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Su Hwan Kim,Yun Jeong Lim,Junseok Park,심기남,Dong-Hoon Yang,Jaeyoung Chun,Jin Su Kim,Hyun Seok Lee,Hoon Jai Chun,Research Group for Capsule Endoscopy/Small Bowel Endoscopy 대한내과학회 2020 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.35 No.4
Background/Aims: Capsule endoscopy (CE) is widely used for the diagnosis of small bowel diseases. The clinical performance and complications of small bowel CE, including completion rate, capsule retention rate, and indications, have been previously described in Korea. This study aimed at estimating the recent changes in clinical performance and complications of small bowel CE based on 17-year data from a Korean Capsule Endoscopy Registry. Methods: CE registry data from 35 hospitals were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical information, including completion rate, capsule retention rate, and indications, was collected and analyzed. In addition, the most recent 5-year data for CE examinations were compared with the previous 12-year data. Results: A total of 4,650 CE examinations were analyzed. The most common indication for CE was obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB). The overall incomplete examination rate was 16% and the capsule retention rate was 3%. Crohn’s disease was a risk factor for capsule retention. Inadequate bowel preparation was significantly associated with capsule retention and incomplete examination. An indication other than OGIB was a risk factor for incomplete examination. A recent increasing trend of CE diagnosis of Crohn’s disease was observed. The most recent 5-year incomplete examination rate for CE examinations decreased compared with that of the previous 12 years. Conclusions: The 17-year data suggested that CE is a useful and safe tool for diagnosing small bowel diseases. The incomplete examination rate of CE decreased with time, and OGIB was consistently the main indication for CE. Inadequate bowel preparation was significantly associated with capsule retention and incomplete examination.
DPC4 Expression in the Small Intestinal Adenocarcinomas
이선재,윤길숙,유은실,배영경,장기택,김준미,배한익,홍승모,The Korean Small Intestinal Cancer Study Group 대한병리학회 2012 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.46 No.5
Background: Small intestinal adenocarcinomas (SACs) are rare malignancies of the alimentary tract with uncertain carcinogenesis. Methods: We investigated the expression of deleted in pancreatic cancer 4 (DPC4) in 188 cases of surgically resected SACs, using tissue microarray technology. Results: Twenty-four of the 188 tumors showed complete loss of Smad4/DPC4 expression in cytoplasm (score, 0; 12.8%). Eighty-four and 31 cases were moderately and strongly positive, respectively (score, 2 and 3; 44.7% and 16.5%, respectively) and 49 cases were focally or weakly stained (score, 1; 29.1%). Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that the expression of Smad4/DPC4 was related to an increased risk of lymphatic invasion but not to other clinicopathological features of the tumors (tumor location, differentiation, growth pattern, T stage, direct invasion, vascular invasion, and nodal metastasis). There was no significant association between Smad4/DPC4 expression and patient survival. Conclusions: The present research is the first study to evaluate Smad4/DPC4 expression in a large sample of SACs with clinicopathologic correlation. Future studies should focus on the immunohistochemical and molecular characteristics of SACs to clarify their tumorigenesis.
Peristaltic pumping of an Ellis fluid in an inclined asymmetric channel
A. Small,P. Nagarani,M. Narahari 한국전산응용수학회 2023 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.41 No.1
The flow of an incompressible Ellis fluid in an inclined asymmetric channel, driven by peristaltic waves was studied under low Reynolds number and long wavelength assumptions. The wave on each side of the channel are assumed to be an infinite train of sinusoidal waves, both having the same constant wave speed and wavelength however, they vary in wave amplitude, channel half width and phase angle. We derived expressions for the axial and transverse velocities, volume flow rate, pressure rise per unit wavelength and streamlines. The effects of varying the wave amplitudes, the phase angle, the channel width, the angle of inclination of the channel as well as the fluid parameters on the flow were analyzed. Trapping conditions were determined and the presence of reflux highlighted using the streamlines for the necessary channel and fluid conditions. By varying the fluid parameters, changes in the fluid that deviated from the Newtonian case resulted in a reduction in the axial velocity in the neighborhood of the center of the channel and a simultaneous increase in the velocity at the periphery of the channel. A nonlinear relation was observed with the pressure rise and the volume flow rate. This nonlinear relation is more pronounced with an increase in the absolute value of the volume flow rate. For Newtonian fluids a linear relation exists between these two variables. The fluid parameters had little effects on the streamlines. However, variations of the wave amplitudes, volume flow, channel width and phase angle had greater effects on the streamlines and hence the trapped region.
Philippa Small,Cathrine Neilsen-Hewett,Naomi Sweller 환태평양유아교육연구학회 2013 Asia-Pacific journal of research in early childhoo Vol.7 No.3
This study examined how pre- and post-service early childhood teachers’ beliefs and responses to bullying among young children differ by level of qualification, type of bullying and whether or not it was witnessed. Results showed 1st and 4th-year student- and diploma-qualified teachers perceived acts of physical bullying to be more serious than verbal or relational bullying to a greater extent than did degree-qualified teachers. Degree-qualified teachers were less susceptible to bullying type and indicated they would be more likely to intervene than the other three groups. Results are discussed in relation to their implication for teaching practice and the content of pre-service education.
Novel hybrid materials of cellulose fibres and doped ZnS nanocrystals
Aaron C. Small,James. H. Johnston 한국물리학회 2008 Current Applied Physics Vol.8 No.3,4
During the past decade semiconductor nanocrystals have been studied extensively, in particular ZnS nanocrystals doped with opti-cally active luminescent centres. Such materials have created new opportunities in the areas of photo-voltaic solar cells and light-emittingdiodes. In this study, photoluminescent cellulose bres were prepared by coating bleached Kraft bres (Pinus radiata) with ZnS nano-crystals doped with Mn2+ and Cu2+ ions. In doing so, the inherent properties of the bre (such as tensile strength and exibility) havebeen preserved, but imparted to it are the photoluminescent properties of the coating. A wet chemical synthesis method was used infrom 0.1 to 2 wt%. After successive washings and sonication, the particles remained bonded to the surface of the bre, and the bres wereable to be formed into a paper sheet. Samples were characterized by photoluminescence spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Ki, Yo Sook,Park, Eun Young,Lee, Heon-Woo,Oh, Myung Sook,Cho, Young-Wuk,Kwon, Yunhee K<small>IM</small>,Moon, Ji Hee,Lee, Kyung-Tae Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2010 Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin Vol.33 No.6
<P>Although donepezil, a potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, has been used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to its neuroprotective effects, its mode of action to inhibit the growth of cancer cells is poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the pro-apoptotic activities of donepezil in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells and the underlying molecular mechanism involved. It was found that donepezil induced the apoptosis of HL-60 and U937 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, as evidenced by the formation of DNA fragmentation and the accumulation of positive cells for Annexin V. In addition, the activations of caspase-8, -9, and -3 were significantly increased 36 h after donepezil treatment. Furthermore, the broad caspase inhibitor (z-VAD-fmk) blocked donepezil-induced apoptosis. In addition, donepezil was found to cause the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ<SUB>m</SUB>), to increase the release of cytochrome <I>c</I> to the cytosol, and to alter the expressions of Bcl-2 family proteins. Taken together, these results demonstrate for the first time that donepezil displayed an induction of apoptosis in HL-60 cells <I>via</I> a mitochondria-mediated caspase-dependent pathway.</P>
Altered testicular gene expression patterns in mice lacking the polyubiquitin gene <i>Ubb</i>
Sinnar, Shamim A.,Small, Christopher L.,Evanoff, Ryan M.,Reinholdt, Laura G.,Griswold, Michael D.,Kopito, Ron R.,Ryu, Kwon‐,Yul Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2011 Molecular reproduction and development Vol.78 No.6
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Ubiquitin (Ub) is an essential protein found in all eukaryotic cells and plays important roles in a variety of cellular functions including germ cell development. We have previously reported that targeted disruption of the polyubiquitin gene <I>Ubb</I> results in male and female infertility in <I>Ubb</I><SUP><I>−/−</I></SUP> mice, with germ cells arrested at meiotic prophase I. Although reduced Ub levels in germ cells are believed to be responsible for the fertility defect in <I>Ubb</I><SUP><I>−/−</I></SUP> mice, it is still unclear how reduced Ub levels result in sterility. Here we describe the results of a microarray analysis of the murine testicular transcriptome, which demonstrates dramatically altered gene expression patterns in <I>Ubb</I><SUP><I>−/−</I></SUP> mice, possibly related to reduced levels of histone 2A (H2A) ubiquitylation. We find that large numbers of genes related to fertility, metabolism, transcription, and the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) are misregulated in <I>Ubb</I><SUP><I>−/−</I></SUP> mice. Such wide‐ranging alterations in gene expression suggest that loss of the <I>Ubb</I> gene does not mimic a single‐gene defect phenotype, but instead may affect gene expression more globally. These dramatic changes in gene expression could, at least in part, contribute to the complex fertility and metabolic phenotypes seen in these mice. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 78:415–425, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.</P>