Long second toe: its nail and skin changes

( Geun-hwi Park ),( Woo-il Kim ),( Min-young Yang ),( Won-ku Lee ),( Tae-wook Kim ),( Sung-min Park ),( Hyun-joo Lee ),( Gun-wook Kim ),( Hoon-soo Kim ),( Hyun-chang Ko ),( Byung-soo Kim ),( Moon-bum 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.2

Background: Nail can be affected by trauma, infection, and systematic disorders. In particular, the toe nails are exposed to the repeated and cumulative minor traumas, which usually result in thickened, splitted, and discolorated nails. Considering these, it can be inferred that the long second toe can be related to various nail and skin changes by repeated minor traumas such as friction in shoes, but the study or report on this topic hasn’t been done yet. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to introduce various nail and skin changes on long second toe. Methods: We analyzed the kinds of nail/skin changes of 50 patients with long second toe, enrolled at Pusan National University Hospitals (Busan and Yangsan) from 2013 to 2018. Results: There was no significant difference in the incidence of left and right toe and toenail, and 7 (14%) patients presented bilateral distribution. The most common nail change on long second toe was melanonychia (23, 46%), followed by subungual hematoma (15, 30%), onycholysis (2, 4%), subungual hyperkeratosis (2, 4%), onychomadesis (1, 2%), and retronychia (1, 2%). The most common skin change was corn (9, 18%), followed by paronychia (2, 4%). Twenty (20/50, 40%) patients also had other toe or toenail changes. Among them, the most common site was big toe/nail (13, 62%), and the most common change was subungual hematoma (8, 42%). Conclusion: Through this study, the dermatologists can recognize and diagnose the nail and skin changes of long second toe.

Salt and pepper appearance of the skin associated with mixed connective tissue disease

( Sang-hyeon Won ),( Woo-il Kim ),( Min-young Yang ),( Won-ku Lee ),( Tae-wook Kim ),( Sung-min Park ),( Hyun-joo Lee ),( Gun-wook Kim ),( Hoon-soo Kim ),( Hyun-chang Ko ),( Byung-soo Kim ),( Moon-bum 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.1

The salt-and-pepper appearance of skin is composed of salt (vitiligo-like depigmentation) and pepper(perifollicular pigmentation). This characteristic feature can be a clinical clue for the diagnosis of systemic sclerosis. Mixed connective tissue disease(MCTD) is a distinct disease entity with mixed features of systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, myositis and rheumatoid arthritis with high titers of antibodies to U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein(U1 snRNP). Therefore, MCTD is known to have a wide spectrum of cutaneous manifestations which may be the presenting signs of the disease. However, there are few reports of pigmentary changes in MCTD. A 51-year old woman presented with variably sized hypopigmented macules along with relative hyperpigmentation of the perifollicular areas. She was diagnosed with MCTD by Raynaud’s phenomenon and high titer anti-RNP corresponding to a speckled antinuclear antibody of 1:1280 in Rheumatology clinic. A biopsy specimen showed dermal sclerosis. Pigment loss and melanophages were observed in the papillary dermis. Hypo- and hyperpigmentation were confirmed histologically by S100 and Fontana-Masson stain. To our knowledge, ‘salt and pepper appearance of the skin’ has rarely been reported in MCTD. The diagnosis of MCTD can be challenging due to its diverse characteristics. Therefore, we suggest that MCTD should be regarded as a differential diagnosis in patient with this pigmentary change.

고양이 소뇌 치상핵 자극에 따른 전경골근의 근전도 변화

성재훈,김문찬,강준기,최창락 대한신경외과학회 1994 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.23 No.7

Through the use of stereotactic neurosurgical operation, some authors have employed chronic electrical stimulation of the dentate nucleus reduce spasticity and each trial on spastic patients has show marked clinical improvement. We investigated the eletrophysiological changes of cats after stereotactic electrical stimulation of the dentate nucleus to elucidate the possibility of clinical application and to evaluate the clinical results The M-wave is an initial response and the F-wave is a late response in the electromyography of a muscle, which is stimulated by its original controlling nerve itself. There is evidence that the sue of the F-wave is dependent on motor neuron excitability and its amplitude is increased significantly at spastic condition. If such a relationship exists, procedures which are cam& out to relieve spasticity might be exerted to change the F-wave sue and thus it might be possible to use the F-wave as an objective monitor during electrical stimulation of the dentate nucleus. We investigated this possibility in experiments on 10 cats weighing betHieen 27kg and 4.4kg. We studied the change% of M and F waves, recorded in EMG, after stereotactic stimulation to cerebellar dentate nucleus in cats. The results were as follows 1) The change of mean value of M-wave amplitude was not significant(contro1 group, 3591 ± 1029μV stimulation group, 3424± 927μV, 00.05). 2) The mean value of F-wave amplitude was significantly reduced about 56.7% after the dentate stimulation(contro1 p u p , 443.2± 119μV stimulation p u p , 251.3±99.4μV, P<0.05). 3) The F/M ratio also significantly reduced about 56.8% after the dentate stimulation(contro1 group, 12.5±1.9%, stimulation group, 7.1± 1.2%, P<0.05). Our experimental results demonstrated that the dentate stimulation markedly decreased the sue of F-wave amplitude and F/M ratio in the experimental cats and we concluded that theseelectrophysiological changes can be applied as a parameter of clinical evaluation of electrical dentate stimulation for the spasticity.

Effect of Noise Distribution in a WDM System Seeded by a Spectrum-Sliced ASE

Sang-Rok Moon,Sang-Hwa Yoo,Chang-Hee Lee IEEE 2014 Journal of Lightwave Technology Vol.32 No.12

<P>We investigate the impact of noise distribution on the bit error rate (BER) in a WDM system seeded by a spectrum sliced amplified spontaneous emission. The Gamma distribution of the intensity noise was considered for accurate estimation of transmission performance in a real system. The power penalty by the relative intensity noise and the extinction ratio (ER) were calculated to identify a suitable operation range. To consider the finite ER, numerical simulation was conducted. We also investigate change of the noise distribution after noise suppression and fiber transmission, and the effect on the BER by the distribution change.</P>

소아에서 발생한 요추 추간판 탈출증

정창훈(Chang Hoon Jeong),이기행(Kee Haeng Lee),김윤수(Youn Soo Kim),문찬웅(Chan Woong Moon),박일중(Il Jung Park),정상룡(Sang Lyong Jung),김형민(Hyoung Min Kim) 대한정형외과학회 2005 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.40 No.2

요추 추간판 탈출증은 추간판의 퇴행성 변화가 있는 30-40대에 흔하게 발생한다. 그러나, 추간판의 퇴행성 변화가 없는 소아(12세 이하)에서는 매우 드물며 그 임상증상 및 치료 방법 역시 성인과 차이가 있다. 저자들은 소아에서 발생한 요추 추간판 탈출증 5예를 경험하였기에 이에 대해 분석, 보고하는 바이다. Lumbar intervertebal disc herniation is common in the fourth to fifth decades because the intervertebral disc undergoes degenerative change. However juvenile lumbar intervertebal disc herniation (under 12 years old) is rare because there is no degenerative change, and the clinical symptoms and treatments are different from those of adults. Herein, our experience of five juvenile lumbar intervertebal disc herniation cases are analyzed and reported.

대전시의 도시공간구조의 형성에 관한 연혁적 연구(1)

최창규,조민상,최봉문 牧園大學校 建築·都市硏究센터 1998 建築·都市環境硏究 Vol.6 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to trace the process of development and spatial change on urban structure of Taejun form the birth. For that purpose we reorganize the process of urban growth and city development project from the birth(1904) to present 1998. We select some factors as the elements what represents spatial change, Administrative District change, Population Growth, Development Project and Urban Planning By this study we want to identify the reasons which result the irregular and unsafe road system from the historical factor.

풍화작용에 의한 정상모발의 형태학적 변화

홍완성,장병수,임도선,박상옥,여성문 韓國電子顯微鏡學會 2000 Applied microscopy Vol.30 No.1

성인 남성의 모발에서 정상 모간과 자연상태에서 손상된 모간의 외부형태와 미세구조적 변화를 광학현미경과 주사 및 투과전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 정상 모간은 모소피층, 모피질, 모수질 등의 3부분으로 구성되어 있었다. 모소피층은 5-7개의 모소피세포들이 중첩되어 모피질과 모수질을 둘러싸고 있고, 길게 신장되어 모피질을 둘러싸고 있는 소피세포의 두께는 약 0.4㎛로 확인되었다. 또한, 이들 세포사이에는 약 25㎛의 세포사이 막복합체가 관찰되었다. 모피질은 잘 발달되어 각질화세포(cornified cell)들로 치밀하게 채워져 있었고, 각질화세포는 직경 약 0.5-0.8㎛인 구형 또는 타원형외 macrofibril로 구성되어 있었으며, 이들은 약 8nm 두께의 가는 microfibri이 동심원상의 규칙적인 형태로 배열되어 있었다. 그리고 macrofibril 사이에는 약 0.5㎛크기의 직경을 가진 구형의 melanin과립들이 고르게 산재되어 관찰되었다. 모수질은 공기가 채워져 있었고, 직경이 약 16㎛의 구형의 형태로 모간의 전체 직경에 1/5 정도를 차지하고 있었다. 풍화에 의해 손상된 모간은 모소피층이 박리되어 있었으며, 모피질세포의 세포질도 손상되어 melanin과립들이 표면에 노출되어 있는 것이 확인되었다. 조직표본상에서 모소피층의 박리과정은 모소피 사이에 공포가 형성되고, 이어서 모소피의 가장자리가 떨어져 나가고, 박리되지 않은 부위는 절단되었다. 모소피가 탈락되어 모피질이 노출된 부위에서는 각질화세포내에 존재하는 macrofibri이 각각 분리되고, 인접원 macrofibril 사이에 공기가 채워지게 되어 오간의 풍화과정은 더욱 촉진되었다. 그리고 노출된 macrofibril 사이에서 탈락 직전의 melanin 과립들이 산재되어 관찰되었다. The morphological changes in normal and weathering hair shafts of the human scalp were investigated by using the transmission and scanning electron microscopes. The hair shaft composed of cuticular layer, cortex and medulla. The surface of normal hairs are smooth and covered by imbricated cuticular scales. The cuticular layer consists of five to seven cuticle cells. These cells, which are flat and thin, measuring about 100 ㎛ long and 0.4 ㎛ thick, appears intercellular membrane complex in diameter 25 nm. The cortex composed of melanin granules and cornified cells, which multicomponent concentric microfibrils in diameter about 8 nm give rise to macrofibrils in diameter 0.5 ㎛ to 0.8 ㎛ encased in limiting membrane. The melanin granules are spherical shaped about 0.5 ㎛ in size and scattered between macrofibrils. The medulla in the normal hairs are 16 ㎛ in diameter centrally region of cortex. Normal hair shafts undergo progressive degenerative changes due to a variety of environmental insults. In the initial weathering process of hair, the cuticular scales became irregularly raised and broken, and then cuticle cells formed cytoplasmic vacuolation, following dissociated intercellular membrane complex, ultimately entirely lost and nuded cortex. Occasionally, transverse fissures were seen at hair shafts indicating that the hairs were deteriorated Complete removal of the cuticular layer in the heavily damaged cortex portions appeared splitting of the cortical cell into its macrofibrils and scattering of melanin granules.

Study on the Fire Hazard and Risk Analysis Derived from the Plant Configuration Change During the Shutdown Period at Nuclear Power Plants

Jee Moon-Hak,Hong Sung-Yull,Sung Chang-Kyung,Jung Hyun-Jong Korean Nuclear Society 2003 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.35 No.6

Fire hazard and risk analysis at Nuclear Power Plants is implemented on the basis of the normal operational configuration. This steady configuration, however, can be changed due to the temporary displacement of equipment, electric cable and irregular movement of workers through the fire compartments when the on-line maintenance is processed during the power operation mode or the scheduled outage mode for the refueling. With the consequence of this configuration change, the fire analysis condition and the evaluation result will be different from those that were analyzed based on the steady configuration. In this context, at this paper, the general items for the reassessment are categorized when the configuration has changed. The contemporary zone models for the detail fire analysis are also illustrated for their application for each classified condition.

中風病辨證診斷標準에 의한 臨床的 硏究

任長信,文祥官,高昌男,權正男,曺基湖,金永錫,裵亨燮,李京燮 경희대학교 1997 慶熙醫學 Vol.13 No.3

요추부 추간판탈출증에서 경피적 자동수핵제거술 치료의 예후 인자

이승호,문창택,장상근 대한신경외과학회 1994 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.23 No.12

Percutaneous automated lumbar discectomy as it is now practiced appears to be an extremely safe procedure. One hundred fourty eight patients with lumbar disc herniation were treated with automated percutaneous lumbar discectomy(A.PL.D.). The postoperative results in 118 patients were evaluated at more than 3 months after the operation. Total satisfactory result was 74% excellent 16%, good 58%, fair 22%, poor 4% by Macnab' s criteria. For further satisfactory result, more meticulous crteria is needed. The results indicated that several prognostic factors were considered : 1) less than 30 years of age, 2) more than 4ml of aspirated disc volumn, 3) L4-5 of disc level, 4) follow up X-ray change(59%), but no CT change and possible MRI change.