadside, and play grounds. However, there still is a disadvantage of frequent mowing, and the grass grows poorly under the chilly conditions. To develop a grass variety that circumvents these drawbacks, we cloned the chitininducible gibberellins-responsive1 gene (CIGR1) from zoysiagrass. The full length of the ZjCIGR1 (Zj; Zoysia japonica Steud.) gene was obtained by 5′/3′ RACE PCR and the phylogenetic tree showed that it belonged to the CIGR1-subgroup in the PAT1-group of GRAS protein family. Expression of the ZjCIGR1 in wild-type plants was confirmed in roots, meristems, leaves, and flowers, especially high in the flowers. The transgenic zoysiagrass was confirmed by PCR using gene-specific primers, phosphinothricin-acetyl-transferase (PAT) strip test, and Southern blot analysis. ZjCIGR1-overexpressing plants acquired tolerance to cold stress displaying morphological phenotypes characteristic of stress resistance. In addition, in the transformants, expression of the ZjCIGR1 as well as cold-regulated (COR) gene was increased compared to the wild-type plants under cold stress condition. These results suggest that ZjCIGR1 gene is an important candidate for regulating cold stress resistance.

Plant Regeneration and Bulblet Formation of Allium wakegi Araki

Song,Won-seob,Yang,Deok-Chun,Yoon,Jae-Ho,Ryu,Sang-Hyun 한국자원식물학회 2004 Plant Resources Vol.7 No.1

Allium wakegi was cultured shoot tip in the condition of light culture. The Allium wakegi added plant growth regulator was observed of plant regeneration and bulblet formation. Callus Induction and growing rate was the best of 78% when added alone 2,4-D 0.5mg/L. In the formation of shoot, its regeneration rate was 96% when added BA 0.5mg/L in the light culture condition. When BA 0.5mg/L and NAA 0.5mg/L mixed and BA 0.5 mg/L and NAA 1.0mg/L mixed, the rates were 99% and 97% respectively, and these conditions were suitable for forming shoot. In the formation of roots, when added NAA 2.0mg/L in the light culture condition, the regeneration rate was 90.6 % and the roots were abnormal. When added NAA 1.0mg/L, the rate was 82 % and the highest. In the formation of bulbs, when BA 05mg/L and NAA 1.0mg/L mixed, the root generantion and its size in the bulbs was the best compare to other treatment experiments.

조선후기 지방재정과 계방의 출현 : 제역 및 제역촌과 관련하여

송양섭(Song Yang-seop) 湖西史學會 2011 역사와 담론 Vol.0 No.59

The Gye-Bang is a form of financing administration reluctantly adopted by local governments as a protocol of Je-yeok witnessed the Daedong Act and the Gyunyeok Act during the eighteenth century. The old practice of Je-yeok, however, was extensively adhered in procuring local incomes even after the enactment of Daedong and the Gyunyeok because the financial compensation was limited to the central government and the local finance was still in trouble. In the meantime, with the background of both communal taxing and the practice of Yang-ho, a various ways of Bang-nab (a sort of proxy tax payment) were widespread; the traditional Jye-yeok Villages (the tax-exempt communities) were, as a result, transformed into a new form of Gye-bang. Same in the cases of contemporaneous Min-go and Gunpogye practices, the Gye-bang was a kind of proxy-taxing agent between local government and community; it was highly propagated with the merits of both evading military duties and financing local institutes though. As a result, the Gye-bang played a significant role in collecting local revenue and this explains why it was strongly customized in the local administration in spite of its banning by central government.

실리카흄 혼입 고강도 콘크리트의 함수율과 폭열 특성

송훈,문경주,이철웅,소양섭 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.24 No.1(구조계)

High strength concrete is mainly employed in high rise building as well as prestressed concrete. High strength concrete with design strength of 80MPa is applied to some building structure. High rise building using high strength concrete amounting to 100MPa is introduced. Recently, silica fume is positively employed as mineral admixture in manufacturing ultra high strength due to the formation of tight matrix inducing the advancement of physi-chemical properties such as the freeze-thaw resistance, corrosion resistance and chemical resistance etc. as well as improvement in strength and durability. In spite of the effectiveness of silica fume, the explosive spalling in concrete exposed surface near the source of fire incurs when exposed to high temperature in relative short tenn. Thus, this study is concerned with experimentally revealing fire resistance of high strength concrete adding silica fume. Explosive spalling happened when heat flux and furnace temperature amounted to 49-63.3KW/m² and 608-676℃, respectively, which are the almost same value with fire temperature in site.

中學生의 尊待法 實態考察 : 麗水·麗川 地域을 中心으로

成洋彬 朝鮮大學校 敎育大學院 1986 敎育論叢 Vol.2 No.2

국제계약에 있어서 계약언어의 선택과 효과

송양호 韓國仲裁學會 2005 중재연구 Vol.15 No.1

When closing an international contract, both contract parties endeavor to convey their intentions from the stage of negotiation to the moment of signing the contract. Of the many problems presently related to contract language, the first one to consider is which contract party will run the risk of the language deficiencies occurring as a result of the misunderstanding and misinterpretation between different languages. The second problem to consider is whether the interpretation and translation of the contract language is needed and, if so, which party is going to bear the expenses and assume responsibility of the misinterpretation in the translation of, the contract language. The third problem is related to the obligation of explaining to both contract parties the contents and details of the international contract written in different languages. The fourth issue is which language of both contract parties becomes the standard contract language in the procedure of arbitration. The fifth, but not the last problem, is how to solve the language defects in interpreting and translating the contract languages. These five problems can be easily solved by the approval of the contract parties in scrutinizing and selecting the contract languages. However, this research mainly focuses on which effects of the contract language and as how io define and select the contract language.

江原道 書院現況調査

宋楊燮 春川敎育大學 1986 論文集 Vol.26 No.-

This survey of the Seoweon (書院) has been done for the following objectives. First : To offer the fundamental data needed for the study on the educational system of Seoweon, a knid of traditional and private educational institutes in Korea. Second : To find the basic grounds for utilzation of Seoweon as training places for the national pride and identity through the upsurging of the great respects for our ancient sages and framous teachers. Third : To provide materials desirable for the policy which would stimulate local culture on the basis that Seoweon exercise the great influences on the morality and curtom of the people. The results of the survey are as follows ; 1. There are 10 Seoweons (書院) in Kangweon-do, and they are more distributed in the areas of Kangneung, Wonju and Chuncheon than any other areas. 2. One of them was established in the period of foundation in 17th Century, which falls under from the time of Joong Jong (中宗) to Seon Jo (宣祖). Eight of them were esta131ished in the period of development in 17c-l8c, from the time of Kwuang Hae Kun (光海君) to Jeong Jo (正祖) and the rest were in the period of decline in 19c, from the time of Soon Jo (純祖) to Ko Jong (高宗). O'Bong Seoweon (五峰書院) in Kangneung was the first one (1556) in Kangweon-do. 3. 22 Sages were respected and served ritually at the Seoweon (書院) in Kangweon-do, and each of them has a particular relaton with the place in which Seonweon had been founded. It was Confucius (孔子) and Chu-tzu (朱子) that were served ritually at O'Bong Seoweon (五峰書院) without any relations with the place, and those who do the services are Confucian scholars and civil officials. 4. Seoweon in Kangweon-do were all abolished by the removal policy of Dae Weon Kun (大院君) in 1868, and in 1871. 5. The buldings of Seoweons (書院) were rebuilt as follows. O'Bong Seoweon (五峰書院) in 1964, Songdam Seoweon (松潭書院) in 1971 in Kangneung area, and Don-gmyong Seoweon (東溟書院) in 1982 in Yangyang. 6. Among Seoweons (書院) in Kangweon-do, there arc 4 ones that do the ritual services. O'Bong Seoweon and Songdam Seoweon in Kangneung, Dongmyong Seoweon in Yangyang, and Kyeong haeng Seoweon in Samcheok area. O'Bong Seoweon does the ritual service on the day of the first Jeong (上丁日) in September of the lunar calendar (陰歷 9月), and the other Seoweon do it on the day of the second Jeong (中丁日) in February of the lunar calendar (陰歷 2月). The traditional ritual services are done according to the following procedures ; Jeonpae-rae (奠幣禮), Choheon-rae (初獻禮), A'heon-rae (亞獻禮), Jongheon-rae (綜獻禮), Umbok-rae (飮獻禮), and Mangyae-rae(望痙禮) . 7. The properties of Seoweon in Kangweon-do are mainly books and real estates (e, g. rice paddy fields, patches, and forests, etc.), These properties were transferred to Hyany-Gyo (鄕校) since Seoweon had been abolished. 44 kinds of books (467.volumes) transferred from O'Bong Seoweon and 34 kinds of books (148 volumes) from Songdam Seoweon have now been managed in Kangneung Hyang-Gyo (江陵鄕校) .

書院의 祠廟成立過程에 關한 考察

宋楊燮 春川敎育大學 1989 論文集 Vol.29 No.-

한국 고대 호국사상(護國思想)에 관한 연구

송양섭 춘천교육대학교 초등교육연구소 2003 敎育硏究 Vol.20 No.-

교육대학생의 교직에 관한 의식 : 춘천교육대학생을 중심으로

宋楊燮 춘천교육대학 학생지도연구소 1984 學生生活硏究 Vol.9 No.-

This study is purposed on the presenting essential materials for the improvements on the teacher training system, the management for the curriculum and the guidance with the analyzing the students' angles on the teaching profession. 302 students in Chun Cheon Teachers College served as subjects, This survey is devided into 6 areas ① The basic angles on the teaching profession, ② The angles on the teaching activities, ③ The angles on the human relations, ④ The angles on the education of children, ⑤ The angles on the social recognition of teaching profession, ⑥ etc, . Conducting this survey.I suggest some proposals as follows. ① It is necessary to establish the systems that students can apply for the teaching profession with the firm beliefs and a sense of duty on the teaching profession. ② It is necessary to reinforce the traning for the preparation, producing materials for the lesson. ③ It is also necessary to change the students' recognition that the educational administrative authorities are supporting positively for the teaching activities of teachers. ④ It is necessary to train the future-teachers that they should have devote themselves to the children with the full understandings and warm affections. ⑤ It is also necessary to improve the training systems for the high professional qualification,the rise in teachers' social status and to produce the atmosphere that the autonomy of teachers can be respected.