정신적 폭력이 사회복지 종사자의 이직의도에 미치는 영향: 직무스트레스와 소진의 매개효과를 중심으로

조상미 ( Cho¸ Sangmi ),정희수 ( Chung¸ Hee Soo ),한예선 ( Han¸ Yaesun ) 한국보건사회연구원 2020 保健社會硏究 Vol.40 No.4

사회복지 종사자의 폭력경험은 부정적인 정서를 경험하게 하며 이는 조직 행동 및 태도에 부정적인 영향을 미친다. 기존 연구는 폭력과 개인의 정서에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 연구들이 다수였고, 정신적 폭력과 조직행동의 영향을 살펴본 연구는 거의 전무하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 사회복지 종사자의 클라이언트와 동료·상사의 정신적 폭력 경험이 이직의도에 미치는 영향 및 스트레스와 소진의 매개효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 서울시 사회복지 종사자 1,051명의 응답자료를 Mplus를 사용한 구조방정식 모형으로 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 클라이언트와 동료·상사의 정신적 폭력은 이직의도에 직접적 영향을 미치지는 않지만, 직무 스트레스를 매개로 간접적인 영향이 있었다. 둘째, 소진은 동료·상사의 정신적 폭력과 이직의도 사이에서 완전 매개효과를 나타냈다. 셋째, 동료·상사의 정신적 폭력경험이 많을수록 소진 및 직무스트레스가 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같이 사회복지 종사자의 정신적 폭력 경험이 직무스트레스와 소진 등 부정적인 심리·정서적 영향을 통해 이직의도에 영향을 미침을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 건강한 조직문화의 확립, 개방적인 의사소통 구조를 통한 사전 예방체계 구축, 다양하고 지속적인 교육, 폭력예방 매뉴얼의 구체화, 사후대응 체제 마련, 직장 내 폭력 예방을 위한 다양한 슈퍼비전 활동 등 정신적인 폭력을 예방하고 업무스트레스와 소진을 낮출 조직 관리의 함의를 모색하였다. Social workers’ experiences of violence have negative impacts on individuals and organizations. Existing studies on violence have mainly focused on the negative effects of various types of violence on individual emotions. This study examined the effects of mental violence, which occurs most frequently on a daily basis, on turnover intention. In this study, two major research questions were investigated: First, how does mental violence by clients or within the workplace influence turnover intention of social workers? Second, do burnout and job stress mediate the influence of mental violence on turnover intention of social workers? The following results were obtained from analyzing the response data of 1,051 social workers in Seoul, adopting a structural equation model using the Mplus program. First, mental violence by clients or in the workplace had no direct influence on turnover intention of social workers. Second, mental violence by clients influenced turnover intention of social workers fully mediated by job stress, and mental violence in workplace influenced turnover intention of social workers fully mediated by job stress and burnout. This study discussed the implications for organizational management to prevent mental violence against social workers and lower their turnover intentions.

도서지역 주민의 젠더 감수성에 영향을 미치는 생태체계 변인 연구

유상미 ( Yu¸ Sang-mi ),김병록 ( Kim¸ Byung-rok ) 한국도서(섬)학회 2020 韓國島嶼硏究 Vol.32 No.4

본 연구는 도서 지역(island area) 주민들의 젠더 감수성(gender sensitivity) 수준을 살펴보고, 젠더 감수성에 영향을 미치는 생태 체계(ecological system) 변인이 무엇인지를 규명하고자 한다. 연구 대상으로는 전라남도 신안군에 소재한 14개의 읍·면 중에 연륙·연도 사업을 통해 외부 지역과의 지리적 접근성 및 접촉 빈도가 높은 4개 읍·면(압해, 지도, 흑산, 비금)의 주민들이다. 이는 도서 지역의 지리적 특성 및 시기적 특성에 의해 젠더 감수성 인식의 변화가 있을 것이라고 판단되기 때문이다. 도서 지역 주민의 젠더 감수성은 선행연구에 대한 검토를 통하여 선정된 조사문항으로 측정한다. 젠더 감수성은 설문조사의 결과에 대한 요인분석을 통하여 성차별(gender discrimination)과 성역할 고정관념(gender role stereotype)의 요인으로 분류한다. 주민의 인구사회학적 배경에 따른 젠더 감수성 차이를 분석하는데, 성별, 연령, 직업, 학력, 거주 년 수에 따라서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타난다. 특히 ‘직업’ 변인에서 단순 노무 종사자와‘학력’변인에서 무학력자가 성차별 인식 및 성역할 고정관념 인식이 높은 것으로 나타난다. 다음으로 생태 체계변인이 젠더 감수성에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 생태 체계 변인 간의 상대적 영향력을 살펴보기 위해 위계적 다중 회귀분석을 실시한다. 결과로 거시체계 영역 중‘직업 생활 인식’이 도서 지역 주민들의 젠더 감수성에 유의미한 영향력을 미치는 것으로 나타난다. 도서 지역의 경우는 특히나 남성 중심적 직업 인식이 강해 농업·어업의 경영인, 사업주, 특정 모임의 대표 등을 남성들이 수행하고 있는 경우가 많다. 이러한 남녀 분리된 직업 환경은 남성 또는 여성에게 고정화된 이미지를 각인시킬 뿐만 아니라 특정 직업에서의 성별 일관된 이미지는 개인의 젠더 감수성에 중대한 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 것을 본 연구 결과를 통해 확인한다. 본 연구는 도서 지역 주민들의 인식을 바탕으로 젠더 감수성에 영향을 미치는 요인을 알아보고자 한 점에서 의의가 있다. 특히, 도서 지역에 대한 연구는 접근성의 한계로 인해 거의 진행되지 않는 상황으로, 연구 대상의 외연을 확장한 것에 의의가 있다. 그러나 연구 결과의 일반화 등의 한계도 지적된다. The purpose of this study is to examine the level of gender sensitivity of the residents of the island area, and to identify the ecological system variables that affect gender sensitivity. Among the 14 eups and myeons located in Sinan-gun, Jeollanam-do, residents of 4 eups and myeons (Abhae, Map, Heuksan, and Bigeum) with high geographical accessibility and contact frequency with external regions through the Yeonryuk and Year project. This is because it is judged that there will be a change in the perception of gender sensitivity depending on the geographic and temporal characteristics of the island region. The gender sensitivity of island residents is measured by survey questions selected through review of previous studies. Gender sensitivity is classified into the factors of gender discrimination and gender role stereotype through factor analysis of the survey results. It analyzes the difference in gender sensitivity according to the population's demographic and sociological background, and statistically significant differences appear according to gender, age, occupation, education, and number of years of residence. In particular, in the 'occupation' variable, the simple labor workers and the non-educated in the 'educational' variable have high recognition of gender discrimination and gender role stereotypes. Next, we analyze the influence of ecological system variables on gender sensitivity. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis is conducted to examine the relative influence of the variables of the ecological system. As a result, it is found that the “professional life perception” of the macroscopic system has a significant influence on the gender sensitivity of the residents of the islands. In the case of islands, especially male-centered occupational awareness is strong, and males are often carrying out agricultural and fishery managers, business owners, and representatives of specific meetings. This study confirms that the gender-separated occupational environment not only imprints a fixed image on men or women, but also that a gender-consistent image in a specific occupation can have a significant impact on an individual's gender sensitivity. This study is meaningful in that it seeks to find out the factors that influence gender sensitivity based on the perceptions of residents in islands. In particular, research on islands is a situation that hardly proceeds due to the limitation of accessibility, and it is significant that the extent of the research subject has been expanded. However, limitations such as generalization of research results are also pointed out.

혼성성과 양가성의 탈식민 저항전략: 치누아 아체베의 『무너져 내리다』

김상미 ( Kim¸ Sang-mi ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2009 영어권문화연구 Vol.2 No.1

The post-colonial novel Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe, is one African novel that has received international acclaim. This novel deals with the traditional society of Africa, the complicated human relationships among the people living there, a norm among the tribes and the tragic results caused by contact with imperialists. Things Fall Apart has played a large role in the expansion of English literature from a culture-bound literature to a literature that encompasses all literary works written in English. The theme of this paper is about Achebe's support of Frantz Fanon's theory of violence through Things Fall Apart. My paper especially investigates how the violence theory that Fanon insisted as a means of liberation from colonialism is expressed through Okonkwo, the hero of Things Fall Apart, and how this theory affects post-colonialism. By writing in English Achebe shows indirectly that Things Fall Apart is written for westerners, not for Africans. Also, he shows us how English as the remains of colonialism can be used as a tool of post-colonialism. In a word, it is a book of “writing back.” He demands an analysis of the Euro-centric world view. This is the post-colonial defense against imperialism that Achebe shows in Things Fall Apart, using the style of hybridity and ambivalence. In this sense, Achebe's role as post-colonial writer is very important for decolonizing Africans from European imperialism.

소리의 시각화를 위한 도구로서의 그래픽디자인 활용 연구 -소리의 유형 체계 (A Sound Typology)-

이상미 ( Lee¸ Sang-mi ),이승진 ( Lee¸ Sung-jin ) 커뮤니케이션디자인학회 2021 커뮤니케이션 디자인학연구 Vol.76 No.-

감각은 인지하고 행동하게 하며 원활한 커뮤니케이션을 가능하게 하는 역할을 한다. 우리는 다양한 감각의 상호작용을 통해 수많은 정보를 인지하고 수용하는데, 이미지의 형태를 가진 시각적 감각은 가장 큰 기능을 한다. ‘보는 것이 믿는 것’이라는 신념과 더불어 사람은 본능적으로 시각적 감각에 의존하고 이를 통해 세상을 느끼고 경험한다. 감각을 통한 경험의 여정을 따라가 보면 우리는 일상 속에서 다양한 청각적 감각으로 이루어진 수많은 소리를 마주한다. 그중 인지할 수 있는 소리는 오직 몇몇 크고 뚜렷한 소리일 뿐, 그 밖의 소리는 의식적으로 주의를 기울여야만 들을 수 있다. 흔히 백색소음으로 분류되는 사소한 소리일지라도 신경학적으로 상호 연결되어 우리의 경험과 지각에 무의식적으로 작용한다. 본 연구는 무의식 속 무형의 소리의 가치에 대해 그래픽디자인의 관점으로 접근한다. 인간 지각의 다중감각과 게슈탈트 시지각의 이론적 개념을 바탕으로 ‘소리의 유형 체계(Sound typology)’를 새롭게 개발하여 시각과 청각의 공감각적 커뮤니케이션의 이해를 돕는 도구로 활용하는 것을 제안한다. 소리의 유형 체계는 시각화한 무형의 소리 이미지(Sound imagery)를 이해하는 지표가 되고, 이를 통해 존재와 부재 사이의 모호한 경계에 위치한 사소한 소리의 정체성을 시각적으로 탐구한다. We are faced with millions of sounds composed of a range of different audial sensations. Unfortunately, only a few palpable sounds can be perceived by human hearing; others require conscious consideration and attention. This study focuses on examining the trivial identity of sound, which is often disregarded, as it is too ordinary to meaningfully connect to our perceptions. In addition, it considers how interest could be aroused in these minor things, which are subtle and intangible in the realm of graphic design. Trivial sounds in ordinary life are located within an ambiguous boundary, between presence and absence. The gap narrows when formless sound is actualised as a visual form through ‘sound typology’, which suggests a way of reading images (see Chapter 5). When visual identity and trivial sounds are combined, their individuality can be distinguished. This process enables sound to attain its own identity.

Parenting experiences of mothers of moderate-to-late preterm children in South Korea: a qualitative study

Sangmi Lee 한국아동간호학회 2022 Child Health Nursing Research Vol.28 No.4

Purpose: This study investigated the parenting experiences of mothers of young children born moderate-to-late preterm (MLPT) in South Korea. Methods: In this qualitative study, semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted with 10 mothers of MLPT children from infancy to preschool age. The interviews were video-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Four categories resulted from the analysis of parenting experiences of mothers with young MLPT children, as follows: "becoming a mother of an early-born child", "difficulties as the primary caregiver for a high-risk child", "helpful social support, but still a lack of professional support for parenting a high-risk child", and "mothers and children growing together". Conclusion: Mothers of young MLPT children experienced difficulties due to concerns about their child's health, growth and development, and insufficient child-rearing support. Therefore, social support systems should be strengthened and more aggressive nursing strategies should be adopted for mothers of young MLPT children.

Long-term effects of pro-opiomelanocortin methylation induced in food-restricted dams on metabolic phenotypes in male rat offspring

( Sangmi Lee ),( Eun Jin Kwon ),( Young-ah You ),( Ji Eun Du ),( Inho Jo ),( Young Ju Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2020 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.63 No.3

Objective Maternal malnutrition affects the growth and metabolic health of the offspring. Little is known about the longterm effect on metabolic indices of epigenetic changes in the brain caused by maternal diet. Thus, we explored the effect of maternal food restriction during pregnancy on metabolic profiles of the offspring, by evaluating the DNA methylation of hypothalamic appetite regulators at 3 weeks of age. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups: a control group and a group with a 50% food-restricted (FR) diet during pregnancy. Methylation and expression of appetite regulator genes were measured in 3-week-old offspring using pyrosequencing, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting analyses. We analyzed the relationship between DNA methylation and metabolic profiles by Pearson’s correlation analysis. Results The expression of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) decreased, whereas DNA methylation significantly increased in male offspring of the FR dams, compared to the male offspring of control dams. Hypermethylation of POMC was positively correlated with the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in 3-week-old male offspring. In addition, there were significant positive correlations between hypermethylation of POMC and the levels of triglycerides, HDL-C, and leptin in 6-month-old male offspring. Conclusion Our findings suggest that maternal food restriction during pregnancy influences the expression of hypothalamic appetite regulators via epigenetic changes, leading to the development of metabolic disorders in the offspring.

Effect of Horticultural Therapy on Depression and Blood Cortisol of Women Homemaker in South Korea

Sangmi Lee,Jeung Keun Suh,Andy Kaufman 한국원예학회 2011 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2011 No.5

Social enterprise and sustainable development in Bangladesh and Korea: Opportunities and challenges

Sangmi Cho,Razia Sultana,Soil Kwon 한국사회복지학회 2019 Asian Social Work and Policy Review Vol.13 No.2

The aim of this paper was to understand the similarities and differences between so-cial enterprise (SE) systems in Korea and Bangladesh in terms of the emergence, back-ground, development, and current status of the SE's policies and support systems in these two countries. This study employs a conceptual qualitative analysis, and the data used in this study were obtained from multiple reliable literature reviews. The data were analyzed based on a text-by-text comparison of social enterprises in the two countries, and the results were revealed through written explanation. In Korea, the SE system emerged as social employment creation plan after the currency crisis in 1997. Later, in 2007, this movement turned into the “Social Enterprise Promotion Act.” Conversely, in Bangladesh, the SE system emerged as a result of NGOs’ activi-ties to “alleviate poverty” and “facilitate job creation” after the War of Independence in 1971 in an informal socioeconomic conditions. There is no explicit legal form of SEs in Bangladesh. This study also suggests the nature and scope of SEs and the barriers to sustainability of SEs in both countries. The study also emphasized the foundations to develop relevant policies as well as clear regulations for the future sustainability of the SEs of these two countries.

Comparative pharmacokinetics between tenofovir disoproxil phosphate and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in healthy subjects

Sangmi Lee,Eunwoo Kim,Seol Ju Moon,Jina Jung,SeungHwan Lee,Kyung-Sang Yu 대한임상약리학회 2021 Translational and Clinical Pharmacology Vol.29 No.1

Tenofovir is the representative treatment for human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitisB virus infection. This study was conducted to assess the pharmacokinetics (PKs) and safetycharacteristics after a single administration of tenofovir disoproxil phosphate comparedto tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in healthy male subjects. An open-label, randomized,single administration, two-treatment, two-sequence crossover study was conducted in 37healthy volunteers. Serial blood samples were collected up to 72 hours. Non-compartmentalanalysis was used to calculate the PK parameters. The 90% confidence intervals (90% CIs)of the geometric mean ratio (GMR) were calculated for comparing tenofovir disoproxilphosphate to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Safety assessments were performed includingclinical laboratory tests, adverse events, etc. during the study. The GMR and 90% CIs were1.0514 (0.9527–1.1603) for Cmax and 1.0375 (0.9516–1.1311) for AUClast, respectively, and bothfell within the conventional bioequivalence range of 0.8–1.25. Both tenofovir salt formswere tolerable. This study demonstrated that tenofovir disoproxil phosphate (292 mg) wasbioequivalent to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (300 mg).

Information Sharing on Blogosphere : An Impact of Trust and Online Privacy Concerns

Sangmi Chai 한국경영정보학회 2011 Asia Pacific Journal of Information Systems Vol.21 No.3