청소년 경계선 상태의 임상적 분류

신민섭,전성일,홍강의 대한소아·청소년정신의학회 1995 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.6 No.1

요 약 본 논문에서는 청소년 경계선 장애의 개념의 발달, 역학, 공존 질환 및 감별 진 단, 유형 분류, 정신 역동학적 이론, 생물학적 이론, 실험적인 연구등을 통한 병인론, 추적 연 구에 대한 문헌 고찰을 하였고 청소년기에 재현되는 재접근기(rapproachment)의 혼란에 의해 현상학 적으로 경계선 성 격 장애 와 같은 모습을 보이는 상태를 통틀어 청 소년의 경 계 선 상태 (adolescent borderline slate)라고 정의하였으며 이를 성인의 경계선 성격 장애와는 다른 청소년의 한 '과정 '으로서 개념화하였다. 또한 저자들은 청소년기의 경계선 상태를 다음의 네가지 유형으로 나누고 각각의 증례 를 제시 하였다 (1) 청소년 과정으로서의 경계선 상태 (2) 정신병적 상태와 연된되어 나타나 는 경계선 상태 (3) 전형적 경계선 성격 장애의 시작으로서의 경계선 상태 (B) 기질적 질환과 연결 되어 나타나는 경 계 선 상태 결론적으로 청소년기의 경계선 장애는 단순히 아동기의 분리-개별화 단계의 실 패가 지속되어 생기는 것이 아니라 이와 유사한 과제가 발달의 주제로 재현되는 청소년기의 이차 분리 개별화 과정의 갈등에 의한 것이고 만약 이 시기에 갈등의 해소가 안되면 성 인기에서는 경 계선 성격 장애로 나타날 수 있을 것이라고 생각되었다. ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to identify the specific characteristics of borderline disorder in adolescence to conceptualize the borderline state as an adolescent process different from borderline personality disorder in adult, and to classify them according to it's unique clinical feature, porcess and outcome. The development of borderline disorder in adolescent, epidemiology, comorbid disorders and differential diagnosis, pre-existing sub-classification systems, and etiology in theories of psychodynamics. biological theories, experimental studies, and follow-up studies are revie- wed. The authors conceptualize the adolescent borderline state include all clinical states generated by re-emergence of unresolved rapproachement conflicts in adolescent, and propose that there are four subgroups in adolescent borderline state, (l) Borderline state as an adolescent process (2) Borderline state associated with psychotic disorders (3) Boderline state as an initial stnge of typical borderline personality disorder (4) Borderline state associated with organic problems. Conceptually, borderline state in adolescence is not a simple continuation of primary failure of separation-individuation but a struggle for mastering unresolved separation-individuation conflicts in adolesance i.e., the second separation-individuation stage, and if it fails this time, the struggle might continue into adult life as borderline personality disorder.

A Performance Study of an Optical Slotted Ring with a Destination-Cell-Remove Strategy

Cheoul Shin Kang,Ill Keun Rhee,Jong Dug Shin,Je Myung Jeong 한국통신학회 1993 Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications Vol.2 No.2

Optical Card 시스템에서의 마이크로렌즈 조사 광프로브 에레이 설계 및 제작

강신일 ( Shin Ill Kang ),김석민 ( Seok Min Kim ),김홍민 ( Hong Min Kim ),이지승 ( Jee Seung Lee ),임지석 ( Ji Seok Lim ),( Christopher Busch ) 정보저장시스템학회 2006 정보저장시스템학회논문집 Vol.2 No.1

회전원판형 질화조를 이용한 M-dephanox 공정

김금용 ( Keum Yong Kim ),강민구 ( Min Koo Kang ),신관우 ( Gwan Woo Shin ),강정규 ( Jung Kyu Kang ),신민수 ( Min Su Shin ),강한솔 ( Han Sol Kang ),이상일 ( Sang Ill Lee ) 한국물환경학회 2013 한국물환경학회지 Vol.29 No.1

This study was focused on improving nitrification efficiencies of M-dephanox (Modified-Dephanox) process. Rotating biological contactor was used instead of floating sponge type media in nitrification reactor. High ammonia removal efficiencies were observed in nitrification reactor regardless of organic loading from contactor of M-dephanox process. Denitrification efficiencies were also increased to maintain low NO₃-N concentration in effluent. This enhanced phosphate release in anaerobic contactor and resulted in high removal efficiencies of phosphorus. Average removal efficiencies of TCOD_Cr and SCOD_Cr were 93.8% and 81.6% respectively while those of TKN and NH₄+^-N were 80.9% and 74.4% respectively. As for phosphorous treatment the average removal efficiencies of TP and OP were 94.7% and 94.3% respectively. Also effect of operating temperature on nitrogen removal was examined. Average removal efficiency of TN was 65.8 % at 15℃ or below (at average temperature of 13.3℃) while that was 82.8% at 15℃ or above (at average temperature of 21.9℃).

Ⅱ-Ⅵ족 화합물 반도체의 결정성장과 센서개발 : CdS, CdSe(Ⅰ) CdS, CdSe(Ⅰ)

신영진,양동익,정태수,신형길,유기수,김택성,강석일,유평렬,홍광준,최용대 全北大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1991 基礎科學 Vol.14 No.2

Sublimation을 사용한 수직 2단의 전기로에서 성장한 CdS 단결정은 육방정으로 성장했고 격자상수 a_o와 c_o는 외삽법으로 구해 각각 4.1386Å과 6.7176Å임을 알 수 있다. Electron beam으로 증착한 CdS 박막도 육방정계이고, 이 박막을 Ar 분위기에서 열처리한 결과 grain size가 1㎛ 정도로 성장되었다. Van der Pauw 방법으로 구한 Hall data로부터 CdS 단결정의 carrier density는 상온에서 ∼10^17㎝^-3 정도이고 이동도는 3×10^2㎠/V·sec 정도이다. 이동도는 33K에서 130K까지 불순물 산란에 기인하는 T^(3/2)에 따라 증가하는 경향이 있고 130K에서 상온까지는 격자산란에 기인하는 T^(-3/2)에 따라 감소한 경향이 나타났다. The CdS single crystal was grown from sublimation method in vertical electric furnace. Crystal was found to be of a hexagonal structure. The lattice contants of grown CdS single crystal were measured to be a_o=4.1386Å and c_o=6.7176Å. The CdS thin film evaporized by Electron-beam method was a hexagonal structure. Grain size of CdS thin film annealed in Ar atmosphere was grown to 1㎛. The electron carrier density and Hall mobility of CdS single crystal were measured using the Van der Pauw method at room temperature and their values are about ∼10^17㎝^-3 and about 3×10^2㎠/V·sec respectively. The Hall mobility of single crystal increases from 33K to 130K by T^(3/2) due to impurity scattering and decreases from 130K to room temperature by T^(-3/2) due to lattice scattering.

Iodine을 촉매로 하는 화학적 수송방법에 의한 CdS 단결정의 성장과 그 특성에 관한 연구(Ⅰ)

신영진,박병호,정태수,서영우,유기수,김택성,강석일,우평렬 全北大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1991 基礎科學 Vol.14 No.1

Iodine을 촉매제로 하는 화학적 수송방법으로 CdS 분말 3g을 증발함에서 결정화함으로 수송하는데 96~154시간이 소요되었다. 이렇게 성장한 CdS 단결정은 X-선 회절기에 의해서 육방정계임을 알게되었다. 전자현미경으로 Cd, S 및 iodine의 X-선을 찾아보았더니 iodine 성분의 X-선을 찾아 볼 수 없었다. Van der Pauw 방법으로 측정한 Hall 효과로부터 CdS 단결정은 n형이고 carrier 농도는 ~10^17cm^-3 정도이며 활성화에너지 E_d값은 0.63eV정도임을 알게되었다. The time required to transport CdS powder 3 gram in the vaporization chamber into the crystallization chamber by the method of chemical vapor transport which was used iodine as a transporting agent was 96-154 hours. The single crystal grown by the above method was found hexagonal system using X-ray diffractometer. Cd and S, iodine characteristic X-rays were examine by electron microscope but there was no iodine characteristic X-ray. This single crystal was found n-type and the activation energy, E_d, was about 0.63 eV. The carrier density was about ~10^17cm^-3. These results was fllowed by Hall effect using Van der Pauw method.

II-VI족 화합물 반도체의 결정성장과 센서개발 : CdS, CdSe(I)

신영진,양동익,정태수,신현길,유기수,김택성,강석일,유평렬,홍광준,최용대 순천대학교 기초과학연구소 1990 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.1 No.-

Sublimation을 사용한 수직 2단의 전기로에서 성장한 CdS 단결정은 육방정으로 성장했고 격자상수 a_0과 c_0은 외삽법으로 구해 각각 4.1386Å과 6.7176Å임을 알 수 있다. Electron beam으로 중착한 CdS 박막도 육방정계이고, 이 박막을 Ar 분위기에서 열처리한 결과 grain size가 1㎛ 정도로 성장되었다. Van der pauw 방법으로 구한 Hall data로부터 CdS 단결정의 carrier density는 상온에서 ∼10^17㎝^-3정도이고 이동도는 3×10^2㎠/V·sec 정도이다. 이동도는 33K에서 130K까지 불순물 산란에 기인하는 T^(3/2)에 따라 증가하는 경향이 있고 130K에서 상온까지는 격자산란에 기인하는 T^(-3/2)에 따라 감소한 경향이 나타났다. The CdS single crystal was grown from sublimation method in vertical electric furnace. Crystal was found to be of a hexagonal structure. The lattice contants of grown CdS single crystal were measured to be a_0=4.1386Å and c_0=6.7176Å. The CdS thin film evaporized by Electron-beam method was a hexagonal structure. Grain size of CdS thin film annealed in Ar atmosphere was grown to 1㎛. The electron carrier density and hall mobility of CdS single crystal were measured using the Van der Pauw method at room temperature and their values are about ∼10^17㎝^-3 and about 3×10^2㎠/V·sec respectively. The Hall mobility of single crystal increases from 33K to 130K by T^(3/2) due to impurity scattering and decreases from 130K to room temperature by T^3/2 due to lattice scattering.

표면근전도와 전자각도기를 이용한 자동차 부품 조립작업 위험요인 평가

강동묵,이철호,,신용철,김은아,우지훈,조병만,이수일 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Objectives: As automobile part manufacturing is characterized by high speed and high repetition, observation methods which are usually utilized for static posture are inappropriate to evaluate musculoskeleatal risk factors. This study quantified the risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders on the forearm and suggested exposure limits by estimating the risk factors using surface electromyography (EMG) and electrogoniometer. Methods: Ten percent of the total workers at 3 automobile part manufacturing factories were randomly selected, and 99 male workers were recruited as study subjects. The study was conducted during May 2003 to September 2004. The workers were equipped with electrogoniometers on the wrist and the elbow, surface EMGs on the skin of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and extensor carpi radialis (ECR) muscles, and the heart beat recorder during work as indicators of joint movement, local muscle tension and physical work load, respectively. Results: After controlling for age, body mass index and job stress, wrist flexion maximum angle, FDS relative activity (RA) and ECR RA were significantly associated with forearm musculoskeletal symptoms. The odds ratios of the forearm were 5.0(95% CI: 1.1-22.7), 14.0(95% CI: 1.5-128.8) and 7.3(95% CI: 1.1-49.4) for wrist flexion maximum angle more than 76˚, FDS RA more than 2.8%, and ECR RA more than 3.5%, respectively. Conclusions: Joint angle and focal muscle activity were associated with forearm musculoskeletal symptoms. To reduce forearm musculoskeletal symptoms among automobile part manufacturers, the wrist flexion angle, and FDS and ECR activity need to be reduced below the guidelines recommended in this study.

Iodine을 촉매로 하여 화학적 수송방법으로 성장한 CdS 단결정의 전기-광학적 특성 연구(Ⅰ)

신영진,김영기,정태수,서영우,유기수,김택성,강석일,유평열 全北大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1991 基礎科學 Vol.14 No.2

Iodine을 촉매제로 하는 화학적 수송방법으로 성장한 CdS 단결정의 전기-광학적 특성을 연구하였다. 가시영역의 광전류 스펙트럼, 적외선소광 스펙트럼과 광발광 스펙트럼을 측정하여 defect로 고찰하였다. Van der Pauw 방법으로 측정한 Hall 효과로부터 이동도가 20K에서 100K 사이에서는 ∼T^(3/2)에 따라 증가하고 100K에서 실온 사이에서는 이동도가 ∼T^(-3/2)에 따라 감소함을 알게되었다. CdS single crystal grown by chemical vapor transport method using iodine as a transport ag?? were studied; The spectrum of photocurrent in visible range, Infrared quenching effects and photoluminescence were measured and studied in terms of defect. The result of Hall effect by Van der Pauw method was found that the mobility increased along to∼T^(3/2) from the temperature of 20K to 100K and decreased along to∼T^(3/2)from the temperature of 100K to 300K.

Iodine을 촉매로 하는 화학적 수송방법에 의한 CdS 단결정의 성장과 그 특성에 관한 연구(I)

신영진,박병호,정태수,서영우,유기수,김택성,강석일,유평렬 순천대학교 기초과학연구소 1990 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.1 No.-

Iodine을 촉매제로 하는 화학적 수송방법으로 CdS분말 3g을 증발함에서 결정화함으로 수송하는데 96∼154시간이 소요되었다. 이렇게 성장한 CdS 단결정은 X-선 회절기에 의해서 육방정계임을 알게되었다. 전자현미경으로 Cd, S 및 iodine의 X-선을 찾아보았더니 iodine 성분의 X-선을 찾아 볼 수 없었다. Van der pauw 방법으로 측정한 Hall 효과로부터 CdS 단결정은 n형이고 carrier 농도는 ∼10^17㎝^-3정도이며 활성화에너지 E_d값은 0.63eV 정도임을 알게되었다. The time required to transport CdS powder 3 gram in the vaporization chamber into the crystallization chamber by the method of chemical vapor transport which was used iodine as a transporting agent was 96-154 hours. The single crystal grown by the above method was found hexagonal system using X-ray diffractometer. Cd and S, iodine characteristic X-rays were examine by eletron microscope but there was no iodine characteristic X-ray. This single crystal was found n-type and the activation energy, E_d, was about 0.63eV. The carrier density was about ∼10^17㎝^-3. These results was followes by effect using Van der Pauw method.