Fabrication of a ternary CdS/ZnIn₂S₄/TiO₂ heterojunction for enhancing photoelectrochemical performance: effect of cascading electron–hole transfer

Mahadik, Mahadeo A.,Shinde, Pravin S.,Cho, Min,Jang, Jum Suk The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.3 No.46

<▼1><P>A novel, three-dimensional, ternary CdS/ZnIn2S4/TiO2 heterojunction has been fabricated <I>via</I> a three-step facile hydrothermal method.</P></▼1><▼2><P>A novel, three-dimensional, ternary CdS/ZnIn2S4/TiO2 heterojunction has been fabricated <I>via</I> a three-step facile hydrothermal method. In this structure, one-dimensional TiO2 nanorods were directly grown on conductive fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates. Next, to form a ternary heterojunction of CdS/ZnIn2S4/TiO2, ZnIn2S4 nanosheets were designed on the TiO2 nanorods and sensitized by CdS nanograins. A systematic photoelectrochemical study shows that the photocurrent density of the ternary heterojunction architecture is as high as 1.4 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP> at a potential of 0.1 V <I>versus</I> Ag/AgCl (under optimized conditions). A more detailed study shows that the photocurrent density is more than two times higher than that of a single CdS/TiO2 heterojunction (0.615 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP>) and three times higher than that of ZnIn2S4/TiO2 (at 0.1 V <I>vs.</I> Ag/AgCl). This excellent photoelectrochemical performance is ascribed to the way that the band structure of TiO2 nanorods synergistically cascades with ZnIn2S4 and CdS, which allows for the absorption of a wider portion of the solar spectrum and improves the effective separation of the generated electron–hole pairs. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies also reveal the significant changes in both the interface resistance and the charge transfer resistance of the CdS/ZnIn2S4/TiO2 heterostructure. This can be attributed to the efficient hierarchical cascading that occurs during the electron–hole transfer from the excited CdS to TiO2 through the enlarged interface of ZnIn2S4 upon visible light illumination.</P></▼2>

Symptomatic improvement with gluten restriction in irritable bowel syndrome: a prospective, randomized, double blinded placebo controlled trial

( Vinay G Zanwar ),( Sunil V Pawar ),( Pravir A Gambhire ),( Samit S Jain ),( Ravindra G Surude ),( Vinaya B Shah ),( Qais Q Contractor ),( Pravin M Rathi ) 대한장연구학회 2016 Intestinal Research Vol.14 No.4

Background/Aims: The existence of non-celiac gluten sensitivity has been debated. Indeed, the intestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms of many patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) but without celiac disease or wheat allergy have been shown to improve on a gluten-free diet. Therefore, this study set out to evaluate the effects of gluten on IBS symptoms. Methods: We performed a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled rechallenge trial in a tertiary care hospital with IBS patients who fulfilled the Rome III criteria. Patients with celiac disease and wheat allergy were appropriately excluded. The participants were administered a gluten-free diet for 4 weeks and were asked to complete a symptom-based questionnaire to assess their overall symptoms, abdominal pain, bloating, wind, and tiredness on the visual analog scale (0-100) at the baseline and every week thereafter. The participants who showed improvement were randomly assigned to one of two groups to receive either a placebo (gluten-free breads) or gluten (whole cereal breads) as a rechallenge for the next 4 weeks. Results: In line with the protocol analysis, 60 patients completed the study. The overall symptom score on the visual analog scale was significantly different between the two groups (P <0.05). Moreover, the patients in the gluten intervention group scored significantly higher in terms of abdominal pain, bloating, and tiredness (P <0.05), and their symptoms worsened within 1 week of the rechallenge. Conclusions: A gluten diet may worsen the symptoms of IBS patients. Therefore, some form of gluten sensitivity other than celiac disease exists in some of them, and patients with IBS may benefit from gluten restrictions. (Intest Res 2016;14:343-350)

HIV/AIDS-related lymphoma: perspective from a regional cancer center in India

A.H. Rudresha,Pravin Ashok Khandare,D. Lokanatha,Abraham Jacob Linu,M.C. Suresh Babu,K.N. Lokesh,L.K. Rajeev,Carol Saldanha Smitha,Vaibhav Baburao Amale,C.S. Premalata,Mulchandani Nikita 대한혈액학회 2019 Blood Research Vol.54 No.3

BackgroundIndia has the third largest population of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). Lymphoma is the second most common malignancy among PLHA. However, data are lacking regard-ing HIV/AIDS-related lymphoma (ARL) in India. This study evaluated the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of ARL from a regional cancer center in India.MethodsThis retrospective analysis included cases of ARL between March 2011 and September 2017. Data were obtained from patient record files for the assessment of epidemiology and clinical outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 6. Comparisons of subtype-specific survivals were performed using log-rank tests.ResultsOf 1,226 lymphoma cases, 80 (6.5%) were ARL. Details were available for 70 patients. The median age at diagnosis was 40.5 (9‒74) years with a male:female ratio of 2:1. AIDS-defining lymphomas (ADL) constituted 78.6% of cases, while 21.4% had non-AIDS defining lymphoma (NADL). The mean CD4 counts were 193.15±92.85 and 301.93±107.95 cells/L, respectively (t-test; P=0.0002). Extranodal involvement was present in 55.7%, B symptoms were reported in 60%, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was elevated in 64.3% of patients. The median overall survival times were 6 months for plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL), 23 months for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and was not reached for Hodgkin’s lymphoma (log-rank test; P=0.0011). Other histo-logical subtype cases were too few to draw meaningful survival outcomes.ConclusionARL is a heterogeneous disease. Histologic subtype is a major determinant of the clinical outcome. ADL has significantly lower CD4 counts than those of NADL. There is an urgent and unmet need for uniform management guidelines for improving outcomes in this un-der-represented patient population.

An Explainable Deep Learning Approach for Oral Cancer Detection

Babu P. Ashok,Rai Anjani Kumar,Ramesh Janjhyam Venkata Naga,Nithyasri A.,Sangeetha S.,Kshirsagar Pravin R.,Rajendran A.,Rajaram A.,Dilipkumar S. 대한전기학회 2024 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.19 No.3

With a high death rate, oral cancer is a major worldwide health problem, particularly in low- and middle-income nations. Timely detection and diagnosis are crucial for efective prevention and treatment. To address this challenge, there is a growing need for automated detection systems to aid healthcare professionals. Regular dental examinations play a vital role in early detection. Transfer learning, which leverages knowledge from related domains, can enhance performance in target categories. This study presents a unique approach to the early detection and diagnosis of oral cancer that makes use of the exceptional sensory capabilities of the mouth. Deep neural networks, particularly those based on automated systems, are employed to identify intricate patterns associated with the disease. By combining various transfer learning approaches and conducting comparative analyses, an optimal learning rate is achieved. The categorization analysis of the reference results is presented in detail. Our preliminary fndings demonstrate that deep learning efectively addresses this challenging problem, with the Inception-V3 algorithm exhibiting superior accuracy compared to other algorithms.

Simultaneous quantitative monitoring of drug-induced caspase cascade pathways in carcinoma cells

Naoghare, Pravin K.,Ki, Hyeon A.,Paek, Seung-Mann,Tak, Yu Kyung,Suh, Young-Ger,Kim, Sang Geon,Lee, Kyeong-Hee,Song, Joon Myong Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 Integrative biology Vol.2 No.1

<P>Caspases are the key mediators of apoptosis. The caspase cascade includes a series of events leading to the activation of initiator and downstream caspases in a cell. Analysis of the caspase cascade in intact cells, however, has generally been limited as the simultaneous monitoring of upstream and downstream caspases is not well executed. In an effort to monitor the activation of caspase cascades in an intact cell, high-content cellular imaging that allows simultaneous quantitative monitoring of caspase activation has been developed. This has great significance for the exploration of various cellular caspases involved in apoptotic pathways as possible therapeutic targets in the process of drug discovery. To explore the potential of simultaneous monitoring of caspase-mediated apoptotic pathways, human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells were treated with SH-03 {(7S,7<I>aR</I>,13<I>aS</I>)-9,10-dimethoxy-3,3-dimethyl-7,7<I>a</I>,13,13<I>a</I>-tetrahydro-3<I>H</I>-chromeno [3,4-<I>b</I>]pyrano[2,3-<I>h</I>]chromen-7-ol} (a newly synthesized candidate), camptothecin or naringenin (agents known to induce apoptosis) with or without caspase inhibitors. SH-03 or naringenin treatment initiated the caspase cascade through an intrinsic apoptotic pathway, whereas camptothecin treatment triggered both intrinsic and extrinsic caspase cascades. We now report a new approach based on uniform threshold intensity distribution that facilitates rapid, quantitative monitoring of drug-induced caspase cascades through multi-spectral and multicolor imaging cytometry.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Simultaneous monitoring of caspase cascades. The developed concept may have fundamental significance in establishing image-based assays for elucidating simultaneous cellular events. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b916481b'> </P>

Investigation of structural phase transition, Curie temperature and energy storage density of Ba0.97Ca0.03Ti1−xSnxO3 electroceramics

Kadhane Pravin S.,Baraskar Bharat G.,Darvade Tulshidas C.,Ramdasi Onkar A.,Samsuzzaman Md.,Kambale Rahul C. 한국세라믹학회 2022 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.59 No.5

Three different measurement methods to determine the structural phase transitions and Curie temperature of Ba 0.97 Ca 0.03 Ti 1−x Sn x O 3 (BCTS, x = 0.025, and 0.035 mol). electroceramics are discussed. At room temperature, both com- positions reveal the tetragonal perovskite lattice symmetry as evidenced by X-ray diffraction, temperature-dependent dielectric constant and Raman active modes. The temperature-dependent dielectric study reveals T R-O at − 60 °C, T O-T at 14 °C, T T-C at 126 °C for composition x = 0.025 and T R-O at − 50 °C, T O-T at 20 °C, T T-C at 118 °C for composition x = 0.035. To evident the structural changes happening at phase transitions as well as Curie temperature the variation of polarization concerning temperature is investigated which supports the temperature-dependent dielectric and Raman spectroscopy studies. The room temperature recoverable energy storage density and efficiency of BCTS are calculated by the integral area 3 of the polarization–electric fi eld (P-E) hysteresis loop. The observed recoverable energy storage density is 21.80 mJ/cm and 32.40 mJ/cm 3 with the efficiency of 43.58% and 52.25% for composition x = 0.025 and 0.035 mol., respectively. These results are having practical importance, due to the higher recoverable energy storage density and efficiency with moderate Curie temperature compared to the pure BaTiO 3 . Thus, it can be used as a promising novel and environmentally friendly, lead-free material, for different applications in low carbon vehicles, renewable energy technologies, integrated circuits, and for the high-temperature aerospace sector.

Optimized supercritical fluid extraction and effect of ionic liquids on picroside I and picroside II recovery from Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora rhizomes

Ajit A. Patil,Bhusari S. Sachin,Pravin S. Wakte,Devanand B. Shinde 한국약제학회 2013 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.43 No.3

The supercritical carbon dioxide-assisted extraction (SC CO2E) process was optimized for extracting picroside I and picroside II from Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora rhizomes. The picroside I and picroside II content was determined using validated LC–MS methodology. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to study quantitative effects of extraction parameters viz. operating pressure, temperature, modifier concentration and extraction time using Box–Behnken design. The experimental data were fitted to second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and analyzed using the appropriate statistical method. By solving the regression equation and analyzing 3D plots, the optimum extraction conditions were found to be: extraction pressure, 25 MPa;temperature, 40 C; modifier concentration, 15 % and extraction time, 90 min. The effect of four different ionic liquids (IL) as a modifier additive has been investigated using optimized SCCO2E conditions. None of the IL showed equivalent or enhanced recovery of analytes of interest. The conventional hot percolation of P. scrophulariiflora powder resulted in 23.69 ± 1.02 and 10.22 ± 0.71 mg g-1 picroside I and II, respectively, after an extraction period of 6 h whereas SC CO2E with methanol as modifier showed 33.14 ± 1.23 and 16.77 ± 0.82 mg g-1 recovery of picroside I and II, respectively in 90 min. The comparison of yield and extraction time demonstrated that SC CO2E using methanol as modifier is more efficient than conventional hot percolation method.

Surfactant and TiO₂ underlayer derived porous hematite nanoball array photoanode for enhanced photoelectrochemical water oxidation

Shinde, Pravin S.,Mahadik, Mahadeo A.,Lee, Su Yong,Ryu, Jungho,Choi, Sun Hee,Jang, Jum Suk Elsevier 2017 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL -LAUSANNE- Vol.320 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Controlling the morphology of semiconductors at the nanoscale level is the key for efficient photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting systems. Herein, we report for the first time the fabrication of porous hematite nanoball array film on conducting FTO via a facile pulse reverse electrodeposition method using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant and a TiO<SUB>2</SUB> underlayer (UL) on FTO. A prolonged low-temperature-annealing treatment is employed to convert iron into hematite (α-Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>) and to remove the surfactant molecules gradually. Annihilation of surfactant molecules led to the creation of pores during crystallization of hematite nanoballs, thereby providing low-resistant diffusion pathways for the migration and incorporation of cations (Ti<SUP>4+</SUP> from UL and Sn<SUP>4+</SUP> from FTO) in hematite. The hematite photoanode with porous nanoball array exhibited significantly higher PEC performance than the flat hematite due to sixfold enrichment in the donor density, improved charge-transfer properties, and higher light absorption. The enhancement in photocurrent and water oxidation performance of porous hematite photoanode is also feasible when coupled with well-known Co and CoPi catalysts. Thus, our new approach allowed the simple fabrication of hematite films with nanoporous architecture for enabling high photon harvesting and maximized interfacial charge transfer to facilitate water oxidation reaction.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We report porous hematite nanoball array on FTO using CTAB and TiO<SUB>2</SUB> underlayer (UL) on FTO. </LI> <LI> CTAB and TiO<SUB>2</SUB> UL synergistically helped form porous nanoball array film of hematite. </LI> <LI> Porous nanoball array showed sixfold increase in donor density compared to planar hematite. </LI> <LI> Advance in water oxidation was due to improved charge-transfer and light absorption. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

BIP: A dimensionality reduction for image indexing

Minu R.I.,Nagarajan G.,Prem Jacob T.,Pravin A. 한국통신학회 2019 ICT Express Vol.5 No.3

Searching on internet is one of the daily task done by millions of users around the Globe. There is an urge for effective indexing scheme for unstructured data, which provide better search results. The image, content report, and site pages are said to be unstructured database. These information are not sorted out so the recovery rates of these information are purposely low when contrasted with indexed database. These information are indexed concerning their cues is one of the challenging areas to be explored. For the client require, the data recovery segment endeavors to coordinate the client question with the indexed database will provide effective recovery rates. In this paper a new image indexing scheme called Basic intrinsic pattern (BIP) is elaborated, which uses the image intensity as the key variable for image indexing. The algorithm is evaluated with respect to the size of the feature vector and the retrieval rate.

Colloquia : Peptides as a Protein - Mimetic Agents

Hyo Sil Lee,Pravin Kaumaya,Richard A . Husdon 생화학분자생물학회 1995 생화학분자생물학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.- No.-