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Ming, Jun,Kwak, Won‐,Jin,Park, Jin‐,Bum,Shin, Chang‐,Dae,Lu, Jun,Curtiss, Larry,Amine, Khalil,Sun, Yang‐,Kook WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2014 ChemPhysChem Vol.15 No.10
<P>A new physical pulverization strategy has been developed to prepare a highly active composite of CoOx and crushed graphite (CG) for the cathode in lithium-oxygen batteries. The effect of CoOx loading on the charge potential in the oxygen evolution reaction (Li2O2 -> 2Li(+) + O-2 + 2e(-)) was investigated in coin-cell tests. The CoOx (38.9 wt%)/CG composite showed a low charge potential of 3.92 V with a delivered capacity of 2 mAh cm(-2) under a current density of 0.2 mA cm(-2). The charge potential was 4.10 and 4.15 V at a capacity of 5 and 10 mAh cm(-2), respectively, with a current density of 0.5 mA cm(-2). The stability of the electrolyte and discharge product on the gas-diffusion layer after the cycling were preliminarily characterized by H-1 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The high activity of the composite was further analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and potential-step chronoamperometry. The results indicate that our near-dry milling method is an effective and green approach to preparing a nanocomposite cathode with high surface area and porosity, while using less solvent. Its relative simplicity compared with the traditional solution method could facilitate its widespread application in catalysis, energy storage, and materials science.</P>
언어 정보 구조를 중시하는 연구 언어 연구의 새로운 시야 개척 (2)
陸劍明(Jian-Ming Lu),辛勤英(Geun-Young Shin) 중국어문논역학회 2023 中國語文論譯叢刊 Vol.- No.53
“인도유럽어의 간섭에서 벗어나 순수한 시각으로 중국어를 보자”는 1980년대 초 朱德熙의 중국어 문법 연구에 대한 호소로, 학계에서는 이에 호응하며 많은 연구의 길을 걸어왔다. 따라서 본고 역시 이러한 흐름에 입각하여 중국어 언어 정보 구조라는 새로운 시각으로 중국어 문법을 심도 있게 분석해 보았다. 본고에서는 언어의 기능과 언어의 본질적 속성에 대해 새롭게 인식해야 한다고 제기했다. 본고에서는 언어의 가장 본질적인 기능이 정보 전달이며, 언어 자체는 소리와 의미가 서로 결합하여 계층성을 지닌 복잡한 부호 체계로 여긴다. 이와 같은 이유로 ‘정보 전달’이라는 언어의 가장 본질적인 기능에 의해 결정되는 것이다. 본고에서는 문장이 전달하는 정보는 문장 자체 의미가 아니라는 것을 간략하게 설명하였고, 국내외 언어 정보 구조 연구에 대해서 요약하여 소개했다. 문장 구조와 문장 정보 구조의 관계에 대해 중점적으로 분석하여 연구의 실효성을 설명하였다. In the 1980s, Professor Zhu Dexi proposed that we should keep away from interferences of Indo-European languages and study Chinese grammar unostentatiously. Since then, the academia has made positive responses and explored various new ways. This paper features another such exploration from the perspective of language information structure. It first reconsiders the basic function of language as conveying information and views language in itself as a complicated, multi-level system of signs that combine sound and meaning. It further points out that it is this basic function of language that makes what language is like now. The paper then argues that information conveyed by a sentence is not the same thing as its meaning. This is followed by a focused analysis of the relations between sentence structure and sentence information structure and how analysis of the latter has effectively solved a few problems arising in Chinese grammar. The paper finally calls for more studies of Chinese grammar from the perspective of language information structure.
Xie, Shaozhen,Lee, Yi-Fen,Kim, Eungseok,Chen, Lu-Min,Ni, Jing,Fang, Lei-Ya,Liu, Su,Lin, Shin-Jen,Abe, Jun-Ichi,Berk, Bradford,Ho, Feng-Ming,Chang, Chawnshang National Academy of Sciences 2009 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.106 No.32
<P>Testicular orphan nuclear receptor 4 (TR4) is an orphan member of the nuclear receptor superfamily with diverse physiological functions. Using TR4 knockout (TR4(-/-)) mice to study its function in cardiovascular diseases, we found reduced cluster of differentiation (CD)36 expression with reduced foam cell formation in TR4(-/-) mice. Mechanistic dissection suggests that TR4 induces CD36 protein and mRNA expression via a transcriptional regulation. Interestingly, we found this TR4-mediated CD36 transactivation can be further enhanced by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as omega-3 and -6 fatty acids, and their metabolites such as 15-hydroxyeico-satetraonic acid (15-HETE) and 13-hydroxy octa-deca dieonic acid (13-HODE) and thiazolidinedione (TZD)-rosiglitazone. Both electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays demonstrate that TR4 binds to the TR4 response element located on the CD36 5'-promoter region for the induction of CD36 expression. Stably transfected TR4-siRNA or functional TR4 cDNA in the RAW264.7 macrophage cells resulted in either decreased or increased CD36 expression with decreased or increased foam cell formation. Restoring functional CD36 cDNA in the TR4 knockdown macrophage cells reversed the decreased foam cell formation. Together, these results reveal an important signaling pathway controlling CD36-mediated foam cell formation/cardiovascular diseases, and findings that TR4 transactivation can be activated via its ligands/activators, such as PUFA metabolites and TZD, may provide a platform to screen new drug(s) to battle the metabolism syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases.</P>
Environmental estrogenic effects and gonadal development in wild goldfish (Carassius auratus)
Li, Chun-Ri,Lee, Sang-Hoon,Kim, So-Sun,Kim, Andre,Lee, Keun Woo,Lu, Ming,Kim, Hee-Eun,Kwak, Im-Jung,Lee, Yun-Ju,Kim, Dong-Kyoo,Lee, Jung-Sick,Kang, Shin-Won,Huh, Min-Do,Chung, Kyu-Hyuck,Park, Jang-Su Springer-Verlag 2009 Environmental monitoring and assessment Vol.150 No.1