간호실무에서 신봉이론(Espoused theories)에 대한 탐색적 연구

서문자,김혜숙,이은희,박영숙,조경숙,강현숙,임난영,김주현,이소우,조복희,이명하,지성애,하양숙,손영희,권성복,김희진,추진아 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1

As a nursing practice involves nurses' actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives, Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal) ; excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, account- ability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics) ; human respect. partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences. positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention. rewarding peer relationship(3 theories of situations) The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore. it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to and any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions

간호사의 임상 실무 경험

서문자,손행미,강현숙,권성복,김주현,박영숙,이은희,임난영,조경숙,지성애 성인간호학회 2002 성인간호학회지 Vol.14 No.4

purpose: This study was conducted to describe qualitatively the entities of nurse's experiences in general hospitals and to suggest basic data guiding research on developing Standards of clinical nursing practice in Korea. Method: Fourteen nurses working at general hospitals with over 300 beds in Seoul were interviewed in-depth until saturation using tape-recorders and transcription. Result: The central theme of clinical nursing practice experienced by subjects was "being with clients" that means accepting client's personal character, solving client's needs and providing client-centered nursing. A also "being with clients" was felt to be the responsibility of nurses which was learned from their nursing schools. The nursing strategies performed in order to be with patients were proving skillful nursing techniques, accepting, educating, emotional support, advocating, and self-reflecting, the subjects experienced somewhat problematic affects such as difficulties in interpersonal relationship, work overload, negative image of nursing, deficit of self-confidence for nursing actions, poor working conditions, and unfair treatment. Nurses at the hospital practiced with pride when they felt that they were accepted by clients. Conclusion: Further research is needed to analysis problems in clinical practice and the comparison of nurses' experiences of clinical practice, with nurses' experiences in various settings.

향미성 Natto 제조과정중 당류 및 아미노산 함량 변화

김복란(Bok-Nan Kim),박창희(Chang-Hee Park),윤복만(Bok-Man Yun),정민철(Min-Cheol Jung),이상영(Sang-Young Lee) 한국식품영양과학회 1995 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.24 No.1

일본의 전통 발효 식품인 Natto의 향미개선을 위한 기초 연구를 목적으로 증자대두에 마늘 2%와 고추 oleoresin 0.2%를 각각 첨가하여 Bacillus natto(NN-1)를 접종한 후, 40℃에서 24시간 발효시키면서 경시적으로 시료를 채취하여 당류와 질소 성분 및 유리 아미노산 함량의 변화를 측정한 결과, 총당 함량은 24시간 발효했을 때 고추 oleoresin 첨가 Natto구에서 잔존량이 가장 적었고, 환원당 함량은 마늘과 고추 oleoresin 첨가 Natto구에서 잔존량이 가장 많았다. 유리당류는 stachyose, raffinose, sucrose, glucose, fructose가 동정 되었으며, 각 함량의 변화는 시험구별로 큰 차이가 없었다. 아미노태 질소의 변화는 전 시험구에서 발효됨에 따라 점차 증가하였으며 마늘과 고추 oleoresin 첨가 Natto구의 생성량이 약간 적었고, 질소용해율은 무첨가 Natto구가 가장 높았고 마늘과 고추 oleoresin 첨가 Natto구가 가장 낮았다. 암모니아태 질소 함량은 전 시험구 모두 발효 초기 보다 5~8배 증가하였다. 유리 아마노산은 모두 17종으로서 gluatmic acid, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine의 순으로 많았으며 24시간 발효 후, 유리 아미노산 함량은 무첨가 Natto구가 가장 많았고 마늘 첨가 Natto구가 가장 적었다. Natto is a Japanese traditional food made from whole soybeans by fermentation of Bacillus natto. This study was attempted to improve the taste of Natto. Natto was compared with the changes in the various chemical properties after it had been produced by the addition of garlic and red pepper oleoresin. The remained content of total sugar of Natto added with red pepper oleoresin decreased than other groups during 24hours fermentation. The remained content of reduced sugar of Natto added with garlic, red pepper oleoresin increased than other groups. The amount of total free sugar showed almost no differences in the case of garlic and red pepper oleoresin added. Amino type nitrogen content increased gradually after 24 hour fermentation in all samples. Free amino acid content increased in conventional Natto.

Influence of Oxygen Consumption on Pregnancy Rates of Hanwoo Calves following Embryo Transfer

Kim, Hyun,Bok, Nan-Hee,Kim, Sung-Woo,Do, Yoon-Jung,Seong, Hwan-Hoo,Kim, Jae-Hwan,Kim, Dong Hun,Kim, Min-Kyu,Ko, Yeoung-Gyu 한국수정란이식학회 2014 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.29 No.3

Recently, several approaches have been used to measure the oxygen consumption rates of individual embryos, but relationship between oxygen consumption and pregnancy rates of Hanwoo following embryo transfer has not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated the correlation between oxygen consumption rate and pregnancy rates of Hanwoo embryo using a SECM. In addition to, the expression of apoptosis-related genes was determined using real-time PCR by extracting RNA according to the oxygen consumption of in vivo embryo. First, we found that the oxygen consumption significantly increased in blastocyst-stage embryos (blastocyst) compared to early blastocyst stage embryos, indicating that oxygen consumption reflects the embryo quality (Grade I). The oxygen consumption or GI blastocysts were significantly higher than those of GII blastocysts (10.2x1014/mol s-1 versus 6.4x1014/mol s-1, p<0.05). Pregnant rate in recipient cow was 0, 60 and 80% in the transplantation of embryo with the oxygen consumption of below 10.0, 10.0~12.0 and over 12.0x1014/mol s-1, respectively. Apoptosis regulatory genes, Hsp-70.1 were significantly increased in over-10.0 group than below 10.0 group but in Caspase-3, Bax and P53 gene, there was no significant difference. In conclusion, These results suggest that measurement of oxygen consumption maybe help increase the pregnant rate of Hanwoo embryos.

Poster Session : Innate Immunity ; Isolation and biochemical characterization of Tenebrio molitor Gramnegative bacteria-binding protein 1 (Tm-GNBP1)

( Chan Hee Kim ),( Hong Nan Kan ),( Ji Won Park ),( Kyung Baeg Roh ),( Su Jin Kim ),( Rui Jiang ),( Hyeon Hwa Lee ),( Nam Chul Ha ),( Bok Luel Lee ) 한국생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학회) 2007 생화학분자생물학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2007 No.-

향미성 Natto의 향기성분, 지방산 및 유기산 함량 분석

김복란(Bok-Nan Kim),박창희(Chang-Hee Park),함승시(Seung-Shi Ham),이상영(Sang-Young Lee) 한국식품영양과학회 1995 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.24 No.2

Natto의 향미 개선 및 품질 개선을 위한 기초연구를 목적으로 증자대두에 Bacillus natto(NN-1)를 접종하고 마늘(2%)과 고추 oleoresin (0.2%)을 첨가하여 40℃에서 24시간 발효시켜 향기성분, 지방산, 유기산, pH 및 적정산도의 변화를 측정하였다. 발효 중에 생성되는 휘발성 물질을 연속 증류 장치로 추출하여 GC 및 GC-MSD로 향기성분을 분석 동정한 결과, 무첨가 Natto에서는 62종류의 휘발성 성분이 검출되었으며 그중 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, trimethylpyrazine, 2,6-bis(1, 1-dimethylethyl)phenol 등의 함량이 높게 나타났고, 마늘 첨가에 의한 Natto 제조시 71종의 휘발성 성분이 검출되었는데 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenol, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine의 높은 함량과 아울러 2-methoxyphenol, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid 등의 함량은 증가되었고 1,2-propanediol, 1-hexanol, 2-dimethylpyrazine 등의 함량은 크게 감소되었다. 또한 고추 oleoresin 첨가 Natto에서는 70종의 화합물이 분리 동정되었고 그 성분 중에서 4,5-dihydroxy-5-propyl-1H-pyrazole, 1,1,3-trime- thylcyclopentane 성분이 검출되었으며 trimethylpyrazine, 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine, hexadecanoic acid 등의 함량은 증가되었지만 1,2-propanediol, 1-hexanol, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine 등의 함량은 감소되었다. 지방산의 조성은 마늘 및 고추 oleoresin 첨가에 의한 변화가 없었으며 전 시험구에서 myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidic acid의 지방산이 검출되었다. 유기산은 전 시험구에서 citric acid, pyroglutamic acid가 검출되었고, citric acid는 24시간 발효시켰을 때 무첨가구와 마늘첨가구는 44~45% 감소, 고추 oleoresin 첨가구는 24~28% 감소하였다. pH는 전 시험구에서 발효 초기 6.4~6.5 범위에서 24시간 발효했을 때 7.52~7.78 범위로 중성에서 약 알카리화 되었고, 적정산도는 전 시험구에서 대체적으로 발효 12시간에서 크게 증가 하다가 그 후에 점차 감소하는 경향이었다. Natto is a Japanese traditional food made from whole soybeans by the fermentation of Bacillus natto. This study was attempted to improve the taste of Natto, garlic(2%) and red pepper oleoresin(0.2%) were added. Conventional Natto(N-1), garlic Natto(N-2), red pepper oleoresin Natto(N-3), garlic and red pepper oleoresin Natto(N-4) were prepared. Volatile flavor components, fatty acid, organic acid, pH and titratable acidity in all samples were investigated. The experimental results revealed the presence of 62 volatile components in conventional Natto. Among there, the major flavor compounds were identified to be 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, trimethyl-pyrazine, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenol. Seventy-one volatile compounds were detected in N-2, and major compounds were identified to be methyl-2-propenyl disulfide, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenol and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine. The amounts of volatile compounds, 2-methoxyphenol and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid increased by addition of garlic, where as, 1,2-propanediol, 1-hexanol and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine decreased. The compounds, 4,5-dihydroxy-5-propyl-1H-pyrazole, 1,1,3-trimethylcyclopentane were identified in N-3. The compounds, such as trimethylpyrazine, 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine increased by addition of red pepper oleoresin, whereas 1,2-propanediol, 1-hexanol and 2,5-dimethylpyrazine decreased. Fatty acid compositions were mainly consisted of linoleic acid (43.66~55.89%) and followed by oleic, palmitic, linolenic, stearic, arachidic, myristic acid. The organic acids were identified to be citric (28.2~30.6), acetic (50.0~73.3) and pyroglutamic acid (2.1~3.7).

내ㆍ외과계 임상간호사가 인지하는 간호역할행위의 중요도와 수행도 비교

임난영(Lim Nan-Young),강현숙(Kang Hyun-Sook),서문자(Suh Moon-Ja),이여진(Yi Yeo-Jin),권성복(Kwon Sung-Bok),김동옥(Kim Dong-Oak),김주현(Kim Joo-Hyun),박영숙(Park Young-Sook),손영희(Shon Young-Hee),손행미(Son Haeng-Mi),이은희(Lee Eun-He 기본간호학회 2004 기본간호학회지 Vol.11 No.2

Influence of Oxygen Consumption on Pregnancy Rates of Hanwoo Calves following Embryo Transfer

Kim, Hyun,Bok, Nan-Hee,Kim, Sung-Woo,Do, Yoon-Jung,Seong, Hwan-Hoo,Kim, Jae-Hwan,Kim, Dong Hun,Kim, Min-Kyu,Ko, Yeoung-Gyu The Korean Society of Embryo Transfer 2014 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.29 No.3

Recently, several approaches have been used to measure the oxygen consumption rates of individual embryos, but relationship between oxygen consumption and pregnancy rates of Hanwoo following embryo transfer has not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated the correlation between oxygen consumption rate and pregnancy rates of Hanwoo embryo using a SECM. In addition to, the expression of apoptosis-related genes was determined using real-time PCR by extracting RNA according to the oxygen consumption of in vivo embryo. First, we found that the oxygen consumption significantly increased in blastocyst-stage embryos (blastocyst) compared to early blastocyst stage embryos, indicating that oxygen consumption reflects the embryo quality (Grade I). The oxygen consumption or GI blastocysts were significantly higher than those of GII blastocysts ($10.2{\times}10^{14}/mol\;s^{-1}$ versus $6.4{\times}10^{14}/mol\;s^{-1}$, p<0.05). Pregnant rate in recipient cow was 0, 60 and 80% in the transplantation of embryo with the oxygen consumption of below 10.0, 10.0~12.0 and over $12.0{\times}10^{14}/mol\;s^{-1}$, respectively. Apoptosis regulatory genes, Hsp-70.1 were significantly increased in over-10.0 group than below 10.0 group but in Caspase-3, Bax and P53 gene, there was no significant difference. In conclusion, These results suggest that measurement of oxygen consumption maybe help increase the pregnant rate of Hanwoo embryos.

3, 4년제 졸업예정 간호학생의 간호 역할에 대한 관찰 및 수행정도 비교연구

손영희(Shon Young Hee),강현숙(Kang Hyun Sook),박영숙(Park Young Sook),한혜자(Han Hye Ja),권성복(Kwon Sung Bok),조경숙(Cho Kyung-Sook),임난영(Lim Nan Young),김동욱(Kim Dong Ok),김주현(Kim Joo Hyun),손행미(Son Haeng Mi),이은희(Lee Eun 기본간호학회 2006 기본간호학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Purpose: This study was done to identify observation and performance of nursing role activities by student nurses graduating from 3 year junior colleges or 4 year universities. Method: A descriptive design was used and the participants were 295 student nurses who were graduating. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Results: The average score for observation of nursing role activity was 2.16±0.29, and for performance 1.61±0.29. Among the college students, the mean item score for observation was highest for medication administrator and lowest for provider of spiritual & bereavement care, while for the university students the highest was for provider of care during surgery and lowest for provider of spiritual & bereavement care. The college students had higher scores for observation, and the university students for performance. Conclusion: It is concluded that standardized practice learning programs need to be designed in schools and in clinical practice areas, in order to further develop adaptability to nursing roles.

Incorporation Effect of Green Manure Crops on Improvement of Soil Environment on Saemangeum Reclaimed Land during Silage Corn Cultivation

Chang-Hyu Yang,Jang-Hee Lee,Nan-Hyun Baek,Pyeong Shin,Kwang-Min Cho,Sang-Bok Lee,Gyeong-Bo Lee 한국토양비료학회 2013 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.46 No.3

This study was carried out to investigate the incorporation effect of green manure crops (GMC) such as the hairy vetch on improvement of soil environment in reclaimed land during silage corn cultivation over the past two years. Plots consisted of conventional fertilization (CF) and incorporation of GMC were divided by addition rate of nitrogen fertilizer (100 kg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>) with 30 ? 100% of non nitrogen fertilization (NNF). Soil physico-chemical properties and growth and yield potential of silage corn were examined. The tested soils showed strong alkali and saline properties with low contents of organic matter and available phosphate while contents of exchangeable sodium and magnesium were high. Soil salinity increased during cultivation of summer crop. However, corn was not affected by salt content. The fresh weight of GMC at incorporation time was 18,345 kg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>. Content of total nitrogen was 3.09% and the C/N ratio was 12.8 at incorporation time. Fresh and dry matter yield of silage corn were higher in the order of N30% reduction, CF, N50% reduction, N70% reduction, N100% reduction and NNF. Fresh and dry matter yield potential of silage corn for N30% reduction were comparable to those of CF. Bulk density of the soil decreased with incorporation of GMC, while porosity was increased. The soil pH decreased while content of exchangeable calcium, available phosphate, and organic matter increased. Also contents of exchangeable sodium and potassium decreased with incorporation of GMC. The data indicate that incorporation of hairy vetch can improve soil physical and chemical properties and reduce nitrogen fertilizer application especially for alkali saline reclaimed soil such as Saemangeum reclaimed land.