Molecular Basis for SMC Rod Formation and Its Dissolution upon DNA Binding

Soh, Young-Min,Bü,rmann, Frank,Shin, Ho-Chul,Oda, Takashi,Jin, Kyeong ,Sik,Toseland, Christopher ,P.,Kim, Cheolhee,Lee, Hansol,Kim, Soo ,Jin,Kong, Min-Seok,Durand-Diebold, Marie-Laure Cell Press 2015 Molecular cell Vol.57 No.2

<▼1><P><B>Summary</B></P><P>SMC condensin complexes are central modulators of chromosome superstructure in all branches of life. Their SMC subunits form a long intramolecular coiled coil, which connects a constitutive “hinge” dimerization domain with an ATP-regulated “head” dimerization module. Here, we address the structural arrangement of the long coiled coils in SMC complexes. We unequivocally show that prokaryotic Smc-ScpAB, eukaryotic condensin, and possibly also cohesin form rod-like structures, with their coiled coils being closely juxtaposed and accurately anchored to the hinge. Upon ATP-induced binding of DNA to the hinge, however, Smc switches to a more open configuration. Our data suggest that a long-distance structural transition is transmitted from the Smc head domains to regulate Smc-ScpAB’s association with DNA. These findings uncover a conserved architectural theme in SMC complexes, provide a mechanistic basis for Smc’s dynamic engagement with chromosomes, and offer a molecular explanation for defects in Cornelia de Lange syndrome.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>•<P>Prokaryotic Smc-ScpAB complexes form rod-like structures</P>•<P>Binding of ATP and DNA induces a rod-to-ring transition in prokaryotic condensin</P>•<P>The condensin hinge is rigidly anchored to its coiled coil</P>•<P>The rod-like conformation is a conserved feature of SMC protein dimers</P></P></▼2><▼3><P>Soh et al. show that the rod-like conformation is a conserved architectural scheme of SMC complexes. Upon ATP-induced binding to DNA, the juxtaposed coiled coils of prokaryotic Smc-ScpAB adopt an open conformation to expose a DNA binding site at the inner surface of the hinge domain.</P></▼3>

현대사회와 위험관리 ; 위험의 사후적 관리

소영진 ( Young - Jin Soh ) 한국행정연구원 1994 韓國行政硏究 Vol.3 No.4

연구논문 : 수도권 거주 성인의 물냉면 섭취 현황 및 실태에 관한 연구

이소민 ( Soh Min Lee ),김진영 ( Jin Young Kim ),김광옥 ( Kwang Ok Kim ) 한국식생활문화학회 2015 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.30 No.3

Despite expansion of the mulnaengmyeon market, there have been no studies on consumers’ attitudes towards mulnaengmyeon. The purpose of this study was to investigate the usage and consumption patterns for mulnaengmyeon among adults in the Seoul metropolitan area of Korea. A survey including demo- and socio-graphics, general mulnaengmyeon usage, and consumption questions was tested on 210 consumers. The results of the survey showed that the majority of consumers consumed mulnaengmyeon more frequently during summer. Although the instant mulnaengmyeon market has rapidly increased, it was found that mulnaengmyeon is a food that is generally consumed in restaurants. In addition, mulnaengmyeon usage and consumption patterns significantly differed according to consumer age, whereas there was no difference observed according to parent’s or grandparent’s hometown of origin. Older consumers were observed to consume and purchase mulnaengmyeon as well as instant mulnaengmyeon more often than young consumers. Also, older consumers were shown to consider “health” related factors as more important when selecting mulnaengmyeon, whereas young consumers considered “price” related factors to be more important.

삼지구엽초의 다량번식을 위한 기내 식물체 분화

한명희(Young-Hee Han),최병렬(Byoung-Ryourl Choi),소호섭(Ho-Seob Soh),이성재(Seong-Jae Lee),최영진(Young-Jin Choi),김세영(Se-Young Kim) 한국원예학회 2000 원예과학기술지 Vol.18 No.6

Insecticidal activities of methanol extracts and compounds from Asiasarum sieboldii against Plutella xylostella and Nilaparvata lugens

Gee Young Lee,Ho Seob Soh,Young Hee Han,Hyun Ju Lee,Sung Kee Kim,Jin-Cheol Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.05

To find an alternative for synthetic pesticides, methanol extract from plant samples were tested for their insecticidal activity against insect. The extract of Asiasarum sieboldii had strongly insecticidal activity against Plutella xylostella. Roots of A. sieboldii were extracted with methanol, and the concentrated extract was partitioned with n-hexane, ethylacetate, n-buthanol and H2O. The highest activity was shown in the hexane fraction. Activity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of two amides from hexane fration through the repeated silica gel column chromatographic separations. From the interpretation of spectropic data including NMR, MS, IR, the chemical structures of compounds were determined as dodeca-2E,4E,8Z,10Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide and dodeca-2E,4E,8Z, 10E-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide. These compounds showed insecticidal activity on P. xylostella by 96.7% at 100ppm. The liquid formulation controlled on cabbage effectively. The extract and compounds from A. sieboldii showed insecticidal activity against Nilaparvata lugens. As a naturally occurring pesticide, A. sieboldii could be useful as a new botanic insecticide.

딜레마 예방을 위한 제도적 설계

소영진 ( Young Jin Soh ),안성민 ( Songmin Ahn ) 고려대학교 정부학연구소 2021 정부학연구 Vol.27 No.1

딜레마는 대립하는 두 대안 사이에서 선택이 어려운 상황이다. 딜레마 상황에서는 선택이 어려울 뿐 아니라, 어떠한 선택이 이루어지더라도 그에 대한 반발 내지는 가치의 훼손으로 커다란 사회적 비용을 야기한다. 기존의 딜레마 연구들은 주로 결정자가 자기의 비용을 최소화하기 위하여 어떠한 대응을 하는지에 치중하였다. 본 논문은 사회적 비용의 관점에서 딜레마가 야기하는 비용을 최소화하기 위해서는 사후적 대응보다는 사전적 예방이 효과적이라는 점에 착안하여 딜레마를 예방할 수 있는 제도적 방안들을 검토하였다. 먼저 딜레마 상황임에도 이를 인지하지 못할 경우 예방노력이 원천적으로 불가능하다는 점에서 딜레마 인지를 원활하게 하는 방안들을 검토하였고, 다음으로 딜레마를 예방하려면 사전에 딜레마를 구성하는 요소들의 존재를 제거해야 한다는 점에서 딜레마의 논리적 구성요소인 분절성과 상충성을 제거 또는 완화할 수 있는 다양한 방안들을 제시하였다. A dilemma is a situation where it is difficult to choose between two opposing alternatives. In a dilemma situation, not only is it difficult to make a choice, but even if any choice is made, it causes great social costs due to the inevitable backlash against it or damage to its value. Existing dilemma studies have mainly focused on what actions the decision makers should take in order to minimize their own costs. In this paper, focusing on the fact that proactive prevention is effective rather than ex-post response when attempting to minimize the social costs caused by dilemmas, we reviewed the institutional measures which are used to prevent dilemmas. First, we have reviewed measures to facilitate dilemma recognition because if we do not recognize that it is a dilemma situation, prevention efforts are fundamentally impossible. Next, we presented various measures to remove or alleviate the discreteness and conflicts, which are the main logical components of dilemmas, focusing on the fact that a dilemma cannot exist if the elements constituting the dilemma are removed in advance.

문화과학의 객관성에 관한 소고 - 막스 베버 ( Max Weber ) 의 과학론을 중심으로 -

소영진 ( Young - Jin Soh ) 한국행정학회 1990 韓國行政學報 Vol.24 No.3

형식주의의 재해석: 딜레마 측면에서

소영진 ( Young Jin Soh ),안성민 ( Song Min Ahn ) 한국행정학회 2011 韓國行政學報 Vol.45 No.3

행정학에서 형식주의는 제도와 관행의 괴리를 지칭하는 개념으로서 대체로 부정적인 의미를 가지고 있었다. 그러나 딜레마 연구에서는 형식주의가 발생하는 원인을 딜레마 대응행위에서 찾음으로써 형식주의에 대한 새로운 평가의 필요성을 제기하였다. 하지만 그동안의 연구에서는 실제 다양한 상황에서 나타나는 형식주의의 형태나 함의를 종합적으로 고찰하지 못하였다. 본 논문에서는 정책결정단계에서의 딜레마 인지 여부와 집행단계에서의 딜레마 대응 양상에 따라 나타나는 상이한 형식주의의 발생원인, 양태 등을 각각의 사례를 통하여 체계적으로 분석하고, 그 함의를 종합적으로 고찰하고자 한다. In public administration studies, formalism indicates a gap between institution and practice. It has had a somewhat negative connotation. Recent dilemma studies looked upon it as one of reactions to dilemma, and suggested a possibility for reappraisal of formalism. But these studies couldn`t produce a systematic and overall view of various aspects of formalism. In this essay, we pay attention to the possibility that dilemma perceptions in the policy decision-making process and dilemma reactions in the policy implementation process could create various sorts of formalism. We therefore conduct policy case studies on various situations involving dilemma and find the causes, forms, and meanings of formalism in each case.

우정사업 보편적 우편서비스의 유지비용추정 및 수익성에 관한 연구

소영진(Young Jin Soh),김병규(Byung Kyu Kim) 한국정부학회 2010 한국행정논집 Vol.22 No.1

근래에 우편사업에 있어서 경쟁의 확대, 정보통신기술의 발달에 따른 우편물량의 감소, 자유무역의 확산으로 인한 우편시장개방과 민영화의 압력 등 우편사업을 둘러싼 환경들의 변화는 우편사업자들의 역할과 경영방침에 변화를 요구하고 있으며 특히, `기본적인 통신수단을 제공하여 국민들의 형평성을 제고하는 보편적 우편서비스를 계속해서 정부기관이 제공해야 하는가?`라는 질문을 던지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 보편적 우편서비스를 자연독점의 관점에서 접근하여 이해하고 이를 토대로 수익성방식을 통해 그 유지비용을 추정하고, 유지비용을 충당하기 위한 신서전장권이라는 독점의 가치가 어느 정도인지 추정하였다. 또한 Risk 분석을 통한 현재의 우편사업의 수익성과 신서전장권의 대상인 우편사업들이 어느 정도 수익에 기여하고 있는가를 검토하였다. 그 결과 신서전장권에 의한 우편독점의 가치는 보편적 우편서비스의 유지비용을 충당하는데는 부족한 것으로 나타났으며, 수익성에 대한 민감도 분석결과 통상우편이나 등기우편, 보통소포는 수익에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 규모의 경제가 작동하고 국민들에게 기본서비스를 제공하는 보편적 우편서비스는 공공재로서 정부기관에 의해 제공되는 것이 바람직하다고 판단된다. Recent changes surrounding postal services like the expansion of competition in postal services, the reduction in the use of postal services due to the development of information and communication technology, and pressure on opening postal market due to FTA and privatization from business sector make the role and business policies of postal service provider change. Especially, debate on Korea Post should continue to provide universal postal services has been issued. To respond this question, we estimate the cost of universal postal services using profitability approach, and the value of current postal monopoly which is given to cover the cost of USO. Then we estimate profitability of current postal services and sensitivity of each with Crystall Ball. In results, we find the value of given postal monopoly is not enough to cover the cost of universal postal services, and the postal services assured by the monopoly contribute to produce profitability a little. Hence, universal postal services should be provided by the government institution as public good to enhance equity of the citizenry.

[¹⁸F]fluorothymidine PET Informs the Synergistic Efficacy of Capecitabine and Trifluridine/Tipiracil in Colon Cancer

Kim, Seog-Young,Jung, Jin Hwa,Lee, Haeng Jung,Soh, Hyunsu,Lee, Sang Ju,Oh, Seung Jun,Chae, Sun Young,Lee, Jai Hyuen,Lee, Seung Jin,Hong, Yong Sang,Kim, Tae Won,Moon, Dae Hyuk American Association for Cancer Research 2017 Cancer research Vol.77 No.24

<P>These findings suggest that any inhibitor with a primary target mechanism of thymidylate synthase inhibition may be combined with trifluridine/tipiracil in colon cancer and possibly other cancer types.</P><P>In cancer therapy, enhanced thymidine uptake by the salvage pathway can bypass dTMP depletion, thereby conferring resistance to thymidylate synthase inhibition. We investigated whether sequential combination therapy of capecitabine and trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS-102) could synergistically enhance antitumor efficacy in colon cancer xenograft models. We also examined 3'-deoxy-3′-[<SUP>18</SUP>F]fluorothymidine ([<SUP>18</SUP>F]FLT) PET as a means to predict therapeutic response to a sequential combination of capecitabine and trifluridine/tipiracil. [<SUP>3</SUP>H]FLT uptake after 5-fluorouracil treatment <I>in vitro</I> and [<SUP>18</SUP>F]FLT uptake after capecitabine (360 mg/kg/day) in athymic nude mice (Balb/c-nu) with xenografts (<I>n</I> = 10–12 per group) were measured using eight human colon cancer cell lines. We determined the synergistic effects of sequential combinations of 5-fluorouracil and trifluridine <I>in vitro</I> as well as the sequential combination of oral capecitabine (30–360 mg/kg) and trifluridine/tipiracil (trifluridine 75 or 150 mg/kg with tipiracil) in six xenograft models (<I>n</I> = 6–10 per group). We observed significant increases in [<SUP>3</SUP>H]FLT uptake in all cell lines and [<SUP>18</SUP>F]FLT uptake in five xenograft models after 5-fluorouracil and capecitabine treatment, respectively. Increased [<SUP>18</SUP>F]FLT uptake after capecitabine followed by extinction of uptake correlated strongly with tumor growth inhibition (<I>ρ</I> = −0.81, <I>P</I> = 0.02). The effects of these combinations were synergistic <I>in vitro</I>. A synergy for sequential capecitabine and trifluridine/tipiracil was found only in mouse xenograft models showing increased [<SUP>18</SUP>F]FLT uptake after capecitabine. Our results suggest that the sequential combination of capecitabine and trifluridine/tipiracil is synergistic in tumors with an activated salvage pathway after capecitabine treatment in mice, and [<SUP>18</SUP>F]FLT PET imaging may predict the response to capecitabine and the synergistic antitumor efficacy of a sequential combination of capecitabine and trifluridine/tipiracil. <I>Cancer Res; 77(24); 7120–30. ©2017 AACR</I>.</P>