A Hybrid Active Queue Management for Stability and Fast Adaptation

Joo Chang-Hee,Bahk Sae-Woong,Lumetta Steven S. The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2006 Journal of communications and networks Vol.8 No.1

The domination of the Internet by TCP-based services has spawned many efforts to provide high network utilization with low loss and delay in a simple and scalable manner. Active queue management (AQM) algorithms attempt to achieve these goals by regulating queues at bottleneck links to provide useful feedback to TCP sources. While many AQM algorithms have been proposed, most suffer from instability, require careful configuration of nonintuitive control parameters, or are not practical because of slow response to dynamic traffic changes. In this paper, we propose a new AQM algorithm, hybrid random early detection (HRED), that combines the more effective elements of recent algorithms with a random early detection (RED) core. HRED maps instantaneous queue length to a drop probability, automatically adjusting the slope and intercept of the mapping function to account for changes in traffic load and to keep queue length within the desired operating range. We demonstrate that straightforward selection of HRED parameters results in stable operation under steady load and rapid adaptation to changes in load. Simulation and implementation tests confirm this stability, and indicate that overall performances of HRED are substantially better than those of earlier AQM algorithms. Finally, HRED control parameters provide several intuitive approaches to trading between required memory, queue stability, and response time.

韓牛 肥育促進을 위한 Cobalt(Co) 給與效果에 關한 硏究

尹熙燮,吳世正,姜昌鎭,金時明 건국대학교 1978 學術誌 Vol.22 No.1

For an increase of body weight, feed efficiency, and profitability of Korean cattle fattening through the effective fattening of the Korean cattle concentrates with an addition of 0.05 mg of cobalt for test plot I, 0.05 mg of cobalt for test plot II 0.10 mg, and 0.15 mg for test plot III, per kg of concentrate were given to sampled cattle. Experiments were designed to repeat control plot and three test plots (I, II, III) five times far 140 days on the 20 cattle sampled by completely randomized design. The results of the experiments are presented in the following. I. Amount of Body Weight Gain The average weight gain per head, and weight gain per day are commonly highest in the test plot II (132.6 kg ㆍ 0.92 kg), second in the test plot I (128.5 kg ㆍ 0.91 kg), third in the test plot III (121.1 kg ㆍ 0.87 kg), and lowest in the control plot (120.4 kg ㆍ 0.87 kg). The rull hypothesis was accepted while there was no statistical significance between the test plots and the control plot, and also among the test plots. But the test plots with an addition of cobalt resulted in higher gain of body weigh comparing to that of the control plot. II. Amount of Feed Intake and Feed Effeciency The efficiency of concentrate required to increase on Kilogram of beef was highest in the test plot II 6.42 kg, second in the test plot I 6.53kg, third in the test plot III 7.00 kg, and lowest in the control plot 7.18 kg respectively. In case of flay and pellets the test plot I showed the highest weight gain, the test plot II, and III resulted in the same performance, and the control plot was the lowest one in the gain of body weight. There was no statistical significance between the test plots and control plot, and among the test plots. Thus, the test plots with ail addition of cobalt comparing to the control plot resulted in a higher feed efficiency. III. Profitability Feed costs required to increase one Kilogram of fresh meat was 636 casts won in the test plot II, 641 won in the test plot I, 685 fresh meat won in the test plot III, and 703 won in the control plot respectively. While there was no statistical significance with profitability, the test plot with an addition of cobalt required lower feed cost increase one kilogram if fresh meat comparing to the control plot. IV. Fattening outcome Of the sampled 20 cattle 18 cattle were slaughtered after 6 days from the last day of the tests. The carcass rate of the sloughtered cattle was 56.4 percent in the test plot II, 55.0 percent in the test I, 54.8 percent in the test plot III, and 54.6 percent in the control plot. There was no statistical significance with the rate of carcass, but the test plats with an addition to cobalt presented a little higher carcass rate comparing to the control plot. It was rather difficult to distinguish meat color with eyes, but comparing to the control plot the meat color of the test plots was heavily red.

대장수술 후에 발생한 급성신부전의 위험인자

이혜미,황창재,김재황,김흥대,박대팔,서일숙,송선옥,김세연,이덕희,지대림 영남대학교 의과대학 2007 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.24 No.2

연구 배경 : 급성 신부전은 술 후 발생할 수 있는 합병증 중에서 사망률은 큰 영향을 줄 수 있으므로 이 연구를 통해 위험인자를 알아보려고 한다. 재료 및 방법 : 2004년 1월부터 2006년 12월까지 3년간 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원에서 대장 수술을 받은 570명의 환자들을 대상으로 하였다. 환자들의 성별과 연령, 미국 마취과학회 신체등급, 동반질환, 수술의 종류, 응급수술의 여부, 수술 시간, 재수술의 여부, 술 중의 투약 상황, 술 후에 자가 통증 조절기에 사용한 약제, 술 중에 저혈압의 유무, 수혈 여부, 술 후 기계적 환기를 시행한 경우를 비교하였다. 결과 : 비교 결과에서 성별과 수술의 종류, 응급 수술의 여부, 개복여부 등에는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 반면 환자의 나이와 수술 시간, 재수술의 여부, 술중에 이뇨제 등을 사용한 경우, 술 중에 저혈압의 유무, 술 후에 기계적 환기를 시행한 경우 등에는 유의한 차이를 보였다. 결론 : 이상의 결과로 급성신부전의 원인은 어느 한 가지라고 하기 보다는 위험인자에 얼마나 노출되어 있는가가 결정하는 것 같고, 그 원인들이 모여서 상승효과를 내는 것 같다. 그러므로 수술 전부터 많은 위험에 노출된 환자는 술 중 더 적극적인 감시를 시행하여 수술 후의 합병증 발생을 줄이는 노력을 기울여야 하겠다. Background : Acute renal failure is one of the leading causes of postoperative morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors that are associated with acute renal failure after colorectal surgery. Materials and Methods : Five hundred seventy patients who operated colorectal surgery at the Yeungnam University Medical Center over three years from 2004 to 2006 were enrolled in this study. The effects of gender, age, ASA classification, concomitant disease, surgery type and duration, reoperation, urogenital manipulation, medication, hypotension, hypovolemia, transfusion, and postoperative ventilatory care on the occurrence of acute renal failure after colorectal surgery were studied. Results : The major risk factors of acute renal failure after colorectal surgery were age of patients (P=0.003), ASA classification (P<0.001), concomitant disease (P<0.001), duration of the time surgery (P=0.034), reoperation (P=0.001), use of intraoperative diuretics (P=0.005), use of postoperative diuretics (P<0.001), intraoperative hypotension (P=0.018), intraoperative transfusion (P<0.001), postoperative transfusion (P<0.001), and postoperative ventilatory care (P=0.001). Conclusion : Multiple factors cause synergistic effects on the development of acute renal failure after colorectal surgery. Therefore, efforts to reduce the risk factors associated with acute renal failure are needed. In addition, intensive postoperative care should be provided to all patients.

국내 주요 목재의 단기적 기상열화에 의한 목재표면의 화학적 성상 변화

신희창 ( Hee Chang Shin ),윤새민 ( Won Joung Hwang ),황원중 ( Sae-min Yoon ),윤정희 ( Jeonghee Yun ),김영숙 ( Yeong-suk Kim ) 한국목재공학회 2020 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2020 No.1

국내에서 사용되는 주요 목재의 지역별 기상열화의 경시적 변화 중 기상열화된 목재표면에 발생하는 화학적 성상변화를 확인하기 위하여 2종의 국산재와 4종의 수입목재를 대상으로 자연내후성시험(KS M ISO 16053: 2010)을 폭로기간별로 조사하였다. 목재시험편은 서울 동대문구에 위치한 국립산림과학원 임산공학부동 건물 옥상(서울 동대문구 회기로 57, 37°35'36.0"N 및 127°02'37.1"E)과 제주도 서귀포시에 위치한 국립산림과학원 난대산림연구소(제주 서귀포시 돈내코로 22, 33°17'55.2"N 및 126°35'36.1"E)에 설치하였다. 설치 후, 1, 3, 6, 12개월 경과된 시점에 FTIR측정에 의한 화학적 성상변화를 측정하여 지역별, 경과기간별, 수종별로 비교분석하였다. 자연내후조작 후, 햄록 외 5수종에 대하여 FTIR결과에서 리그닌 또는 추출성분이 나타나는 흡수대의 피크가 소멸되거나 감소되는 결과를 보여 이들 성분의 광산화 분해가 시사되었다. 또한 전체 공시수종에서 1055cm^-1, 1113cm^-1, 1158cm^-1 및 1640cm^-1 등의 흡수대에서 헤미셀룰로우스 유래의 피크 증가가 나타나 리그닌의 광산화 반응과정에서 발생하는 라디칼이 셀룰로우스나 헤미셀룰로우스의 중합도 저하를 일으킨 것으로 고찰되었다. 서울과 제주도에서 1개월 경과 후 화학적 성상이 3, 6 및 12개월간 폭로된 그것과 거의 동일 수준으로 나타나 목재표면의 최외층에 존재하는 리그닌 및 추출물은 자연폭로 1개월만에 거의 분해되는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 수지를 함유한 공시 수종의 경우, 1740cm^-1수지 유래 C=O가 서울은 3개월, 제주는 1개월에 피크가 감소하여 리그닌보다 수지의 기상열화가 천천히 진행되고 서울보다는 제주도에서 목재표면의 화학적 성상 변화가 빨리 나타나 지역별 기상열화의 진행속도가 상이한 것으로 밝혀졌다.

Alcohol, NAFLD, Other : The Change of the Complications and Cause of Death of the Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis

( Hee Yeon Kim ),( Chang Wook Kim ),( Chang Don Lee ),( Jong Young Choi ),( Sae Hwan Lee ),( Moon Young Kim ),( Byoung Kuk Jang ),( Hyun Young Woo ) 대한간학회 2013 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2013 No.1

Background: There have been limited data on the epidemiology of alcoholic liver cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the temporal evolution of patterns of alcoholic cirrhosis compared to non-alcoholic cirrhosis over the last decade. Methods: ICD-10 was initially used to identify patients who had hospitalized due to the complication of cirrhosis. Patient information was retrospectively collected from medical record database of five referral hospitals in Korea during 2002 and 2011. The etiology, complications and the cause of death were compared. Results: One thousand seven hundred seventy and 1552 admission episodes were recorded in 2002 and 2011, respectively. Alcoholic cirrhosis accounted for 47.3% and 48.6 % of admission episodes in 2002 and 2011, respectively. A male predominance was noticeable for alcoholic cirrhosis with the prevalence rate of 91% and 88.6% in 2002 and 2011, respectively. Variceal bleeding was the most common decompensation complications requiring hospital admissions in both the 2002 and the 2011 records. Among cirrhotic complications for hospitalization, the proportion of hepatocellular carcinoma had increased in 2011 compared to 2002 (5.8% vs 3.6% for alcoholic cirrhosis, 18.3% vs 8.8% for non-alcoholic cirrhosis). The common causes of deaths for alcoholic cirrhosis were hepatic encephalopathy, variceal bleeding and hepatic failure in order, and hepatorenal syndrome, hepatic failure, and variceal bleeding in or- der in 2002 and 2011, respectively. Conclusions: The decrease in liver cirrhosis deaths attributable to variceal bleeding or hepatic encephalopathy was observed during 2002 and 2011. Improvements in treatment of acute complications could possibly explain this trend.

국내 주요 목재의 단기적 기상열화에 의한 목재표면의 미세구조 변화

신희창 ( Hee Chang Shin ),윤새민 ( Won Joung Hwang ),황원중 ( Sae-min Yoon ),이종신 ( Jong Shin Lee ),윤정희 ( Jeonghee Yun ),김영숙 ( Yeong-suk Kim ) 한국목재공학회 2020 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2020 No.1

국내에서 사용되는 주요 목재의 지역별 기상열화의 경시적 변화 중 기상열화된 목재표면에 발생하는 미세구조의 변화를 확인하기 위하여 2종의 국산재와 4종의 수입목재를 대상으로 자연내후성시험(KS M ISO 16053: 2010)을 폭로기간별로 조사하였다. 목재시험편은 서울 동대문구에 위치한 국립산림과학원 임산공학부동 건물 옥상(37°35'36. 0"N 및 127°02'37.1"E)과 제주도 서귀포시에 위치한 난대산림연구소(22, 33°17'55.2"N 및 126°35'36.1"E)에 설치하였다. 설치 후, 1, 3, 6개월 경과된 시점에 SEM관찰에 의한 미세구조변화에 대하여 지역별, 경과기간별, 수종별로 비교분석하였다. 그 결과, 기상열화 후 목재 미세구조는 횡단면 및 접선단면에서 리그닌 분포가 많은 중간층이 분해되어 세포벽 두께가 얇아지면서 섬유배열이 불규칙해지거나 섬유들의 모양이 찌그러지는 현상이 관찰되었다. 특히 침엽수의 수직 또는 수평수지구를 둘러싸고 있던 박벽세포와 수지 물질이 10일 폭로에 손상되기 시작되어 2개월에는 서로 분리 이탈되거나 소실된 현상까지 나타났다. 중간층파괴에 이어 가도관 1차벽또는 S1층으로 추정되는 막 분리 현상도 다수 발견되었다. 접선단면에서는 다양한 수종에 걸쳐 방사가도관 및 종방향의 세포간층 붕괴, 세포 내벽 및 S2층의 섬유방향으로의 갈라짐 또는 할열, 나선형의 미세섬유할열, 유연벽공주변의 할열, 벽공연의 찢어짐, 축방향가도관과 방사조직 간의 중간층 소실, 및 나선비후대의 침식과 같은 현상이 확인되어 수종별로 다양한 미세구조 변화가 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 나선비후대의 침식은 목재가해 균류 등에 의한 다당류 분해나 페놀성 성분 등의 광분해로 산성물질이 생성되면서 산 가수분해 등의 가능성도 있을 수 있어서 원인구명에 대한 보다 심도있는 연구가 필요한 것으로 고찰되었다.

Correlation between the Korean Version of Asthma Control Test and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adult Asthmatics

Kwon, Hyouk-Soo,Lee, So-Hee,Yang, Min-Suk,Lee, Sang-Min,Kim, Sae-Hoon,Kim, Deok-In,Sohn, Seong-Wook,Park, Chang-Han,Park, Heung-Woo,Kim, Sun-Sin,Cho, Sang-Heon,Min, Kyung-Up,Kim, You-Young,Chang, Yoon The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2008 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.23 No.4

<P>The Asthma Control Test (ACT) is a patient-completed questionnaire developed to assess asthma control. Health-related quality of life (HRQL) in asthmatics has shown relatively low correlations with parameters of asthma control and the relationship between the ACT and HRQL in asthmatics is yet unclear. Because revalidations of translated versions of questionnaires are critical for its utilization, we first sought to validate the Korean version of ACT and then to evaluate the relationship between the ACT and HRQL. Patients (n=117) completed the ACT and asthma-related quality of life questionnaire (AQLQ) at 3 physician visits. Pulmonary function was measured and an asthma specialist rated asthma control. The Korean version of ACT was found to be reliable, valid, and responsive to changes in asthma control over time up to three consecutive visits. ACT scores correlated significantly (<I>p</I>=0.001) with symptoms domain (r=0.72), activity domain (r=0.65), emotional domain (r=0.69), and environmental domain (r=0.67) of AQLQ. In conclusion, the Korean version of the ACT was found to be a reliable and valid tool for measuring asthma control, and to correlate well with AQLQ scores. Moreover, the ACT was responsive to changes in AQLQ scores over time.</P>

Midazolam 의 중추신경계에 미치는 영향과 Flumazenil 의 길항작용에 대한 연구

김문호,이정은,최세진,한능희,손수창 대한마취과학회 1991 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.24 No.2

The effects of midazolam and diazepam which were used as an induction agent of general anesthesia were evaluated. And flumazenil which is a potent competitive inhibitor of the specific binding of benzodiazepines at the receptor level was evaluated too. Sixty patients were divided into three groups as follows: Group I (n=20); Midazolam (average 0.24 mgkg-1) was administered as an induction agent and flumazenil (average 0.24 mgkg-1) was administered in recovery room Group II (n=20); Diazepam (average 0.35 mgkg-1) was administered as an induction agent and flumaxenil (average 0.25 mgkg-1) was administered in recovery room Group III (n=20); Midazolam (average 0.24 mgkg-1) was administered as an induction agent and normal saline was administered in recovery room instead of flumaxenil The result were as follows: 1) Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate were not changed significantly, except diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly (p$lt;0.05) in group II, after intravenous administration of midazolam and diazepam. But these were all increased significantly (p$lt;0.001) after endotracheal intubation in all groups. 2) Systolic and diastolic blood preasure and heart rate were not changed significantly after intravenous administration of flumazenil in group I, II and there were no significant differences between each groups. 3) Tidal volume was increased significantly (p$lt;0.05) in group 1 from 15 min after administration of flumazenil. There were no significant changes in all groups in respiratory rate. SaO₂ was increased significantly (p$lt;0.05, p$lt;0.001) in group I, II from 5 min after administration of flumazenil. But it was increased significantly (p$lt;0.05) in group III from 20 min after administration of normal saline too. EtCO₂ was decreased insignificantly in all groups. 4) Recovery from anesthesia according to Modified Steward Coma Scale was much improved immediately after administration of flumazenil and was significant (p$lt;0.001) statistically in group I, II from 5 min after administration of flumazenil and reached complete recovery from 20 min after administration of flumaxenil. It was increased gradually and become significant in group III from 10 min after administration of normal saline. These changes of group I, II were significant (p$lt;0.05) compared with group III and reached complete recovery from 60 min after administration of flumazenil.

Forsythia Koreana NAKAI씨 (토연교)의 성분에 관한 연구 (제1보)

장세희,허태성,김재순 聖心女子大學校 1970 論文集 Vol.2 No.-

Forsythia Koreana NAKAL씨(토연교)를 Methanol로 추출하여 4가지 다른 성분의 결정을 분리하였다. 확인시험 결과 이 화합물들은 phytosterol, querternary base, sapogenin flavonol glycoside임이 확인 되었다. From the methanol extract of the Fruits of Forsythia Koreana NAKAL, four different rystals were obtained. By the methdos and procedure described in this paper they were identified as phytosterol, querternary base, sapogenin and flavonol glycoside.

A case of rectal hemangiomatosis mimicking a lymphagiomatosis (초)

( Hee Jun Shim ),( Chang Hwan Choi ),( Jeong Wook Kim ),( Sae Kyung Chang ) 대한내과학회 2012 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2012 No.1