Effect of various chromatographic terpenoid fractions of Luffa cylindrica seeds on in-vitro antimicrobial studies

Nagarajan, K.,Saxena, Pallavi,Mazumder, Avijit,Ghosh, L.K.,Devi, G. Uma Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2010 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.10 No.1

The objective of the present investigation is to evaluate the antimicrobial potency of the terpenoid fractions isolated from Luffa cylindrica seeds against various pathogenic microbes. The seeds were powdered and extracted with methanol in soxhlet appratus based on phytochemical screening. Three terpenoid components were isolated by column chromatography and identified by thin layer chromatography and chemical analysis which were designated as ${LCSF_4}^*$, ${LCSF_6}^*$ & ${LCSF_8}^*$ respectively. Disc diffusion method was employed to determine the antimicrobial effectiveness of test compounds I, II and III $({LCSF_4}^*,\;{LCSF_6}^*\;&\;{LCSF_8}^*)$ against 6 microbial species viz., Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, Bacillus (B.) subtilis, Escherichia (E.) coli, Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa, Candida (C.) albicans and Aspergillus niger. The disc was saturated with $100{\mu}l$ of each compound, allowed to dry and introduced on the upper layer of seeded agar plate. The plates were incubated overnight at $37^{\circ}C$. Microbial growth was determined by measuring the zonal inhibition diameters. Compound I showed maximum potency against gram positive S. aureus (21 mm) in comparison with standard ciprofloxacin (38 mm), whereas the same compound was completely devoid of activity against both the fungi tested. Compound II was found to be highly sensitive against both the gram negative E. coli (20 mm) and P. aeruginosa (22 mm). Compound II was found to exhibit maximum potency against the fungi C. albicans (15 mm) and A. niger (20 mm). Compound III was found to be very effective against both the gram positive S. aureus (20 mm) and B. subtilis (15 mm) respectively.

The catalytic activity of titania nanostructures in the synthesis of amides under solvent-free conditions

Nagarajan, Sangaraiah,Ran, Park,Shanmugavelan, Poovan,Sathishkumar, Murugan,Ponnuswamy, Alagusundaram,Suk Nahm, Kee,Gnana kumar, G. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY Vol.36 No.6

<P>Different shapes and phases of titania nanostructures with the uniform size distribution were synthesized by hydrothermal sol–gel technique. The influence of annealing temperature on the crystalline character, size and phase of the prepared nanomaterials were evidenced from the diffraction analysis. Infrared spectroscopic analysis ensured the structural confirmation of the sulfated titania nanostructures. Catalytic activity of the synthesized nanometric materials in direct amidation of aromatic and aliphatic carboxylic acids with aromatic amines was evaluated. Among the materials studied, sulfated titania nanotubes with the anatase phase exhibited excellent catalytic activity. The employed solvent-free protocol is greener and eradicates the drawbacks associated with the hazardous solvents employed in the prevailing solution phase methodologies.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>The texture, shape, size and phase of the titania nanostructured materials were effectively tuned by a simple hydrothermal sol–gel technique and their catalytic activity in amide synthesis is presented. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2nj40119c'> </P>

SESSION 3 - EFFICIENCY AND BEHAVIOR OF PLANT NUTRIENTS IN THE SOIL : Indigenous Soil N Supply and N Use Efficiency in Irrigated Rice - Experience in Tamil Nadu , India

( R . Nagarajan,P . Muthukrishnan,P . Stalin,D . C . Olk,K . G . Cassman,T . B . Ranganathan ) 한국토양비료학회 1997 Soil Quality Management and Agro-Ecosystem Health Vol.- No.-

Effect of various chromatographic terpenoid fractions of Luffa cylindrica seeds on in-vitro antimicrobial studies

K Nagarajan,Pallavi Saxena,Avijit Mazumder,LK Ghosh,G Uma Devi 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2010 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.10 No.1

The objective of the present investigation is to evaluate the antimicrobial potency of the terpenoid fractions isolated from Luffa cylindrica seeds against various pathogenic microbes. The seeds were powdered and extracted with methanol in soxhlet appratus based on phytochemical screening. Three terpenoid components were isolated by column chromatography and identified by thin layer chromatography and chemical analysis which were designated as LCSF4*, LCSF6*& LCSF8*respectively. Disc diffusion method was employed to determine the antimicrobial effectiveness of test compounds I, II and III (LCSF4*, LCSF6*& LCSF8*) against 6 microbial species viz., Staphylococcus (S.)aureus, Bacillus (B.) subtilis, Escherichia (E.) coli, Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa, Candida (C.) albicans and Aspergillus niger. The disc was saturated with 100 µl of each compound, allowed to dry and introduced on the upper layer of seeded agar plate. The plates were incubated overnight at 37°C. Microbial growth was determined by measuring the zonal inhibition diameters. Compound I showed maximum potency against gram positive S. aureus (21 mm) in comparison with standard ciprofloxacin (38 mm), whereas the same compound was completely devoid of activity against both the fungi tested. Compound II was found to be highly sensitive against both the gram negative E. coli (20 mm)and P. aeruginosa (22 mm). Compound II was found to exhibit maximum potency against the fungi C. albicans (15 mm) and A. niger (20 mm). Compound III was found to be very effective against both the gram positive S. aureus (20 mm) and B. subtilis (15 mm) respectively.

ONLINE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM (e- learning)

P.Nagarajan,G.Wiselin Jiji 보안공학연구지원센터(IJUNESST) 2010 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.3 No.4

EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF A REED-VALVE RECIPROCATING AIR COMPRESSOR FROM AN AUTOMOTIVE-BRAKING SYSTEM

J. VENKATESAN,G. NAGARAJAN,R. V. SEENIRAJ,R. MURUGAN 한국자동차공학회 2010 International journal of automotive technology Vol.11 No.3

Mathematical simulation is the process of designing a model of a real system and then conducting experiments with the simulation to understand the system’s behavior. Mathematical simulation is widely used for investigating and designing compressors, and with a minimal number of simplifying assumptions, mathematical models can be used in conjunction with modern computing tools to solve complicated problems. A considerable amount of previous research has focused on the mathematical modeling of reciprocating air compressors used in automotive braking. The aim of the present work was to experimentally validate the mathematical model for such compressors. We present a simplified and effective mathematical model for estimating compressor performance, and this model can easily be executed using personal computers. Parameters such as compressor speed, discharge pressure and clearance volume were evaluated in terms of their effect on the thermodynamic behavior of compressors. The model can predict cylinder pressure, cylinder volume, cylinder temperature, valve lift and resultant torque at different crank angles; it can also predict the free air delivered and the indicated power of the compressor. Therefore, the model has been validated using experimental results.

Fusion of Visible and Infrared Image Via Compressive Sensing using Convolutional Sparse Representation

S. Nirmalraj,G. Nagarajan 한국통신학회 2021 ICT Express Vol.7 No.3

An effective visible light and infrared image fusion method using a deep learning framework is designed to obtain a fused image which contains all the features from infrared and visible images. First, the source images are decomposed into low frequency and high frequency sub bands using wavelet transform. Then the low frequency is fused by maximum fusion rule. For the high frequency sub bands a deep learning network is used to find activity level measurements and then fused using the maximum fusion rule. For reconstruction, the optimized orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm and inverse wavelet transform are used.

Combined spatial temporal based In-loop filter for scalable extension of HEVC

Dhanalakshmi. A,Nagarajan G. 한국통신학회 2020 ICT Express Vol.6 No.4

Deep learning plays a major role in the present video processing tools and algorithms. To​ alleviate the limitations of present in-loop filters in the scalable extension of HEVC (SHVC), a combined residual network (CResNet) in-loop filtering is proposed in this paper. The proposed CResNet in-loop filter exploits layer information available in the spatial temporal domain to restrain the visual artifacts like blocking and ringing. Particularly, the block information related to current and co-located blocks of the spatial and temporal base layer reference frames are considered to optimize the in-loop filtering. The proposed architecture has four convolution layers at the base layer and two convolution layers at the enhancement layer that significantly reduces the coding complexity and memory. Additionally to completely train the input content and also to enhance the in-loop filter performance, the on/off level control flag for coding tree Unit (CTU) is sensed using rate distortion optimization (RDO) approach. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed architecture provides up to 6.2% to 7.2% reduction in bit rate and 1.01 dB improvement in PSNR compared to the standard SHVC codec.

Differentiation of Homogenous and Speckled Objects in HEp-2 Specimen Images using Keypoint Features and an Adaptive Cuckoo Search Algorithm

D. Kanchana,G. Nagarajan,S. Ramakrishnan 대한전자공학회 2019 IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing Vol.8 No.1

In this work, an attempt has been made to differentiate human epithelial type-2 (HEp-2) specimen images using Bag of Features (BoF) and Adaptive Cuckoo Search (ACS) feature selection. For this, 420 images consisting of homogenous and speckled patterns were obtained from a publicly available International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR) 2016 database. These images are preprocessed using edge-aware local contrast enhancement and subjected to a speededup robust feature (SURF) descriptor for feature extraction. The optimal features are identified using the ACS method and are then fed into a support vector machine (SVM) for classification. The results show that the proposed approach is able to distinguish homogenous and speckled patterns. It is found that the features identified using ACS-based feature selection are significant. The proposed approach yields an average accuracy of 97.90% using the SVM classifier. Because automated analysis and classification of HEp-2 specimen images is important for the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases, this study seems to be clinically relevant.

SHVC performance enhancement using superior step search algorithm

Dhanalakshmi. A,Nagarajan G.,Balaji. L 한국통신학회 2019 ICT Express Vol.5 No.3

The SHVC (Scalable High Efficiency Video Coding) standard developed as an extension to H.265 HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) that focus on data transmission over heterogeneous network with wide scalability. In this paper a Superior Step Search (SSS) algorithm is proposed to enhance the PSNR performance along with coding efficiency without much increase in the computational complexity. The proposed SSS algorithm performs dynamic search to predict the best matching block using a fine search pattern. Simulation results show 0.5% average increased performance in PSNR and 32% coding efficiency in Bit rate when compared with the SHM reference software.