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${\alpha}$-(n-Butyl)-N-Phenylnitrone유도체의 가수분해 반응메카니즘과 반응속도론적 연구
이석우,곽천근,이광일,이기창,Lee Seok-Woo,Chun-Geun Kwak,Kwang-Il Lee,Lee Ki-Chang 대한화학회 1992 대한화학회지 Vol.36 No.4
${\alpha}$-(n-butyl)-N-phenylnitrone 유도체들의 가수분해 반응속도상수를 $25^{\circ}C$의 수용액에서 자외선 분광광도법으로 측정하여 넓은 pH 범위에서 잘 맞는 반응속도식을 구하였다. 반응속도식, 가수분해 생성물, 일반염기(general base) 및 치환기 효과 등의 결과로부터 가수분해 반응메카니즘을 제안하였다. 즉, pH 4.5이하에서의 가수분해는 양성자가 첨가된 nitrone의 ${\alpha}$-탄소에 물분자의 공격에 의해 진행되며, pH 10.0 이상에서는 ${\alpha}$-탄소에 히드록시 이온의 직접 첨가에 의하여 가수분해가 진행된다. pH 4.5∼10.0에서는 nitrone에 물분자가 첨가되는 것이 속도결정단계임을 알았다. The rate constants of hydrolysis of ${\alpha}$-(n-butyl)-N-phenylnitrone and its derivatives have been determined by UV spectrophotometry at 25$^{\circ}C$ and a rate equation which can be applied over a wide pH range was obtained. On the basis of rate equations derived and judging from the hydrolysis products obtained and from general base and substituent effects, plausible mechanisms of hydrolysis in various pH range have been proposed. Below pH 4.5, the hydrolysis was initiated by the protonation and followed by the addition of water to ${\alpha}$-carbon. Above pH 10.0, the hydrolysis was proceeded by the addition of hydroxide ion to ${\alpha}$-carbon. In the range of pH4.5∼10.0, the addition of water to nitrone is rate controlling step.
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대기오염 피해지역의 산벚나무 임분내 내성 및 감수성 개체의 유전적 차이
이석우,우수영,구영본,이성규 ( Seok Woo Lee,Su Young Woo,Yeong Bon Koo,Soung Kyu Lee ) 한국산림과학회 1998 한국산림과학회지 Vol.87 No.1
The estimates of genetic diversity based on 7 polymorphic loci coding for 6 isozymes were compared between the tolerant and the sensitive trees in an air polluted Prunus sargentii stand located on Ulsan industrial area. Although we could not observe statistically significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies between the two groups except the gene locus Got-2, the unique alleles and genotypes were observed in the tolerant group. All the genetic parameters such as genetic multiplicity, genetic diversity, and heterozygosity revealed that a greater amount of genetic variations existed in the tolerant group.
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자원 가용성 기반 다중 경매 모델을 이용한 서비스 예약형 클라우드 자원 거래 시스템
이석우,김태영,이종식,Lee, Seok Woo,Kim, Tae Young,Lee, Jong Sik 한국시뮬레이션학회 2014 한국시뮬레이션학회 논문지 Vol.23 No.1
A cloud computing is one of a parallel and distributed computing. The cloud computing provides some service for user with virtual resources. However, a user's service request does not show a time pattern. As a result, each resource also shows a different availability at the same time. This difference affects a quality of service (QoS) and a resource selection for users. Therefore, we propose the resource availability-based multi auction model for cloud service reservation and resource brokering system. The proposed system is to select the proper resource provider based on the users' request. The proposal adopts the multi phase of the auction to transact resources. The system evaluates the available factor of each resource on the auction phase, and finally reserves the service on the adaptive queue. The proposed model shows the better performance than other existing method. 클라우드 컴퓨팅은 분산 병렬 컴퓨팅의 일종으로 IT 자원을 가상화 하고 이를 사용자에게 제공한다. 그러나 사용자의 서비스 요청은 시간적 규칙성이 없으며, 이런 이유로 각 자원들은 가용성의 차이를 갖는다. 가용성의 차이는 클라우드 서비스 이용자의 QoS만족도 및 서비스 제공자 선택에 영향을 주게 된다. 본 논문에서는 클라우드 환경에서의 서비스 이용자의 요구에 따라 가상화된 IT자원 제공자의 효율적 선정을 위한 자원 가용성 기반 다중 경매 모델을 이용한 서비스 예약형 클라우드 자원거래 시스템을 제안한다. 제안한 시스템에서는 서비스 이용자의 서비스 요청 발생 시 두 번의 경매 모델을 사용하는 다중경매모델이며, 다중 경매 과정 중 단일 경매 단계에서 자원 가용성 평가 알고리즘 및 가변 큐를 이용한 서비스 예약방식을 적용하여 서비스 제공자의 자원 가용성을 평가하여 최적의 서비스 제공 자원을 찾는다. 제안모델은 QoS만족도 부분에서 앞서 작용한 자원 가용성 평가 알고리즘으로 인해 높은 성능을 보여주며, 작업 처리 시간활용도 면에서 QoS를 모두 고려한 상태로 안정적으로 더 많은 작업을 처리 할 수 있음을 입증하였다.
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형성능과 소성이 동시에 향상된 벌크 비정질 합금 설계법
이석우 ( Seok Woo Lee ),이상철 ( Sang Chul Lee ),이재철 ( Jae Chul Lee ),김유찬 ( Yu Chan Kim ),( E. Fleury ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 2006 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.44 No.5
A new Cu-Zr-Al-Be monolithic bulk amorphous alloy was developed utilizing minimal use of toxic and expensive Be. The developed alloy not only exhibits high plasticity (~7%) but also possesses a large glass forming ability (GFA) (Φ12 mm). The possible mechanisms underlying the enhancement of the glass forming ability and the plasticity exhibited by this alloy are discussed based on the dimensionless parameter γ and the structural changes. In addition, alloy design strategy for a simultaneous improvement of GFA and plasticity are proposed from the perspective of atomic packing state.
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동북아해양환경협력체제 구축을 위한 법적 방안 - 유엔해양법협약의 해양환경 규범에서 접근해야 -
이석우 ( Lee Seok-woo ) 한국외교협회 2022 외교 Vol.143 No.0
한반도 주변수역은 일련의 반폐쇄해(半閉鎖海)로 구성되어 있고, 동북아 해양환경 문제는 안보문제와 더불어 동북아 국가 간 긴밀한 협력과 공동적 대응이 요구되는 공간이다. 최근에 부각된 일본 후쿠시마 오염수 방류 문제는 동북아 각국 정부는 물론 국민들의 우려를 자아내는 현안이 되었을 뿐만 아니라, 연안에서 생계를 유지하는 각국 국민들의 삶을 위협하고 있다. 이런 잠재적 위험은 동북아시아 국가 모두가 공통적으로 관리해야 할 대상이다. 유엔해양법협약은 해양환경 보호를 국제사회 전체의 공동이익으로 보고 자국 관할수역뿐 아니라, 공해에서의 해양환경 보전과 보호를 국가의 일반적 의무로 규정하고 있다. 이에 따라 모든 국가는 해양환경 보전을 위해 지구적, 지역적 차원에서 협력하여야 한다. 유엔해양법협약상의 해양환경에 대한 규정은 점차 추상적이고 일반론적인 법규범을 넘어 강제력을 확대해 나가는 과정에 있으며, 이는 2016년 남중국해 중재재판을 통해 확인되고 있다. 동 협약에서 규정하고 있는 해양환경보호와 보전에 대한 규범을 적절히 활용하는 것이 필요하다. The sea plays an important role for South Korea’s economy and security, and thus, establishing a good order at sea is a vital priority for the country. In particular, marine environmental issues that Korea faces due to the character of Korea’s semi-enclosed sea are critical given the Japanese government’s plan to release contaminated radioactive water from the damaged Fukushima nuclear power plant. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) states a general obligation of parties to protect and preserve the marine environment, and this principle is supported by subsequent jurisprudence, including the South China Sea Arbitration. Therefore, it is imperative for Korea to establish a multilateral cooperative mechanism to protect and preserve the marine environment in Northeast Asia through the application of various legal obligations mandated by UNCLOS.
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이석우(Lee, Seok-Woo) 백산학회 2009 白山學報 Vol.- No.85
While on the one hand there have been positive developments in recent times in respect of the territorial issues of Korea, there have also been more problematic developments. In particular, there has been a heightening in tensions over Dokdo and Gando. The ongoing territorial issues of Korea over Dokdo and Gando, involve intertwined political and legal issues. Though it is not always easy to dichotomize politics and law in specific territorial disputes, it is also not impossible to reach a conclusion as to the strength of the competing claims to the both issued territories based on international legal principles and sources. The determination of Dokdo and Gando’s ownership is, however, not the sole purpose of this article. Beyond the question of ownership of Dokdo and Gando in dispute, this article provides a broad framework for better appreciation and resolution of the territorial issues that bedevil the East Asian region, and the bilateral relationship between the claimants in particular. First, as to Dokdo, a need has long been felt among international lawyers, historians, and policymakers in Korea for a resolution of the territorial issues between Korea and Japan over Dokdo. For this purpose, it is well worth noting that there is no denying the undeniable fact that the legacy of the past looms large in our thinking when we look back over the history of the territorial dispute over Dokdo. Recently, there are a group of scholars who proposed the ideas of how to resolve Dokdo issue based on their understanding of the nature of the dispute. These proposals suggested by the groups of scholars can be categorised by the following four approaches: first, practical approach including the separation of sovereignty issue from the allocation of maritime zones and other salient issues; second, Japanese territorial disputes approach to address the Dokdo issue from the perspective of other Japanese territorial disputes including Kurile and Senkaku islands in dispute; third, role of U.S. approach which is emphasising on U.S. role for resolving Dokdo issue; and fourth, colonial implication approach which is emphasising on the historical background of Japanese colonialism over Korea and linking with Dokdo issue. Then, as to the question of sovereignty over Gando, the outcome of this research indicates as follows. First, to satisfy preconditions for addressing territorial ownership over Gando, at least, three issues have to be clarified: i. whether to fix unified geographical scope of Gando is required; ii. whether non-existence of the official claiming of sovereignty over Gando by the Korean Government can be interpreted as abandonment or dereliction; and, iii. whether traditional position of Korean academics on the 1909 China-Japan Gando Convention can be prevailed/maintained from the perspectives of current international jurisprudence. And, further issues have to be clarified are: i. to overcome current international jurisprudence on territorial disputes formulated by international judicial bodies, in particular on the issues of functionalism and colonialism; ii. to analyse Chinese practice of territorial acquisition by evaluating territorial disputes in which China is a disputant; iii. to appraise the validity of the 1962 North Korean-China Boundary Treaty, and the Unified Korea’s legal obligation of succession to that boundary treaty; and, to apply the principle of self-determination to Korean ethnics (the Korean-Chinese/Chosonjok) in Gando considering their significant presence for over centuries. Based on research on the above-mentioned issues, this article provides with the ways forward which is how to deal with Korean ethnics in Gando area will be the key point when Korea approaches the Gando issue for the future. In such circumstances, it is imperative to draw a framework for comprehensive territorial policy of Korea including Dokdo and Gando. This is very critical for Korea considering the future unif
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