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High‐Performance n‐Channel Thin‐Film Field‐Effect Transistors Based on a Nanowire‐Forming Polymer
Hahm, Suk Gyu,Rho, Yecheol,Jung, Jungwoon,Kim, Se Hyun,Sajoto, Tissa,Kim, Felix S.,Barlow, Stephen,Park, Chan Eon,Jenekhe, Samson A.,Marder, Seth R.,Ree, Moonhor WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 Advanced functional materials Vol.23 No.16
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A new electrontransport polymer, poly{[<I>N,N′</I>‐dioctylperylene‐3,4,9,10‐bis(dicarboximide)‐1,7(6)‐diyl]‐<I>alt</I>‐[(2,5‐bis(2‐ethyl‐hexyl)‐1,4‐phenylene)bis(ethyn‐2,1‐diyl]} (PDIC8‐EB), is synthesized. In chloroform, the polymer undergoes self‐assembly, forming a nanowire suspension. The nanowire's optical and electrochemical properties, morphological structure, and field‐effect transistor (FET) characteristics are investigated. Thin films fabricated from a PDIC8‐EB nanowire suspension are composed of ordered nanowires and ordered and amorphous non‐nanowire phases, whereas films prepared from a homogeneous PDIC8‐EB solution consist of only the ordered and amorphous non‐nanowire phases. X‐ray scattering experiments suggest that in both nanowires and ordered phases, the PDIC8 units are laterally stacked in an edge‐on manner with respect to the film plane, with full interdigitation of the octyl chains, and with the polymer backbones preferentially oriented within the film plane. The ordering and orientations are significantly enhanced through thermal annealing at 200 °C under inert conditions. The polymer film with high degree of structural ordering and strong orientation yields a high electron mobility (0.10 ± 0.05 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP>), with a high on/off ratio (3.7 × 10<SUP>6</SUP>), a low threshold voltage (8 V), and negligible hysteresis (0.5 V). This study demonstrates that the polymer in the nanowire suspension provides a suitable material for fabricating the active layers of high‐performance n‐channel FET devices via a solution coating process.</P>
SPATIAL CLUSTERING FROM<i>GALEX</i>-SDSS SAMPLES: STAR FORMATION HISTORY AND LARGE-SCALE CLUSTERING
Heinis, Sé,bastien,Budavá,ri, Tamá,s,Szalay, Alex S.,Arnouts, Sté,phane,Aragó,n-Calvo, Miguel A.,Wyder, Ted K.,Barlow, Tom A.,Foster, Karl,Peter, Friedman G.,Martin, D. C IOP Publishing 2009 The Astrophysical journal Vol.698 No.2
The International Urban Energy Balance Models Comparison Project: First Results from Phase 1
Grimmond, C.S.B.,Blackett, M.,Best, M.J.,Barlow, J.,Baik, J.-J.,Belcher, S.E.,Bohnenstengel, S.I.,Calmet, I.,Chen, F.,Dandou, A. AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2010 JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY Vol.49 No.6
RF plasma functionalized carbon surfaces for supporting sensor architectures
J.S. Quinton,A. Deslandes,A. Barlow,J.G. Shapter,C. Fairman,J.J. Gooding,D.B. Hibbert 한국물리학회 2008 Current Applied Physics Vol.8 No.3,4
Carbon has a number of properties that make it ideal for use in sensor and electrical applications. Using radio frequency plasma with different precursor gases and operating plasma conditions, it is possible to pre-treat a variety of carbon surfaces in preparation for further molecular attachment, or surface functionalization. Research in our laboratory involves studies on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) as a model carbon substrate and pyrolysed photoresist films (PPF). Plasma treated surfaces have been characterised using a variety of surface sensitive techniques. We will report on results obtained using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to probe the chemical nature of the treated surfaces, and hence the extent of treatment. Time of flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (ToFSIMS) has been utilised to determine the extent of hydrogenation after plasma treatment. Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) measurements provide morphological information about the treated surfaces, in particular damage and a severe change in surface structures that may be caused by various plasma treatments. Etching and/or nucleation and growth features are also observed and will be discussed, with the types of features and their distribution strongly dependent on the precursor gas that is used to support the plasma. Carbon has a number of properties that make it ideal for use in sensor and electrical applications. Using radio frequency plasma with different precursor gases and operating plasma conditions, it is possible to pre-treat a variety of carbon surfaces in preparation for further molecular attachment, or surface functionalization. Research in our laboratory involves studies on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) as a model carbon substrate and pyrolysed photoresist films (PPF). Plasma treated surfaces have been characterised using a variety of surface sensitive techniques. We will report on results obtained using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to probe the chemical nature of the treated surfaces, and hence the extent of treatment. Time of flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (ToFSIMS) has been utilised to determine the extent of hydrogenation after plasma treatment. Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) measurements provide morphological information about the treated surfaces, in particular damage and a severe change in surface structures that may be caused by various plasma treatments. Etching and/or nucleation and growth features are also observed and will be discussed, with the types of features and their distribution strongly dependent on the precursor gas that is used to support the plasma.
Song, J.M.,Kim, Y.C.,Barlow, P.G.,Hossain, M.J.,Park, K.M.,Donis, R.O.,Prausnitz, M.R.,Compans, R.W.,Kang, S.M. Elsevier/North-Holland 2010 Antiviral research Vol.88 No.2
To develop a more effective vaccination method against H5N1 virus, we investigated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy after skin vaccination using microneedles coated with influenza virus-like particles containing hemagglutinin derived from A/Vietnam/1203/04 H5N1 virus (H5 VLPs). A single microneedle vaccination of mice with H5 VLPs induced increased levels of antibodies and provided complete protection against lethal challenge without apparent disease symptoms. In contrast, intramuscular injection with the same vaccine dose showed low levels of antibodies and provided only partial protection accompanied by severe body weight loss. Post-challenge analysis suggested that improved protection was associated with lower lung viral titers and enhanced generation of recall antibody secreting cells by microneedle vaccination. Thus, this study provides evidence that skin delivery of H5 VLP vaccines using microneedles designed for self-administration induces improved protection compared to conventional intramuscular immunization.
The <i>UV</i>–optical colour dependence of galaxy clustering in the local universe
Loh, Yeong-Shang,Rich, R. Michael,Heinis, Sé,bastien,Scranton, Ryan,Mallery, Ryan P.,Salim, Samir,Martin, D. Christopher,Wyder, Ted,Arnouts, Sté,phane,Barlow, Tom A.,Forster, Karl,Friedman Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.407 No.1
<P>ABSTRACT</P><P>We measure the UV-optical colour dependence of galaxy clustering in the local Universe. Using the clean separation of the red and blue sequences made possible by the <I>NUV</I>−<I>r</I> colour–magnitude diagram, we segregate the galaxies into red, blue and intermediate ‘green’ classes. We explore the clustering as a function of this segregation by removing the dependence on luminosity and by excluding edge-on galaxies as a means of a non-model dependent veto of highly extincted galaxies. We find that ξ(<I>r</I><SUB>p</SUB>, π) for both red and green galaxies shows strong redshift-space distortion on small scales – the ‘finger-of-God’ effect, with green galaxies having a lower amplitude than is seen for the red sequence, and the blue sequence showing almost no distortion. On large scales, ξ(<I>r</I><SUB>p</SUB>, π) for all three samples show the effect of large-scale streaming from coherent infall. On scales of 1 <I>h</I><SUP>−1</SUP> Mpc < <I>r</I><SUB>p</SUB> < 10 <I>h</I><SUP>−1</SUP> Mpc, the projected auto-correlation function <I>w</I><SUB>p</SUB>(<I>r</I><SUB>p</SUB>) for red and green galaxies fits a power law with slope γ∼ 1.93 and amplitude <I>r</I><SUB>0</SUB>∼ 7.5 and 5.3, compared with γ∼ 1.75 and <I>r</I><SUB>0</SUB>∼ 3.9 <I>h</I><SUP>−1</SUP> Mpc for blue sequence galaxies. Compared to the clustering of a fiducial <I>L</I>* galaxy, the red, green and blue have a relative bias of 1.5, 1.1 and 0.9, respectively. The <I>w</I><SUB>p</SUB>(<I>r</I><SUB>p</SUB>) for blue galaxies display an increase in convexity at ∼ 1 <I>h</I><SUP>−1</SUP> Mpc, with an excess of large-scale clustering. Our results suggest that the majority of blue galaxies are likely central galaxies in less massive haloes, while red and green galaxies have larger satellite fractions, and preferentially reside in virialized structures. If blue sequence galaxies migrate to the red sequence via processes like mergers or quenching that take them through the green valley, such a transformation may be accompanied by a change in environment in addition to any change in luminosity and colour.</P>